Hebrew word · H3852
לֶהָבָה
lehavah
flame
Lehavah or lahevet means flame or blaze. Shalhevet is a rare, intensified form built on the same root, found elsewhere only in Job 15:30 and in Song 8:6 ('shalhevetyah', 'a blazing flame' or 'flame of Yah').
Appears 19 times in 19 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
1) flame
2) tip of weapon, point, head of spear
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of Ezekiel 20:47
- Range of meaning
Lehavah or lahevet means flame or blaze. Shalhevet is a rare, intensified form built on the same root, found elsewhere only in Job 15:30 and in Song 8:6 ('shalhevetyah', 'a blazing flame' or 'flame of Yah').
- Against the English
KJV's 'flaming flame' keeps the doubled sound. 'Blazing flame' (BSB, ESV, NIV) keeps the meaning but loses the echo.
- Used elsewhere in the period
In Hebrew, putting a noun beside a related word expresses the greatest degree of something, as in 'song of songs' or 'holy of holies'. Here two forms of one root are set side by side for the same effect.
From the study of 1 Samuel 17:7
- Range of meaning
Flame, the tip of a fire (Isa 4:5; Joel 2:5). By extension, the flashing metal blade of a weapon. The related masculine lahav means a flame and also a blade (Judg 3:22, Ehud's dagger; Job 39:23, "the flashing spear"; Nah 3:3).
- Against the English
"Head" (KJV, ESV, WEB), "point" (BSB, NIV). Only YLT keeps "flame." The English is correct about which part is meant, but it drops the picture.
- Used elsewhere in the period
A common Hebrew idiom: a blade is a "flame" because polished metal flickers in the light and a leaf-shaped spearhead is shaped like a tongue of fire. Other languages likewise describe swords as "flashing" or "lightning" (compare Deut 32:41, "the lightning of my sword").
From the study of Isaiah 10:17
- Range of meaning
A flame or blaze, the leaping tongue of a fire. Closely related forms (lahav, lahevet) mean the flashing blade or point of a weapon (Judg 3:22; 1 Sam 17:7).
- Against the English
'Flame' is accurate. The Hebrew word is vivid and active, a moving, darting fire rather than a steady glow.
- Used elsewhere in the period
It is paired with 'fire' in Isa 4:5; 5:24 ('as the tongue of fire devours stubble... and dry grass sinks in the flame'); 43:2; 47:14; Joel 2:5 (an invading army 'like the sound of a flame of fire devouring stubble').
Where it appears
Numbers · 1
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Numbers 21:28 לֶהָבָ֖ה flame
For a fire went out from Heshbon, a blaze from the city of Sihon. It consumed Ar of Moab, the rulers of Arnon’s heights.
1 Samuel · 1
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1 Samuel 17:7 וְלַהֶ֣בֶת and [the] blade of
The shaft of his spear was like a weaver’s beam, and its iron point weighed six hundred shekels. In addition, his shield bearer went before him.
Here: "And the flame of": Hebrew calls the metal blade a "flame," from its flash and its leaf-like, tongue-shaped outline. English "point" or "head" is accurate but loses the picture.
Psalms · 4
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Psalm 29:7 לַהֲב֥וֹת flames of
The voice of the LORD strikes with flames of fire.
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Psalm 83:14 וּ֝כְלֶהָבָ֗ה and like a flame
As fire consumes a forest, as a flame sets the mountains ablaze,
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Psalm 105:32 לֶהָב֣וֹת flames
He gave them hail for rain, with lightning throughout their land.
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Psalm 106:18 לֶ֝הָבָ֗ה flame
Then fire blazed through their company; flames consumed the wicked.
Isaiah · 5
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Isaiah 4:5 לֶהָבָ֖ה a flame
Then the LORD will create over all of Mount Zion and over her assemblies a cloud of smoke by day and a glowing flame of fire by night. For over all the glory there will be a canopy,
Here: 'Flame'. Together, 'fire of flame' means a blazing, actively burning fire, not glowing embers.
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Isaiah 5:24 לֶֽהָבָה֙ a flame
Therefore, as a tongue of fire consumes the straw, and as dry grass shrivels in the flame, so their roots will decay and their blossoms will blow away like dust; for they have rejected the instruction of the LORD of Hosts and despised the word of the Holy One of Israel.
Here: Most likely means 'in the flame', describing where the grass collapses. YLT instead links it to the grass ('flaming hay'). Either way, the second line repeats the first: fire, then flame.
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Isaiah 10:17 לְלֶהָבָ֑ה <into> a flame
And the Light of Israel will become a fire, and its Holy One a flame. In a single day it will burn and devour Assyria’s thorns and thistles.
Here: 'Into a flame.' It is the leaping tongue of fire, the poetic partner of 'fire' in the line before. The same root names the flashing blade of a weapon, so the word suggests something sharp and darting.
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Isaiah 43:2 וְלֶהָבָ֖ה and flame
When you pass through the waters, I will be with you; and when you go through the rivers, they will not overwhelm you. When you walk through the fire, you will not be scorched; the flames will not set you ablaze.
Here: "And flame": the leaping tongue of fire, the fire at its most destructive. The same word describes Babylon's fate in 47:14.
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Isaiah 47:14 לֶֽהָבָ֑ה [the] flame
Surely they are like stubble; the fire will burn them up. They cannot deliver themselves from the power of the flame. There will be no coals to warm them or fire to sit beside.
Here: The leaping tongue of fire, close to the word for a blade's flash. It pairs with "fire" here as it does in Isaiah 5:24, also with stubble, and Isaiah 43:2.
Jeremiah · 1
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Jeremiah 48:45 וְלֶֽהָבָה֙ and a flame
“Those who flee will stand helpless in Heshbon’s shadow, because fire has gone forth from Heshbon and a flame from within Sihon. It devours the foreheads of Moab and the skulls of the sons of tumult.
Lamentations · 1
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Lamentations 2:3 לֶֽהָבָ֔ה flame
In fierce anger He has cut off every horn of Israel and withdrawn His right hand at the approach of the enemy. He has burned in Jacob like a flaming fire that consumes everything around it.
Here: 'Of flame', so 'a flaming fire', fire at its most active and leaping. The two fire words together make the picture stronger.
Ezekiel · 1
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Ezekiel 20:47 לַהֶ֣בֶת [the] flame of
Say to the forest of the Negev: Hear the word of the LORD! This is what the Lord GOD says: I am about to ignite in you a fire, and it will devour all your trees, both green and dry. The blazing flame will not be quenched, and by it every face from south to north will be scorched.
Here: 'Flame', joined to the next word to make the phrase 'flame of flame'.
Daniel · 1
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Daniel 11:33 וּבְלֶהָבָ֛ה and by flame
Those with insight will instruct many, though for a time they will fall by sword or flame, or be captured or plundered.
Here: Death or torture by fire. The related word lahab can mean the gleaming blade of a weapon, so "sword and flame" may carry a faint sound-picture. A reader of Daniel would also recall the furnace in chapter 3.
Hosea · 1
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Hosea 7:6 לֶהָבָֽה׃ flame
For they prepare their heart like an oven while they lie in wait; all night their anger smolders; in the morning it blazes like a flaming fire.
Joel · 2
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Joel 1:19 וְלֶ֣הָבָ֔ה and a flame
To You, O LORD, I call, for fire has consumed the open pastures and flames have scorched all the trees of the field.
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Joel 2:3 לֶֽהָבָ֑ה a flame
Before them a fire devours, and behind them a flame scorches. The land before them is like the Garden of Eden, but behind them, it is like a desert wasteland—surely nothing will escape them.
Here: Comes from the same root as the verb just before it, so 'flame flames' makes a sound-echo. It is a poetic partner to ʾesh, 'fire'. The same pairing appears in Joel 1:19.
Obadiah · 1
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Obadiah 1:18 לֶהָבָ֗ה [will be] a flame
Then the house of Jacob will be a blazing fire, and the house of Joseph a burning flame; but the house of Esau will be stubble—Jacob will set it ablaze and consume it. Therefore no survivor will remain from the house of Esau.” For the LORD has spoken.
Here: The visible tongue or blaze of a fire. Paired with 'esh it is the second half of a stock word-pair: fire and flame, one blaze from two sources.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.