Hebrew word · H3468
יֵ֫שַׁע
yesha'
salvation
Rescue, deliverance, safety, welfare and victory. Its root means having room or being freed from a tight place. It is used of rescue from enemies, from danger and from distress, and of military victory.
Appears 36 times in 35 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
1) deliverance, salvation, rescue, safety, welfare
1a) safety, welfare, prosperity
1b) salvation
1c) victory
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
- Range of meaning
Rescue, deliverance, safety, welfare and victory. Its root means having room or being freed from a tight place. It is used of rescue from enemies, from danger and from distress, and of military victory.
- Against the English
Every major version says 'salvation' (NLT: 'saves me'). The word is right, but to most modern church readers 'salvation' means mainly forgiveness of sins and life after death, which is not what the Hebrew is about here.
- How it drifted
Over centuries of Christian use, English 'salvation' narrowed toward the spiritual and the eternal. The Hebrew word is wider and very concrete.
- Used elsewhere in the period
The same root runs through this psalm: v.3 'I will be saved (iwwashea') from my enemies', v.27, v.35 'the shield of your salvation', v.46, and v.50 'great salvation (yeshu'ot) he gives to his king.' The Septuagint has sōtēria.
- Range of meaning
Deliverance, rescue, victory, safety and welfare. The root means having room, being brought out of a tight place. The word is used of rescue from enemies, from danger, and from trouble in general (2 Samuel 22:3, 36; Psalm 12:6; Psalm 85:8, 10).
- Against the English
Modern 'salvation' usually means the soul's rescue from sin and its eternal result. Here yesha' is concrete and shared by the whole people: release from Babylonian rule, return to the land, and a future of peace there.
- How it drifted
Through Greek sōtēria and Latin salus, and through Christian preaching, the word moved toward an individual, spiritual and life-after-death meaning. The Hebrew word is not limited to that. It is mainly about this-worldly rescue that God himself brings about.
- Used elsewhere in the period
In the Septuagint the yesha' family is usually translated with sōtēria/sōtērion. Here, unusually, the Greek has eleos, 'mercy'. In Isaiah 40–55, 'salvation' is tied to Cyrus's victories and the end of the exile (45:17; 49:6, 8; 52:7, 10).
From the study of Isaiah 17:10
- Range of meaning
Rescue, deliverance, safety, victory. The root ysh' means to bring someone out of a tight place into open space. Most often it is rescue from enemies in war, oppression or disaster.
- Against the English
'Salvation' (KJV, BSB, WEB, ESV) is accurate, but modern readers tend to hear rescue of the soul from sin and hell after death. NIV's 'God your Savior' keeps the personal sense but makes it sound like a fixed title.
- How it drifted
Over centuries of Christian use, 'salvation' came to mean mainly eternal, individual and spiritual rescue. The Hebrew word has that shape only later, if at all.
- Used elsewhere in the period
2 Samuel 22:3, 36, 47 (David's song: 'my rock… the horn of my salvation… exalted be God, the Rock of my salvation'), Psalm 18:46, Psalm 62:2, 6–7. Deuteronomy 32:15 pairs it with Rock: 'scorned the Rock of his salvation'.
Where it appears
2 Samuel · 4
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2 Samuel 22:3 יִשְׁעִ֗י salvation my
My God is my rock, in whom I take refuge, my shield, and the horn of my salvation. My stronghold, my refuge, and my Savior, You save me from violence.
Here: 'My rescue, my deliverance': in this song it means being saved from real enemies, from Saul and from battle (v.1), and coming out safe and victorious.
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2 Samuel 22:36 יִשְׁעֶ֑ךָ salvation your
You have given me Your shield of salvation, and Your gentleness exalts me.
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2 Samuel 22:47 יִשְׁעִֽי׃ salvation my
The LORD lives, and blessed be my Rock! And may God, the Rock of my salvation, be exalted—
Here: 'My rescue / my victory.' In this war song it means being snatched out of deadly danger and given victory over enemies (see vv. 3–4, 18, 48–49): concrete, bodily, historical deliverance.
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2 Samuel 23:5 יִשְׁעִ֥י salvation my
Is not my house right with God? For He has established with me an everlasting covenant, ordered and secured in every part. Will He not bring about my full salvation and my every desire?
Here: 'My deliverance': rescue from enemies, victory, and secure well-being for the king and his line. This is the kind of saving David sang of in 2 Sam 22:3, 36, 47.
1 Chronicles · 1
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1 Chronicles 16:35 יִשְׁעֵ֔נוּ salvation our
Then cry out: ‘Save us, O God of our salvation; gather and deliver us from the nations, that we may give thanks to Your holy name, that we may glory in Your praise.’
Job · 2
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Job 5:4 מִיֶּ֑שַׁע from safety
His sons are far from safety, crushed in court without a defender.
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Job 5:11 יֶֽשַׁע׃ safety
He sets the lowly on high, so that mourners are lifted to safety.
Here: Describes the state they are lifted into: "in safety" or "into rescue". It means being concretely rescued from danger and trouble, with room to live. It is not the later idea of the soul's salvation.
Psalms · 20
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Psalm 12:5 בְּ֝יֵ֗שַׁע in [the] safety
“For the cause of the oppressed and for the groaning of the needy, I will now arise,” says the LORD. “I will bring safety to him who yearns.”
Here: "In safety": a condition of being rescued and secure from the attackers. It is concrete, present-tense deliverance, not eternal salvation in the later theological sense.
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Psalm 18:2 יִ֝שְׁעִ֗י salvation my
The LORD is my rock, my fortress, and my deliverer. My God is my rock, in whom I take refuge, my shield, and the horn of my salvation, my stronghold.
Here: 'My rescue.' Together with 'horn' it means 'the power that wins my rescue.' Verse 3 makes the sense concrete: 'saved from my enemies.'
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Psalm 18:35 יִ֫שְׁעֶ֥ךָ salvation your
You have given me Your shield of salvation; Your right hand upholds me, and Your gentleness exalts me.
Here: 'Your rescue' or 'your victory'. The shield belongs to God's saving action and brings it about. In this battle setting it means getting the king safely through combat and winning, not forgiveness of sins.
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Psalm 18:46 יִשְׁעִֽי׃ salvation my
The LORD lives, and blessed be my Rock! And may the God of my salvation be exalted—
Here: Deliverance, safety, victory. In this song it is concrete rescue from death and enemies in battle (vv. 3–19, 37–48). 'The God of my rescue' is the God who got David out alive and won his fights.
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Psalm 20:6 יֵ֣שַׁע <the> salvation of
Now I know that the LORD saves His anointed; He answers him from His holy heaven with the saving power of His right hand.
Here: 'Of rescue / of victory.' This repeats the root of hôšîaʿ earlier in the verse, so the line opens and closes on 'rescue.' Paired with the previous word it means 'victorious mighty acts' or 'saving might.'
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Psalm 24:5 יִשְׁעֽוֹ׃ salvation his
He will receive blessing from the LORD and vindication from the God of his salvation.
Here: Rescue, help, safety and victory in concrete trouble. 'The God of his salvation' means 'the God who rescues him', in effect 'his Saviour God'. The word 'his' makes it personal: this is the God he already knows as his helper.
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Psalm 25:5 יִשְׁעִ֑י salvation my
Guide me in Your truth and teach me, for You are the God of my salvation; all day long I wait for You.
Here: "My rescue": the God who gets me out of trouble. The trouble in this psalm is enemies, shame, loneliness and guilt (vv. 2, 16–19). The word is concrete deliverance, not first of all life after death.
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Psalm 27:1 וְ֭יִשְׁעִי and salvation my
Of David. The LORD is my light and my salvation—whom shall I fear? The LORD is the stronghold of my life—whom shall I dread?
Here: "And my rescue/deliverance." Yesha' is being brought out of a tight place into safety. Verses 2–3 (evildoers wanting to "devour my flesh", an army camped against him) show the danger is concrete and physical.
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Psalm 27:9 יִשְׁעִֽי׃ salvation my
Hide not Your face from me, nor turn away Your servant in anger. You have been my helper; do not leave me or forsake me, O God of my salvation.
Here: 'My rescue'. Here it means concrete deliverance from present danger: the enemies, false witnesses and violence of vv. 2–3, 12. It is the last word of the verse, the title the plea rests on.
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Psalm 50:23 בְּיֵ֣שַׁע on [the] salvation of
He who sacrifices a thank offering honors Me, and to him who rightly orders his way, I will show the salvation of God.”
Here: The preposition be- after "see" often means looking at something with satisfaction or experiencing it to the full: "gaze on, enjoy." Yēšaʿ is rescue, deliverance, safety. It answers v.22's threat that the God-forgetter will have "no one to rescue."
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Psalm 51:12 יִשְׁעֶ֑ךָ salvation your
Restore to me the joy of Your salvation, and sustain me with a willing spirit.
Here: 'Your rescue', meaning God's act of pulling someone out of danger and the safety that results. In this psalm the danger is guilt and the death it deserves (v. 14: 'deliver me from bloodguilt, O God of my salvation').
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Psalm 62:7 יִשְׁעִ֣י salvation my
My salvation and my honor rest on God, my strong rock; my refuge is in God.
Here: "My rescue" or "my safety": being brought out of danger into safety. Here the danger is the attackers of vv. 3–4, so it means being kept safe and winning through against them.
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Psalm 65:5 יִשְׁעֵ֑נוּ salvation our
With awesome deeds of righteousness You answer us, O God of our salvation, the hope of all the ends of the earth and of the farthest seas.
Here: 'Our rescue, our safety.' The word covers deliverance from danger, enemies, drought or distress, and the wellbeing that follows. Here it is the God who brings his people out of trouble into safety.
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Psalm 69:13 יִשְׁעֶֽךָ׃ salvation your
But my prayer to You, O LORD, is for a time of favor. In Your abundant loving devotion, O God, answer me with Your sure salvation.
Here: "Your rescue, your deliverance." Verse 14 makes the meaning concrete: being pulled out of the mire and the deep waters and away from enemies.
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Psalm 79:9 יִשְׁעֵ֗נוּ salvation our
Help us, O God of our salvation, for the glory of Your name; deliver us and atone for our sins, for the sake of Your name.
Here: 'Our rescue' or 'our safety'. In this setting it means being delivered from the invaders who have wrecked Jerusalem (vv. 1–3), being brought out of a tight place into safety. It is national and physical deliverance, not a statement about the afterlife.
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Psalm 85:4 יִשְׁעֵ֑נוּ salvation our
Restore us, O God of our salvation, and put away Your displeasure toward us.
Here: 'our rescue'. This is concrete deliverance from danger and distress, the kind a people under pressure needs. It is the basis of the appeal: you have always been our rescuer, so act like it now.
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Psalm 85:7 וְ֝יֶשְׁעֲךָ֗ and salvation your
Show us Your loving devotion, O LORD, and grant us Your salvation.
Here: 'And your rescue': the concrete result of God's hesed, a people brought out of distress into safety and wholeness. In this psalm it is spelled out as peace, God's glory dwelling in the land, and the land giving its harvest (vv. 8–12).
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Psalm 85:9 יִשְׁע֑וֹ salvation his
Surely His salvation is near to those who fear Him, that His glory may dwell in our land.
Here: 'His rescue': God's act of saving his people from their distress and the safe, whole condition that follows. In this psalm that means restored favour, life and a fruitful land (vv. 1–2, 6, 12).
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Psalm 95:1 יִשְׁעֵֽנוּ׃ salvation our
Come, let us sing for joy to the LORD; let us shout to the Rock of our salvation!
Here: 'Our rescue', 'our deliverance'. The word means being brought out of danger into safety, often by winning a victory. 'Our' makes it the shared experience of the whole people: the Rock is the one who has rescued us.
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Psalm 132:16 יֶ֑שַׁע salvation
I will clothe her priests with salvation, and her saints will sing out in joy.
Here: The "garment" God puts on the priests: rescue, safety and visible well-being that come from God. It answers the "righteousness" asked for in v. 9 and goes further, since it names the result of God acting for his people.
Isaiah · 5
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Isaiah 17:10 יִשְׁעֵ֔ךְ salvation your
For you have forgotten the God of your salvation and failed to remember the Rock of your refuge. Therefore, though you cultivate delightful plots and set out cuttings from exotic vines—
Here: 'Your rescue': the God who has repeatedly delivered the nation from enemies and danger. In a war oracle this is concrete, military deliverance.
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Isaiah 45:8 יֶ֗שַׁע salvation
Drip down, O heavens, from above, and let the skies pour down righteousness. Let the earth open up that salvation may sprout and righteousness spring up with it; I, the LORD, have created it.
Here: 'Salvation' in the Hebrew sense: being set free from danger and oppression, and being safe and well afterward. Here it means the exiles' rescue from Babylon. It is the crop that grows out of the land.
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Isaiah 51:5 יִשְׁעִ֔י salvation my
My righteousness draws near, My salvation is on the way, and My arms will bring justice to the nations. The islands will look for Me and wait in hope for My arm.
Here: 'My deliverance': a concrete rescue from oppressors, here release from Babylonian exile and the remaking of Zion.
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Isaiah 61:10 יֶ֔שַׁע salvation
I will rejoice greatly in the LORD, my soul will exult in my God; for He has clothed me with garments of salvation and wrapped me in a robe of righteousness, as a bridegroom wears a priestly headdress, as a bride adorns herself with her jewels.
Here: 'Rescue, deliverance, victory' — the outfit is the visible sign that God has rescued the speaker from distress and humiliation.
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Isaiah 62:11 יִשְׁעֵ֖ךְ salvation your
Behold, the LORD has proclaimed to the ends of the earth, “Say to Daughter Zion: See, your Savior comes! Look, His reward is with Him, and His recompense goes before Him.”
Here: Literally 'your rescue', with 'your' addressed to a woman (Zion). The verb after it is 'comes', and the next clause speaks of 'his wages'. So the rescue arrives as a person: the Rescuer himself, YHWH.
Micah · 1
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Micah 7:7 יִשְׁעִ֑י salvation my
But as for me, I will look to the LORD; I will wait for the God of my salvation. My God will hear me.
Here: Rescue, deliverance, being brought out into safety and room to breathe. 'The God of my yesha' is the God who has rescued me and will rescue me. Verses 8–10 spell out what that means: rising after a fall, light after darkness, vindication before a gloating enemy.
Habakkuk · 3
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Habakkuk 3:13 לְיֵ֣שַׁע לְיֵ֖שַׁע for [the] salvation of, for [the] salvation
You went forth for the salvation of Your people, to save Your anointed. You crushed the head of the house of the wicked and stripped him from head to toe. Selah
Here: 'For the rescue of'. In a battle poem this is rescue from enemies and the victory that brings it: the purpose for which God marched out.
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Habakkuk 3:18 יִשְׁעִֽי׃ salvation my
yet I will exult in the LORD; I will rejoice in the God of my salvation!
Here: 'My rescue/deliverance'. Here it picks up 3:13, where Yahweh 'went out for the yesha of your people', a battle rescue from enemies. The God of my yesha is the God who brings me through, gives victory and makes me safe.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.