Hebrew word · H2315
חֶ֫דֶר
cheder
chamber
An inner room or innermost chamber of a house or palace. It can be a bedroom (2 Samuel 13:10; 2 Kings 6:12, 'your bedroom'), a storeroom (Proverbs 24:4), a hiding place (1 Kings 20:30; 22:25, 'a room within a room'), a bridal chamber (Joel 2:16; Song 1:4), or a secret room (Ezekiel 8:12).
Appears 38 times in 33 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
chamber, room, parlour, innermost or inward part, within
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of Isaiah 26:20
- Range of meaning
An inner room or innermost chamber of a house or palace. It can be a bedroom (2 Samuel 13:10; 2 Kings 6:12, 'your bedroom'), a storeroom (Proverbs 24:4), a hiding place (1 Kings 20:30; 22:25, 'a room within a room'), a bridal chamber (Joel 2:16; Song 1:4), or a secret room (Ezekiel 8:12). It is used figuratively for 'the chambers of the south' (Job 9:9) and 'the inner rooms of the belly', meaning a person's innermost self (Proverbs 18:8; 20:27). The core idea is the enclosed, private, hidden inside of a building (BDB, HALOT).
- Against the English
BSB and WEB say 'rooms', which is accurate but flat. KJV's 'chambers' keeps a sense of inner, private space. YLT's 'inner chambers' is closest. Plain 'rooms' loses the idea that this is the part of the house furthest from the street, the place you go to be unseen.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Deuteronomy 32:25 is a telling contrast: in the Song of Moses, under judgment 'outside the sword bereaves, and in the chambers (ḥădārîm) there is terror', so not even the inner rooms are safe. Isaiah 26:20 turns this around: for God's people, the inner rooms become a refuge. The Septuagint translates the word with tameia ('storerooms, inner rooms'), the same word Jesus uses in Matthew 6:6.
From the study of Ezekiel 8:12
- Range of meaning
An inner room, the innermost part of a house, a private chamber or bedroom (2 Samuel 13:10; 2 Kings 6:12). Figuratively, the hidden inner parts (Proverbs 20:27, 'the chambers of the belly').
- Against the English
'Chambers/rooms' is accurate. NIV and BSB change the picture to 'shrine', which makes the cultic use clear but loses the sense of privacy and inwardness.
- Used elsewhere in the period
In 2 Kings 6:12, the Aramean king's 'bedchamber' is the most private place there is, and even so the prophet knows what is said there.
From the study of Ecclesiastes 10:20
- Range of meaning
"Inner rooms of the bed": the bedchamber, the most private part of a house, entered only by the closest family.
- Against the English
"Bedroom" (BSB, WEB) and "bedchamber" (KJV) are accurate. YLT's "inner parts of thy bed-chamber" keeps the plural sense of the innermost rooms.
- Used elsewhere in the period
The same phrase appears in 2 Kgs 6:12, where an Aramean officer tells his king that Elisha reports to Israel's king "the words that you speak in your bedchamber". Words spoken in a ruler's own bedroom were the standard example of secrets that still got out. Compare 2 Sam 4:7 and Exod 8:3 (Heb. 7:28) for the bedchamber as the most private room.
Where it appears
Genesis · 1
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Genesis 43:30 הַחַ֖דְרָה the inner room towards
Joseph hurried out because he was moved to tears for his brother, and he went to a private room to weep.
Here: 'Into the inner room.' The ending on the word marks direction. A ḥeder is the innermost private part of a house, often a bedroom, where no one would see him.
Exodus · 1
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Exodus 8:3 וּבַחֲדַ֥ר and in [the] chamber of
The Nile will teem with frogs, and they will come into your palace and up to your bedroom and onto your bed, into the houses of your officials and your people, and into your ovens and kneading bowls.
Deuteronomy · 1
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Deuteronomy 32:25 וּמֵחֲדָרִ֖ים and [will be] from inner rooms
Outside, the sword will take their children, and inside, terror will strike the young man and the young woman, the infant and the gray-haired man.
Judges · 4
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Judges 3:24 בַּחֲדַ֥ר in [the] chamber of
After Ehud was gone, Eglon’s servants came in and found the doors of the upper room locked. “He must be relieving himself in the cool room,” they said.
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Judges 15:1 הֶחָ֑דְרָה the chamber towards
Later on, at the time of the wheat harvest, Samson took a young goat and went to visit his wife. “I want to go to my wife in her room,” he said. But her father would not let him enter.
Here: The heder was the private inner room of a house, often the bedroom. Here it is the room where a married couple would sleep together. The ending of the word means 'toward'.
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Judges 16:9 בַּחֶ֔דֶר in the chamber
While the men were hidden in her room, she called out, “Samson, the Philistines are here!” But he snapped the bowstrings like a strand of yarn seared by a flame. So the source of his strength remained unknown.
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Judges 16:12 בֶּחָ֑דֶר in the chamber
So Delilah took new ropes, tied him up with them, and called out, “Samson, the Philistines are here!” But while the men were hidden in her room, he snapped the ropes off his arms like they were threads.
2 Samuel · 3
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2 Samuel 4:7 בַּחֲדַ֣ר in [the] chamber of
They had entered the house while Ish-bosheth was lying on his bed, and having stabbed and killed him, they beheaded him, took his head, and traveled all night by way of the Arabah.
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2 Samuel 13:10 הַחֶ֔דֶר הֶחָֽדְרָה׃ the chamber, the chamber towards
Then Amnon said to Tamar, “Bring the food into the bedroom, so that I may eat it from your hand.” Tamar took the cakes she had made and went to her brother Amnon’s bedroom.
1 Kings · 5
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1 Kings 1:15 הַחַ֔דְרָה the room towards
So Bathsheba went to see the king in his bedroom. Since the king was very old, Abishag the Shunammite was serving him.
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1 Kings 20:30 חֶ֥דֶר בְּחָֽדֶר׃ ס a room, in a room
The rest of them fled into the city of Aphek, where the wall fell on twenty-seven thousand of the remaining men. Ben-hadad also fled to the city and hid in an inner room.
Here: An inner, private room of a house: a bedroom or storeroom, away from the street and the gate.
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1 Kings 22:25 חֶ֥דֶר בְּחֶ֖דֶר a room, in a room
Micaiah replied, “You will soon see, on that day when you go and hide in an inner room.”
Here: An inner or private room of a house, such as a bedroom or storeroom, away from the street and the courtyard.
2 Kings · 4
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2 Kings 6:12 בַּחֲדַ֥ר in [the] chamber of
But one of his servants replied, “No one, my lord the king. For Elisha, the prophet in Israel, tells the king of Israel the very words you speak in your bedroom.”
Here: Ḥeder is the innermost, most private room of a house or palace, the opposite of the public gate or audience hall.
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2 Kings 9:2 חֶ֥דֶר בְּחָֽדֶר׃ a room, in a room
When you arrive, look for Jehu son of Jehoshaphat, the son of Nimshi. Go in, get him away from his companions, and take him to an inner room.
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2 Kings 11:2 בַּחֲדַ֣ר in [the] chamber of
But Jehosheba daughter of King Joram, the sister of Ahaziah, took Joash son of Ahaziah and stole him away from among the sons of the king who were being murdered. She put him and his nurse in a bedroom to hide him from Athaliah, and he was not killed.
1 Chronicles · 1
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1 Chronicles 28:11 וַחֲדָרָ֥יו and rooms its
Then David gave his son Solomon the plans for the portico of the temple, its buildings, storehouses, upper rooms, inner rooms, and the room for the mercy seat.
Here: Interior, private rooms. Elsewhere the word is used for bedrooms or the innermost part of a house. Here it means rooms set deeper inside the complex.
2 Chronicles · 3
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2 Chronicles 18:24 חֶ֥דֶר בְּחֶ֖דֶר a room, in a room
Micaiah replied, “You will soon see, on that day when you go and hide in an inner room.”
Here: A private back room of a house, such as a bedroom or storeroom. It is the opposite of the public threshing floor at the city gate where the scene takes place (v. 9).
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2 Chronicles 22:11 בַּחֲדַ֣ר in [the] chamber of
But Jehoshabeath daughter of King Jehoram took Joash son of Ahaziah and stole him away from among the sons of the king who were being murdered, and she put him and his nurse in a bedroom. Because Jehoshabeath, the daughter of King Jehoram and the wife of Jehoiada the priest, was Ahaziah’s sister, she hid Joash from Athaliah so that she could not kill him.
Job · 2
Psalms · 1
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Psalm 105:30 בְּ֝חַדְרֵ֗י in [the] rooms of
Their land teemed with frogs, even in their royal chambers.
Proverbs · 6
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Proverbs 7:27 חַדְרֵי־ [the] chambers of
Her house is the road to Sheol, descending to the chambers of death.
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Proverbs 18:8 חַדְרֵי־ [the] chambers of
The words of a gossip are like choice morsels that go down into the inmost being.
Here: "The chambers of": the innermost private rooms of a house, such as a bedroom or storeroom. The picture is of the words going past the front door all the way into the back rooms.
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Proverbs 20:27 חַדְרֵי־ [the] chambers of
The spirit of a man is the lamp of the LORD, searching out his inmost being.
Here: The back rooms of a house: a bedroom or storeroom, the private, windowless part of the home where you would need a lamp. The person's insides are pictured as a dark house with many rooms.
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Proverbs 20:30 חַדְרֵי־ [the] chambers of
Lashes and wounds scour evil, and beatings cleanse the inmost parts.
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Proverbs 24:4 חֲדָרִ֣ים rooms
through knowledge its rooms are filled with every precious and beautiful treasure.
Here: The private inner rooms of a house, such as bedrooms or storerooms, away from the public front. These are the rooms where a family kept its goods. Hebrew has no 'its', but the rooms belong to the house built in v. 3.
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Proverbs 26:22 חַדְרֵי־ [the] chambers of
The words of a gossip are like choice morsels that go down into the inmost being.
Ecclesiastes · 1
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Ecclesiastes 10:20 וּבְחַדְרֵי֙ and in [the] chambers of
Do not curse the king even in your thoughts, or curse the rich even in your bedroom, for a bird of the air may carry your words, and a winged creature may report your speech.
Here: "And in the inner rooms of". The plural stresses the innermost, most closed-off parts of a house.
Song of Songs · 2
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Song of Songs 1:4 חֲדָרָ֗יו chambers his
Take me away with you—let us hurry! May the king bring me to his chambers. We will rejoice and delight in you; we will praise your love more than wine. It is only right that they adore you.
Here: 'His inner rooms': the most private part of a house, often the bedroom. In context it means the place where lovers are alone together.
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Song of Songs 3:4 חֶ֖דֶר [the] room of
I had just passed them when I found the one I love. I held him and would not let go until I had brought him to my mother’s house, to the chamber of the one who conceived me.
Here: "The inner room of". The private back room of a house, often the bedroom, as in the bridegroom's room in Joel 2:16. It suggests privacy and intimacy.
Isaiah · 1
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Isaiah 26:20 בַחֲדָרֶ֔יךָ in rooms your
Go, my people, enter your rooms and shut your doors behind you. Hide yourselves a little while until the wrath has passed.
Here: 'Into your inner rooms', meaning the most private, enclosed part of a house, furthest from the street. These are the people's own rooms, not a place somewhere else.
Ezekiel · 1
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Ezekiel 8:12 בְּחַדְרֵ֣י in [the] rooms of
“Son of man,” He said to me, “do you see what the elders of the house of Israel are doing in the darkness, each at the shrine of his own idol? For they are saying, ‘The LORD does not see us; the LORD has forsaken the land.’”
Here: Ḥeder is the innermost private room of a building, often a bedroom. The plural ('rooms') points to secluded, private spaces.
Joel · 1
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Joel 2:16 מֵֽחֶדְר֔וֹ from room his
Gather the people, sanctify the congregation, assemble the aged, gather the children, even those nursing at the breast. Let the bridegroom leave his room, and the bride her chamber.
Here: 'From his inner room', the private back room of a house, often a bedroom (2 Sam 13:10). Here it is the room where the marriage is being celebrated and consummated.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.