Hebrew word · H3535

כִּבְשָׂה

kivsah

ewe-lamb

"Ewe-lamb, young female sheep". It is the feminine of kebes (lamb). It is used of lambs given as a pledge (Gen 21:28–30), lambs for offerings (Lev 14:10; Num 6:14), and here.

Appears 8 times in 8 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

ewe-lamb, lamb

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of 2 Samuel 12:6

Range of meaning

"Ewe-lamb, young female sheep". It is the feminine of kebes (lamb). It is used of lambs given as a pledge (Gen 21:28–30), lambs for offerings (Lev 14:10; Num 6:14), and here.

Against the English

Most versions have only "lamb". YLT and NASB keep "ewe-lamb" or "ewe lamb", which keeps the female gender that matters to the story.

Used elsewhere in the period

Nathan's story describes the ewe-lamb with family language. It "grew up with him and with his children", it "ate of his morsel, drank from his cup, lay in his bosom", and it "was to him like a daughter (bat)" (v. 3). The word bat may be a deliberate echo of Bat-sheva. "Lay in his bosom" (cheq) is also language for marriage (compare 1 Kgs 1:2; Mic 7:5).

Where it appears

Genesis · 3
  1. Genesis 21:28 כִּבְשֹׂ֥ת ewe-lambs of

    Abraham separated seven ewe lambs from the flock,

  2. Genesis 21:29 כְּבָשֹׂת֙ ewe-lambs

    and Abimelech asked him, “Why have you set apart these seven ewe lambs?”

  3. Genesis 21:30 כְּבָשֹׂ֔ת ewe-lambs

    He replied, “You are to accept the seven ewe lambs from my hand as my witness that I dug this well.”

Leviticus · 1
  1. Leviticus 14:10 וְכַבְשָׂ֥ה and a ewe-lamb

    On the eighth day he is to bring two unblemished male lambs, an unblemished ewe lamb a year old, a grain offering of three-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with olive oil, and one log of olive oil.

    Here: A female lamb. A female animal is what an ordinary individual brings for a purification ('sin') offering (Lev 4:32), and that is what this one becomes (v. 19).

Numbers · 1
  1. Numbers 6:14 וְכַבְשָׂ֨ה and a ewe-lamb

    and he is to present an offering to the LORD of an unblemished year-old male lamb as a burnt offering, an unblemished year-old female lamb as a sin offering, and an unblemished ram as a peace offering—

2 Samuel · 3
  1. 2 Samuel 12:3 כִּבְשָׂ֨ה a ewe-lamb

    but the poor man had nothing except one small ewe lamb that he had bought. He raised it, and it grew up with him and his children. It shared his food and drank from his cup; it slept in his arms and was like a daughter to him.

  2. 2 Samuel 12:4 כִּבְשַׂת֙ [the] ewe-lamb of

    Now a traveler came to the rich man, who refrained from taking one of his own sheep or cattle to prepare for the traveler who had come to him. Instead, he took the poor man’s lamb and prepared it for his guest.”

  3. 2 Samuel 12:6 הַכִּבְשָׂ֖ה the ewe-lamb

    Because he has done this thing and has shown no pity, he must pay for the lamb four times over.”

    Here: The female lamb from Nathan's story (v. 3), the poor man's one little ewe-lamb that drank from his cup and lay in his bosom "like a daughter". David still talks about it as an animal. The reader already knows it stands for Bathsheba.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.