Greek word · G4904

συνεργός

synergos

co-worker

A fellow worker, someone who helps or collaborates on a shared task. It is used of craftsmen, business partners, allies in war, and helpers. In Paul it is almost a technical word for his colleagues in mission: Prisca and Aquila, Timothy, Titus, Epaphroditus, Philemon.

Appears 13 times in 13 verses of the Greek New Testament. ·

What it means

συνεργός, -όν

[in LXX: 2Ma.8:7 Mac 14:5 * ;]

a fellow-worker: with genitive of person(s), Romans 16:3, 9 16:21, Philippians 2:25 4:3, 1 Thessalonians 3:2, Rec., Phm 1 24; θεοῦ (cf. Lft., Notes, 41, 188), 1 Corinthians 3:9 (pl.), 1 Thessalonians 3:2 [WH] R, mg. (R, txt., διάκονον τοῦ θ.; on the original reading, see ICC, in l); τ. χαρᾶς ὑηῶν, 2 Corinthians 1:24; τ. ἀληθείᾳ, 3 John 1:8; before εἰς, 2 Corinthians 8:23, Colossians 4:11.†

(AS)

From G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of 1 Corinthians 3:9

Range of meaning

A fellow worker, someone who helps or collaborates on a shared task. It is used of craftsmen, business partners, allies in war, and helpers. In Paul it is almost a technical word for his colleagues in mission: Prisca and Aquila, Timothy, Titus, Epaphroditus, Philemon.

Against the English

KJV 'labourers together with God' makes God the partner Paul works beside. NIV 'co-workers in God's service' and NRSV 'God's servants, working together' make Paul and Apollos partners with each other, owned by God. BSB, ESV and NASB 'God's fellow workers' keep the Greek ambiguity.

Used elsewhere in the period

In Paul, συνεργός with a genitive person usually names the one you work with: 'my fellow worker' (Rom 16:3, 9, 21; Phil 2:25; Phlm 1, 24). Some manuscripts of 1 Thess 3:2 call Timothy 'God's co-worker' (συνεργὸν τοῦ θεοῦ), and scribes changed this in other copies, apparently uneasy with the bold phrase. In classical and papyrus Greek it is ordinary language for helpers and partners in work.

From the study of Philippians 2:25

Range of meaning

A co-worker, someone who works alongside another in a shared task.

Against the English

KJV's 'companion in labour' and modern 'fellow worker' are both faithful.

Used elsewhere in the period

Paul's standard term for his colleagues in mission: Timothy (Rom 16:21), Prisca and Aquila (Rom 16:3), Titus (2 Cor 8:23), Clement and the women of Philippi (Phil 4:3), Philemon (Phlm 1).

From the study of Romans 16:9

Range of meaning

A fellow worker, someone who joins in the same task. Paul uses it for partners in the gospel mission: Prisca and Aquila, Timothy, Titus, Epaphroditus, Philemon, Euodia and Syntyche, and others.

Against the English

"Fellow worker" and "co-worker" fit. The KJV's "helper" can sound like a subordinate or assistant, which the Greek does not imply.

How it drifted

In modern English "helper" has come to mean a junior aide, while synergos stresses shared work on an equal footing.

Used elsewhere in the period

Used in classical and Hellenistic Greek for collaborators. In Paul it is close to a technical term for mission partners (Rom 16:3, 21; 1 Cor 3:9; Phil 2:25; 4:3; Phlm 1, 24). See BDAG s.v. and E. E. Ellis's study of Paul's co-workers.

Similar words

Where it appears

Romans · 3
  1. Romans 16:3 συνεργούς fellow workers

    Greet Prisca and Aquila, my fellow workers in Christ Jesus,

  2. Romans 16:9 συνεργὸν fellow worker

    Greet Urbanus, our fellow worker in Christ, and my beloved Stachys.

    Here: Someone who shares the work. For Paul it means a partner in spreading and building up the gospel communities. He uses the same word for Prisca and Aquila (16:3) and Timothy (16:21). It names a partner, not an assistant.

  3. Romans 16:21 συνεργός fellow worker

    Timothy, my fellow worker, sends you greetings, as do Lucius, Jason, and Sosipater, my fellow countrymen.

    Here: Paul's term for people who share his missionary work as partners, not as assistants or employees. Prisca and Aquila got the same title in 16:3.

1 Corinthians · 1
  1. 1 Corinthians 3:9 συνεργοί· fellow workers;

    For we are God’s fellow workers; you are God’s field, God’s building.

    Here: People who work together on a shared task. Here it means workers on God's project. Whether the stress falls on working alongside God or alongside each other in God's employ is debated (see debates).

2 Corinthians · 2
  1. 2 Corinthians 1:24 συνεργοί fellow workers

    Not that we lord it over your faith, but we are fellow workers with you for your joy, because it is by faith that you stand firm.

    Here: "Co-workers" or "fellow labourers", one of Paul's favourite words for those who serve with him in the gospel. The prefix syn- ("with") does not say with whom. Most likely he means Paul and his team (Silvanus and Timothy, 1:19), possibly working together with God. "With you" is a translator's addition.

  2. 2 Corinthians 8:23 συνεργός· a fellow worker;

    As for Titus, he is my partner and fellow worker among you. As for our brothers, they are messengers of the churches, the glory of Christ.

Philippians · 2
  1. Philippians 2:25 συνεργὸν fellow worker

    But I thought it necessary to send back to you Epaphroditus, my brother, fellow worker, and fellow soldier, who is also your messenger and minister to my needs.

    Here: A partner in the same work. For Paul this is the work of spreading and building up the gospel. It is his regular word for colleagues such as Timothy, Prisca and Aquila, and Euodia and Syntyche (4:3).

  2. Philippians 4:3 συνεργῶν of [the] fellow workers

    Yes, and I ask you, my true yokefellow, to help these women who have contended at my side for the gospel, along with Clement and the rest of my fellow workers, whose names are in the Book of Life.

    Here: Paul's regular word for his mission partners, such as Timothy, Titus, Prisca and Aquila, and Epaphroditus (2:25).

Colossians · 1
  1. Colossians 4:11 συνεργοὶ fellow workers

    Jesus, who is called Justus, also sends greetings. These are the only Jews among my fellow workers for the kingdom of God, and they have been a comfort to me.

    Here: Paul's favourite word for his mission partners (Prisca and Aquila, Timothy, Titus, Philemon). It means people who share the actual labour, not just sympathisers.

1 Thessalonians · 1
  1. 1 Thessalonians 3:2 συνεργὸν fellow worker

    We sent Timothy, our brother and fellow worker for God in the gospel of Christ, to strengthen and encourage you in your faith,

    Here: Someone who works alongside others on a shared task. Paul's favourite word for his mission partners (Romans 16:3, 9, 21; Philippians 2:25). Paired with 'of God', it is a remarkably high way to describe Timothy.

Philemon · 2
  1. Philemon 1:1 συνεργῷ fellow worker

    Paul, a prisoner of Christ Jesus, and Timothy our brother, To Philemon our beloved fellow worker,

    Here: 'Fellow worker' is Paul's regular word for people who share his mission work (Prisca and Aquila, Timothy, Titus, Epaphroditus). It treats Philemon as a partner on the same level, not as a subordinate or a mere donor.

  2. Philemon 1:24 συνεργοί fellow workers

    as do Mark, Aristarchus, Demas, and Luke, my fellow workers.

    Here: Literally 'with-workers': partners who share a task. Paul uses it for people who worked alongside him in spreading and building up the gospel communities. In verse 1 he gives the same title to Philemon himself.

3 John · 1
  1. 3 John 1:8 συνεργοὶ fellow workers

    Therefore we ought to support such men, so that we may be fellow workers for the truth.

    Here: 'Fellow workers'. Paul's usual word for his mission partners. A host who never travels still becomes a real partner in the mission, not a bystander who merely donates.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.