Hebrew word · H3209

יִלּוֹד

haiyilod

born

Born, newborn: a passive adjective from 'to bear' (Exod 1:22; Josh 5:5).

Appears 5 times in 5 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

born

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of 2 Samuel 12:14

Range of meaning

Born, newborn: a passive adjective from 'to bear' (Exod 1:22; Josh 5:5).

Against the English

'Born to you'. The translations agree.

Used elsewhere in the period

Exod 1:22 ('every son that is born'); Jer 16:3.

From the study of 2 Samuel 5:14

Range of meaning

A passive form of the verb 'to bear / give birth' (yalad), meaning 'born, one who has been born'. It is rare and is used of children as newborns or as offspring.

Against the English

BSB has 'children'; KJV, WEB and YLT have 'those (that were) born'. Both are fine. The Hebrew is masculine plural and, since only sons follow, it means the sons. 'Children' is a little broader than what the list actually names.

Used elsewhere in the period

Exodus 1:22 ('every son that is born'); Joshua 5:5 (those born in the wilderness); 1 Chronicles 14:4, which repeats this list. In each case it marks a group defined by where or when they were born.

Where it appears

Exodus · 1

  1. Exodus 1:22 הַיִּלּ֗וֹד <the> born

    Then Pharaoh commanded all his people: “Every son born to the Hebrews you must throw into the Nile, but every daughter you may allow to live.”

    Here: "The one born," meaning a newborn. The word looks back to the midwives' birthing stones in 1:16. The Hebrew does not say whose newborns; the context points to the Hebrews.

Joshua · 1

  1. Joshua 5:5 הַיִּלֹּדִ֨ים <the> born

    Though all who had come out were circumcised, none of those born in the wilderness on the journey from Egypt had been circumcised.

2 Samuel · 2

  1. 2 Samuel 5:14 הַיִּלֹּדִ֥ים the [ones] born

    These are the names of the children born to him in Jerusalem: Shammua, Shobab, Nathan, Solomon,

    Here: A rare passive form meaning 'those who were born'. It is masculine plural and here means the sons. The daughters mentioned in verse 13 are not named.

  2. 2 Samuel 12:14 הַיִּלּ֥וֹד <the> born

    Nevertheless, because by this deed you have shown utter contempt for the word of the LORD, the son born to you will surely die.”

    Here: 'The one born', a passive adjective. It stresses that the child was already born, the fruit of the adultery. The story never names him.

Jeremiah · 1

  1. Jeremiah 16:3 הַיִּלּוֹדִ֖ים <the> born

    For this is what the LORD says concerning the sons and daughters born in this place, and the mothers who bore them, and the fathers who fathered them in this land:

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.