חָתַת

Deuteronomy 1:21 תֵּחָֽת׃ you be dismayed

See, the LORD your God has placed the land before you. Go up and take possession of it as the LORD, the God of your fathers, has told you. Do not be afraid or discouraged.”

Deuteronomy 31:8 תֵחָֽת׃ you must be dismayed

The LORD Himself goes before you; He will be with you. He will never leave you nor forsake you. Do not be afraid or discouraged.”

Here: The verb's basic sense is 'to be broken, shattered.' In this form it means losing your nerve, being thrown into panic and collapse. It is much stronger than English 'discouraged.'

Joshua 1:9 תֵּחָ֑ת you be dismayed

Have I not commanded you to be strong and courageous? Do not be afraid; do not be discouraged, for the LORD your God is with you wherever you go.”

Here: 'Do not be shattered.' The word is used of bows snapping and nations being broken. Here it means falling apart inside, panic that breaks a person's ability to act. It is far stronger than English 'discouraged'.

Joshua 8:1 תֵּחָ֔ת you be dismayed

Then the LORD said to Joshua, “Do not be afraid or discouraged. Take the whole army with you, and go up and attack Ai. See, I have delivered into your hand the king of Ai, his people, his city, and his land.

Here: From a root meaning 'to be broken, shattered'. It describes a nerve that has snapped, panic and loss of will, much stronger than 'discouraged'. It answers 7:5, where 'the heart of the people melted and became water'.

Joshua 10:25 תֵּחָ֑תּוּ you be dismayed

“Do not be afraid or discouraged,” Joshua said. “Be strong and courageous, for the LORD will do this to all the enemies you fight.”

Here: The root's picture is of something cracked or broken. Applied to people it means losing your nerve, being broken by terror, giving way in panic. It is stronger than modern 'discouraged'.

1 Samuel 17:11 וַיֵּחַ֥תּוּ and they were dismayed

On hearing the words of the Philistine, Saul and all the Israelites were dismayed and greatly afraid.

2 Kings 19:26 חַ֖תּוּ they were dismayed

Therefore their inhabitants, devoid of power, are dismayed and ashamed. They are like plants in the field, tender green shoots, grass on the rooftops, scorched before it is grown.

1 Chronicles 22:13 תֵּחָֽת׃ you be dismayed

Then you will succeed, if you carefully follow the statutes and ordinances that the LORD commanded Moses for Israel. Be strong and courageous. Do not be afraid or discouraged.

Here: The root means 'to be broken, shattered'. It is used of bows that are broken and of nations broken in battle. It describes nerve collapsing into panic, which is much stronger than English 'dismayed' or 'discouraged'.

1 Chronicles 28:20 תֵּחָ֑ת you be dismayed

David also said to Solomon his son, “Be strong and courageous, and do it. Do not be afraid or discouraged, for the LORD God, my God, is with you. He will neither fail you nor forsake you before all the work for the service of the house of the LORD is finished.

Here: Literally 'be shattered, broken.' It describes nerve collapsing under pressure, the opposite of the firmness commanded just before.

2 Chronicles 20:15 תֵּחַ֙תּוּ֙ you be dismayed

And he said, “Listen, all you people of Judah and Jerusalem! Listen, King Jehoshaphat! This is what the LORD says: ‘Do not be afraid or discouraged because of this vast army, for the battle does not belong to you, but to God.

Here: The root pictures something cracking and breaking. Applied to people it means losing your nerve and collapsing inwardly in terror. That is much stronger than modern 'discouraged' or 'dismayed.'

2 Chronicles 20:17 תֵּחַ֔תּוּ you be dismayed

You need not fight this battle. Take up your positions, stand firm, and see the salvation of the LORD on your behalf, O Judah and Jerusalem. Do not be afraid or discouraged. Go out and face them tomorrow, for the LORD is with you.’”

Here: To be broken by terror, so that your nerve collapses. It is much stronger than modern English "dismayed" or "discouraged."

2 Chronicles 32:7 תֵּחַ֗תּוּ you be dismayed

“Be strong and courageous! Do not be afraid or discouraged before the king of Assyria and the vast army with him, for there is a greater One with us than with him.

Here: "Don't be broken": don't let terror shatter you into panic and collapse. It is much stronger than English "dismayed" or "discouraged."

Job 7:14 וְחִתַּתַּ֥נִי and you will dismay me

then You frighten me with dreams and terrify me with visions,

Job 31:34 יְחִתֵּ֑נִי it caused to be dismayed me

because I greatly feared the crowds and the contempt of the clans terrified me, so that I kept silent and would not go outside—

Job 32:15 חַ֭תּוּ they are dismayed

Job’s friends are dismayed, with no more to say; words have escaped them.

Job 39:22 יֵחָ֑ת it is dismayed

He laughs at fear, frightened of nothing; he does not turn back from the sword.

Isaiah 7:8 יֵחַ֥ת it will be shattered

For the head of Aram is Damascus, and the head of Damascus is Rezin. Within sixty-five years Ephraim will be shattered as a people.

Isaiah 8:9 וָחֹ֔תּוּ וָחֹ֔תּוּ וָחֹֽתּוּ׃ and be shattered

Huddle together, O peoples, and be shattered; pay attention, all you distant lands; prepare for battle, and be shattered; prepare for battle, and be shattered!

Here: "And be shattered!" The word covers being physically broken and losing one's nerve in terror. Joined by "and" to the first command, it states what will certainly result: rage all you like, and you will be shattered.

Isaiah 9:4 הַחִתֹּ֖תָ you will shatter

For as in the day of Midian You have shattered the yoke of their burden, the bar across their shoulders, and the rod of their oppressor.

Here: 'You have shattered.' The causative form addresses God directly. The tense is the completed (perfect) form: the prophet speaks of the rescue as already done, though in context it is still awaited. The root also covers terror and collapse of morale, which fits a panicked army like Midian's.

Isaiah 20:5 וְחַתּ֖וּ and they will be dismayed

Those who made Cush their hope and Egypt their boast will be dismayed and ashamed.

Here: The root's picture is something broken or cracked. Here it means being broken by terror, the nerve gone. The 'and' plus the verb form looks forward: 'and they will be shattered', which follows straight on from the deportation pictured in v. 4.

Isaiah 30:31 יֵחַ֣ת it will be shattered

For Assyria will be shattered at the voice of the LORD; He will strike them with His scepter.

Isaiah 31:4 יֵחָ֔ת it is dismayed

For this is what the LORD has said to me: “Like a lion roaring or a young lion over its prey—and though a band of shepherds is called out against it, it is not terrified by their shouting or subdued by their clamor—so the LORD of Hosts will come down to do battle on Mount Zion and its heights.

Here: To be broken by terror and lose one's nerve. The lion does not panic.

Isaiah 31:9 וְחַתּ֥וּ and they will be dismayed

Their rock will pass away for fear, and their princes will panic at the sight of the battle standard,” declares the LORD, whose fire is in Zion, whose furnace is in Jerusalem.

Isaiah 37:27 חַ֖תּוּ they were dismayed

Therefore their inhabitants, devoid of power, are dismayed and ashamed. They are like plants in the field, tender green shoots, grass on the rooftops, scorched before it is grown.

Isaiah 51:6 תֵחָֽת׃ ס it will be broken

Lift up your eyes to the heavens, and look at the earth below; for the heavens will vanish like smoke, the earth will wear out like a garment, and its people will die like gnats. But My salvation will last forever, and My righteousness will never fail.

Here: The verb means 'to be shattered, broken', and of people 'to be terrified, to fall apart in fear'. God's righteousness will never crack. The next verse uses the same verb of the hearers: 'do not be shattered (al-techattu) by their insults' (51:7). Because his righteousness won't break, they need not break.

Isaiah 51:7 תֵּחָֽתּוּ׃ you be dismayed

Listen to Me, you who know what is right, you people with My law in your hearts: Do not fear the scorn of men; do not be broken by their insults.

Here: 'Be shattered, broken down, terrified.' The verb pictures something cracking under pressure. It is the same verb as the end of 51:6, where God's righteousness 'will not be shattered.' Because God's rightness will not break, his people need not break either.

Jeremiah 1:17 תֵּחַת֙ אֲחִתְּךָ֖ you be dismayed, I should make dismayed you

Get yourself ready. Stand up and tell them everything that I command you. Do not be intimidated by them, or I will terrify you before them.

Here: 'Be shattered.' This is fear that breaks a person apart, the way a bow snaps or dry ground cracks. It means losing your nerve and caving in, which is far stronger than 'be dismayed.'

Jeremiah 8:9 חַ֖תּוּ they will be dismayed

The wise will be put to shame; they will be dismayed and trapped. Since they have rejected the word of the LORD, what wisdom do they really have?

Here: The root suggests being broken or crushed, so this is the panic of people whose nerve has snapped. It is much stronger than mild 'dismay'.

Jeremiah 10:2 תֵּחָ֑תּוּ יֵחַ֥תּוּ you be dismayed, they are dismayed

This is what the LORD says: “Do not learn the ways of the nations or be terrified by the signs in the heavens, though the nations themselves are terrified by them.

Here: 'Do not be shattered with dread.' This is a strong word for terror that breaks a person's nerve, much stronger than modern English 'dismayed'.

Jeremiah 14:4 חַ֔תָּה [which] it is cracked

The ground is cracked because no rain has fallen on the land. The farmers are ashamed; they cover their heads.

Jeremiah 17:18 יֵחַ֣תּוּ אֵחַ֖תָּה let them be dismayed, I be dismayed

Let my persecutors be put to shame, but do not let me be put to shame. Let them be terrified, but do not let me be terrified. Bring upon them the day of disaster and shatter them with double destruction.

Here: 'Let them be shattered/dismayed.' The root means being broken, and it is used for both a broken army and a broken nerve. It picks up v. 17, where Jeremiah begged God not to become a 'terror' (mᵊḥittâ, from the same root) to him.

Jeremiah 23:4 יֵחַ֛תּוּ they will be terrified

I will raise up shepherds over them who will tend them, and they will no longer be afraid or dismayed, nor will any go missing, declares the LORD.

Here: The root's basic picture is being broken or shattered (used of bows). Of people, it means being so terrified that you go to pieces. Paired with 'fear', it echoes the familiar reassurance 'do not fear and do not be dismayed'.

Jeremiah 30:10 תֵּחַ֣ת you be dismayed

As for you, O Jacob My servant, do not be afraid, declares the LORD, and do not be dismayed, O Israel. For I will surely save you out of a distant place, your descendants from the land of their captivity! Jacob will return to quiet and ease, with no one to make him afraid.

Here: A passive (Niphal) form: "don't be broken down, don't go to pieces." It is stronger than English "dismayed" and describes being crushed by terror.

Jeremiah 46:27 תֵּחַ֣ת you be dismayed

But you, O Jacob My servant, do not be afraid, and do not be dismayed, O Israel. For I will surely save you out of a distant place, your descendants from the land of their captivity! Jacob will return to quiet and ease, with no one to make him afraid.

Here: To be broken down by terror, to lose nerve. It is much stronger than English 'dismayed'.

Jeremiah 48:1 וָחָֽתָּה׃ and it will be shattered

Concerning Moab, this is what the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, says: “Woe to Nebo, for it will be devastated. Kiriathaim will be captured and disgraced; the fortress will be shattered and dismantled.

Here: 'And she is shattered': the word covers both broken walls and nerve-broken defenders. Jeremiah pairs it with 'shame' elsewhere (48:20; 50:2).

Jeremiah 48:20 חַ֖תָּה it has been shattered

Moab is put to shame, for it has been shattered. Wail and cry out! Declare by the Arnon that Moab is destroyed.

Jeremiah 48:39 חַ֙תָּה֙ it has been shattered

“How shattered it is! How they wail! How Moab has turned his back in shame! Moab has become an object of ridicule and horror to all those around him.”

Jeremiah 49:37 וְהַחְתַּתִּ֣י and I will shatter

So I will shatter Elam before their foes, before those who seek their lives. I will bring disaster upon them, even My fierce anger,” declares the LORD. “I will send out the sword after them until I finish them off.

Jeremiah 50:2 חַ֣ת חַ֖תּוּ it will be shattered, they will be shattered

“Announce and declare to the nations; lift up a banner and proclaim it; hold nothing back when you say, ‘Babylon is captured; Bel is put to shame; Marduk is shattered, her images are disgraced, her idols are broken in pieces.’

Here: 'Is shattered' or 'is terrified'. The root covers both breaking in pieces and being broken by terror. Both fit a god whose statue is smashed and whose power collapses.

Jeremiah 50:36 וָחָֽתּוּ׃ and they will be shattered

A sword is against her false prophets, and they will become fools. A sword is against her warriors, and they will be filled with terror.

Here: 'And they will be shattered.' The word covers both breaking and collapse of nerve. The heroes break in body and in courage. This matches the fate of Babylon's god in 50:2: 'Merodach is shattered' (same verb).

Jeremiah 51:56 חִתְּתָ֖ה it will be shattered

For a destroyer is coming against her—against Babylon. Her warriors will be captured, and their bows will be broken, for the LORD is a God of retribution; He will repay in full.

Here: In this intensive form the root means 'to shatter'. In its plain form it means 'to be dismayed, terrified', so a faint double sense of broken weapons and broken nerve hangs over the word. The verb is singular with a plural subject, treating 'their bows' as one collective arsenal.

Ezekiel 2:6 תֵּחָ֔ת you be dismayed

But you, son of man, do not be afraid of them or their words. Do not be afraid, though briers and thorns surround you, and you dwell among scorpions. Do not be afraid of their words or dismayed by their presence, though they are a rebellious house.

Here: To be broken down by terror, to go to pieces or lose your nerve. It is much stronger than English 'dismayed'. It is the fourth and strongest word in the chain.

Ezekiel 3:9 תֵחַ֣ת you must be dismayed

I will make your forehead like a diamond, harder than flint. Do not be afraid of them or dismayed at their presence, even though they are a rebellious house.”

Here: 'You shall be shattered.' The root means being broken down, shattered or paralysed by terror. It is used of broken weapons (Jer 51:56) and of panicked armies. It is much stronger than English 'dismayed.'

Obadiah 1:9 וְחַתּ֥וּ and they will be dismayed

Then your mighty men, O Teman, will be terrified, so that everyone in the mountains of Esau will be cut down in the slaughter.

Habakkuk 2:17 יְחִיתַ֑ן it will terrify them

For your violence against Lebanon will overwhelm you, and the destruction of animals will terrify you, because of your bloodshed against men and your violence against the land, the city, and all their dwellers.

Here: As the standard Hebrew stands, "it will terrify them," meaning the animals. Other ancient witnesses read "will terrify you," which turns the terror back on the oppressor and matches "will cover you."

Malachi 2:5 נִחַ֥ת he was in awe

“My covenant with him was one of life and peace, which I gave to him; it called for reverence, and he revered Me and stood in awe of My name.

Here: 'He was shattered' or 'struck with dread.' This is a strong verb, normally used of people undone by fear (soldiers before Goliath, nations before God's judgment). This is one of the rare places where it describes a right and good response to God.