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Psalms
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About Psalms: the case for and against →
Proverbs
Isaiah
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Other ancient texts
Books in other Bibles, books read in Jesus' day, and the earliest Christian writings. Each shows the strongest case for and against including it, so you can decide.
In other Bibles
In Catholic, Orthodox or Ethiopian Bibles, but not the Protestant 66.
- Tobit 3rd–2nd century BC
- Judith about 100 BC
- Esther (Greek) 2nd–1st century BC (the additions)
- Wisdom of Solomon 1st century BC
- Sirach about 180 BC (Greek translation about 132 BC)
- Baruch 2nd–1st century BC
- 1 Maccabees about 100 BC
- 2 Maccabees about 100 BC
- 3 Maccabees 1st century BC
- 4 Maccabees 1st century AD
- 1 Esdras 2nd century BC
- 2 Esdras late 1st century AD (chapters 3–14, also called 4 Ezra)
- Prayer of Manasseh 2nd–1st century BC
- Psalm 151 before the 2nd century BC
- Daniel (Greek) 2nd–1st century BC (the additions)
- 1 Enoch about 300 BC to the 1st century BC (in sections)
- Jubilees about 160–150 BC
- 4 Baruch · text coming early 2nd century AD
Read in Jesus' day
Jewish writings circulating in Jesus' lifetime, in no Bible today.
- Psalms of Solomon · text coming mid-1st century BC
- Assumption of Moses · text coming early 1st century AD
- Letter of Aristeas 2nd century BC
- Life of Adam and Eve · text coming 1st century AD
- Joseph and Aseneth · text coming 1st century BC to 2nd century AD
- 2 Baruch about AD 100
-
Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs · 12 2nd century BC, with later Christian additions
- Testament of Reuben · text coming
- Testament of Simeon · text coming
- Testament of Levi · text coming
- Testament of Judah · text coming
- Testament of Issachar · text coming
- Testament of Zebulun · text coming
- Testament of Dan · text coming
- Testament of Naphtali · text coming
- Testament of Gad · text coming
- Testament of Asher · text coming
- Testament of Joseph · text coming
- Testament of Benjamin · text coming
Early Christian writings
Written by Jesus' early followers, outside the New Testament.
- Didache about AD 50–120
- 1 Clement about AD 96
- Epistle of Barnabas about AD 70–135
- Shepherd of Hermas · text coming about AD 100–150
- Gospel of Thomas 2nd century, possibly with earlier sayings
- Gospel of Peter 2nd century
- Infancy Gospel of James · text coming about AD 150
- Polycarp to the Philippians about AD 110–140
-
Letters of Ignatius · 7 about AD 110
- Ignatius to the Ephesians · text coming
- Ignatius to the Magnesians · text coming
- Ignatius to the Trallians · text coming
- Ignatius to the Romans · text coming
- Ignatius to the Philadelphians · text coming
- Ignatius to the Smyrnaeans · text coming
- Ignatius to Polycarp · text coming
Which Bibles include what
| Protestant | Catholic | Orthodox | Ethiopian | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The 66 books | ● | ● | ● | ● |
| Tobit | · | ● | ● | ● |
| Judith | · | ● | ● | ● |
| Esther (Greek) | · | ● | ● | ● |
| Wisdom of Solomon | · | ● | ● | ● |
| Sirach | · | ● | ● | ● |
| Baruch | · | ● | ● | ● |
| 1 Maccabees | · | ● | ● | · |
| 2 Maccabees | · | ● | ● | · |
| 3 Maccabees | · | · | ● | · |
| 4 Maccabees | · | · | · | · |
| 1 Esdras | · | · | ● | ● |
| 2 Esdras | · | · | · | ● |
| Prayer of Manasseh | · | · | ● | ● |
| Psalm 151 | · | · | ● | ● |
| Daniel (Greek) | · | ● | ● | ● |
| 1 Enoch | · | · | · | ● |
| Jubilees | · | · | · | ● |
| 4 Baruch | · | · | · | · |
Some books also appear in appendices (e.g. of the Latin Vulgate or the Greek Orthodox Bible); each book's page says so.