Hebrew word · H3996
מָבוֹא
mevo'
entrance
A noun from bôʾ, "to come, go in, enter". It means an entrance or way in, the act of coming in, and, with the sun, sunset and the west (Deut 11:30, "the way of the going-in of the sun"; Ps 50:1 and 113:3, "from the rising of the sun to its going-in"; Mal 1:11).
Appears 22 times in 22 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
1) entrance, a coming in, entering
2) sunset
2a) sunset
2b) sunset, west
Also means: me.vo.ah (מְבוֹאָה "entry" H3997)
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of Psalm 104:19
- Range of meaning
A noun from bôʾ, "to come, go in, enter". It means an entrance or way in, the act of coming in, and, with the sun, sunset and the west (Deut 11:30, "the way of the going-in of the sun"; Ps 50:1 and 113:3, "from the rising of the sun to its going-in"; Mal 1:11).
- Against the English
KJV "his going down" and NASB-style "the place of its setting" capture the event. YLT's "his place of entrance" keeps the literal picture but reads oddly. BSB and WEB "when to set" make it about timing only, which loses the sense of place.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Hebrew regularly says the sun "came in" (bāʾ) for sunset (Gen 15:12, 17; 28:11). Psalm 19:4–6 imagines a tent God has pitched for the sun, from which it comes out like a bridegroom. Ancient Near Eastern texts likewise picture the sun entering the underworld or a gate at evening.
From the study of 1 Chronicles 4:39
- Range of meaning
From bôʾ, "to come in". It can mean an entrance or way in (of a city, a gate, or a house), the act of coming in, or, in the phrase "the entering of the sun", sunset or the west.
- Against the English
"Entrance" (KJV, BSB, ESV, NASB, WEB) can suggest a gate or doorway. NIV's "outskirts" better conveys the approach to a district.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Used of city entrances (Judg 1:24–25), of the "entering in" of Hamath as a border point (in some phrasings), and of sunset, "the going-in of the sun" (Deut 11:30; Ps 50:1).
- Range of meaning
Mevô is 'an entrance, a going-in', or the act of entering (from bô', 'come/go in'). Joined to 'the sun', it means 'sunset' and so 'the west'. Its opposite is mizrach hashshemesh, 'the rising/shining of the sun', the east.
- Against the English
KJV, WEB and ESV say 'toward the going down of the sun', and NASB 'toward the setting of the sun'. These keep the picture but turn 'going in' into 'going down'. YLT's 'the going in of the sun' is the most literal. BSB's 'west' and NIV's 'in the west' give the meaning but lose the image.
- Used elsewhere in the period
The same pair appears in Ps 50:1, Ps 113:3 and Mal 1:11 ('from the rising of the sun to its going in'). Neighbouring languages use the same idiom: Akkadian ereb šamši, 'the entering of the sun', means sunset or west, and Ugaritic texts use 'rb špš, 'the sun enters', for sunset. Behind this is a common ancient picture of the sun going in through a gate or into a chamber at evening (compare Ps 19:5–7).
Where it appears
Deuteronomy · 1
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Deuteronomy 11:30 מְב֣וֹא [the] setting of
Are not these mountains across the Jordan, west of the road toward the sunset, in the land of the Canaanites who live in the Arabah opposite Gilgal near the Oak of Moreh?
Joshua · 2
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Joshua 1:4 מְב֣וֹא [the] setting of
Your territory shall extend from the wilderness and Lebanon to the great River Euphrates—all the land of the Hittites—and west as far as the Great Sea.
Here: Literally 'the going-in / entrance'. It comes from the verb 'to come in'. The sun is pictured as going in at evening, so the phrase means 'where the sun sets', that is, the west.
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Joshua 23:4 מְב֥וֹא [the] setting of
See, I have allotted as an inheritance to your tribes these remaining nations, including all the nations I have already cut off, from the Jordan westward to the Great Sea.
Here: 'The going-in place'. The sun was pictured as 'entering' at sunset, so this means 'the west'.
Judges · 2
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Judges 1:24 מְב֣וֹא [the] entrance of
and when the spies saw a man coming out of the city, they said to him, “Please show us how to get into the city, and we will treat you kindly.”
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Judges 1:25 מְב֣וֹא [the] entrance of
So the man showed them the entrance to the city, and they put the city to the sword but released that man and all his family.
2 Kings · 2
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2 Kings 11:16 מְב֥וֹא [the] entrance of
So they seized Athaliah as she reached the horses’ entrance to the palace grounds, and there she was put to death.
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2 Kings 16:18 מְב֤וֹא [the] entrance of
And on account of the king of Assyria, he removed the Sabbath canopy they had built in the temple and closed the royal entryway outside the house of the LORD.
1 Chronicles · 2
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1 Chronicles 4:39 לִמְב֣וֹא to [the] entrance of
and they journeyed to the entrance of Gedor, to the east side of the valley, in search of pasture for their flocks.
Here: From the verb "to come in". It marks the way into a place: the approach or edge of the territory of Gedor (or Gerar), not necessarily a city gate. NIV's "outskirts" catches the sense.
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1 Chronicles 9:19 הַמָּבֽוֹא׃ the entrance
Shallum son of Kore, the son of Ebiasaph, the son of Korah, and his relatives from the Korahites were assigned to guard the thresholds of the Tent, just as their fathers had been assigned to guard the entrance to the dwelling of the LORD.
2 Chronicles · 2
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2 Chronicles 23:13 בַּמָּב֗וֹא at the entrance
And she looked and saw the king standing by his pillar at the entrance. The officers and trumpeters were beside the king, and all the people of the land were rejoicing and blowing trumpets, while the singers with musical instruments were leading the praises. Then Athaliah tore her clothes and screamed, “Treason, treason!”
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2 Chronicles 23:15 מְב֥וֹא [the] entrance of
So they seized Athaliah as she reached the entrance of the Horse Gate on the palace grounds, and there they put her to death.
Psalms · 3
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Psalm 50:1 מְבֹאֽוֹ׃ setting its
A Psalm of Asaph. The Mighty One, God the LORD, speaks and summons the earth from where the sun rises to where it sets.
Here: "Its going-in": the sun's setting, pictured as the sun entering its chamber at day's end (compare the sun's "tent" in Ps 19:4–6). Paired with "rising," it covers everything from the farthest east to the farthest west: all the earth.
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Psalm 104:19 מְבוֹאֽוֹ׃ setting its
He made the moon to mark the seasons; the sun knows when to set.
Here: "Its going-in", which means its setting. Hebrew pictured sunset as the sun "going in", like someone entering a house or tent. The word covers the time of setting and the place where it sets (the west).
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Psalm 113:3 מְבוֹא֑וֹ setting its
From where the sun rises to where it sets, the name of the LORD is praised.
Here: Literally 'its going-in', from bo, 'to come in, enter'. Hebrew pictures sunset as the sun going in, as if it entered a doorway at the western edge of the world. So 'its going-in' means the west and the setting of the sun.
Proverbs · 1
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Proverbs 8:3 מְב֖וֹא [the] entrance of
Beside the gates to the city, at the entrances she cries out:
Here: From the verb 'to come in'. It means the spot where people actually enter, the busiest point of the passage.
Jeremiah · 1
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Jeremiah 38:14 מָבוֹא֙ an entrance
Then King Zedekiah sent for Jeremiah the prophet and received him at the third entrance to the house of the LORD. “I am going to ask you something,” said the king to Jeremiah. “Do not hide anything from me.”
Ezekiel · 4
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Ezekiel 26:10 כִּמְבוֹאֵ֖י like [the] entering<s> of
His multitude of horses will cover you in their dust. When he enters your gates as an army entering a breached city, your walls will shake from the noise of cavalry, wagons, and chariots.
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Ezekiel 33:31 כִּמְבוֹא־ like [the] coming of
So My people come to you as usual, sit before you, and hear your words; but they do not put them into practice. Although they express love with their mouths, their hearts pursue dishonest gain.
Here: 'Like the coming-in of' a crowd. The word for entering or arriving makes it a public occasion, people streaming in the way they would to any gathering.
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Ezekiel 44:5 לִמְב֣וֹא to [the] entrance of
The LORD said to me: “Son of man, pay attention; look carefully with your eyes and listen closely with your ears to everything I tell you concerning all the statutes and laws of the house of the LORD. Take careful note of the entrance to the temple, along with all the exits of the sanctuary.
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Ezekiel 46:19 בַמָּבוֹא֮ in the entrance
Then the man brought me through the entrance at the side of the gate into the holy chambers facing north, which belonged to the priests, and he showed me a place there at the far western end
Zechariah · 1
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Zechariah 8:7 מְב֥וֹא [the] setting of
This is what the LORD of Hosts says: “I will save My people from the land of the east and from the land of the west.
Here: The sun's 'going in' or 'entering', the Hebrew picture of sunset. The word is the ordinary one for an entrance, as though the sun goes indoors at the end of the day.
Malachi · 1
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Malachi 1:11 מְבוֹא֗וֹ setting its
For My name will be great among the nations, from where the sun rises to where it sets. In every place, incense and pure offerings will be presented in My name, because My name will be great among the nations,” says the LORD of Hosts.
Here: Literally "its going-in": the sun is pictured as going into its chamber at evening. With "rising", it makes a pair of opposites meaning "the whole world" (east to west). It may also hint at "all day long".
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.