Hebrew word · H4583

מָעוֹן

me'on

habitation

Maʿon: dwelling, home, den (of jackals, Jer 9:11; of lions, Nah 2:11), and God's own dwelling, whether in heaven (Deut 26:15; Jer 25:30; 2 Chr 30:27) or in his sanctuary (Ps 26:8). Qodesh: holiness, the state of being set apart for God and belonging to him.

Appears 18 times in 18 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

1) dwelling, habitation, refuge

1a) lair, refuge (of jackals)

1b) dwelling

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Psalm 68:5

Range of meaning

Maʿon: dwelling, home, den (of jackals, Jer 9:11; of lions, Nah 2:11), and God's own dwelling, whether in heaven (Deut 26:15; Jer 25:30; 2 Chr 30:27) or in his sanctuary (Ps 26:8). Qodesh: holiness, the state of being set apart for God and belonging to him.

Against the English

"Holy habitation" (KJV, BSB, WEB, ESV) and "holy dwelling" (NIV) are accurate. NLT turns it into a description ("whose dwelling is holy"), which loses the sense of the place from which God acts.

Used elsewhere in the period

The closest parallel is Deut 26:15: "Look down from your holy habitation (mimmeʿon qodshekha), from heaven." That prayer is spoken right after the worshipper declares that the third-year tithe has been given "to the Levite, the sojourner, the fatherless and the widow" (26:12–13). This phrase was already linked in Israel's worship with care for the fatherless and widow.

From the study of 2 Chronicles 36:15

Range of meaning

A dwelling or lair: a den of jackals or lions (Jer 9:11; Nah 2:11), a refuge (Ps 90:1, 'you have been our dwelling place'), God's heavenly abode (Deut 26:15; 2 Chr 30:27; Jer 25:30), or his earthly sanctuary (Ps 26:8, 'the habitation of your house').

Against the English

'Dwelling place' or 'habitation' in most versions keeps the ambiguity. NLT appears to make it 'Temple'.

Used elsewhere in the period

The Septuagint reads hagiasma ('sanctuary'), and 1 Esdras has 'his tabernacle/dwelling'. Both point to the temple. In the immediate context the temple is defiled (v.14) and burned (v.19).

From the study of Psalm 71:3

Range of meaning

A dwelling or habitation. Used of an animal's den or lair (Jer 9:11; Nah 2:11, jackals and lions), of God's heavenly dwelling (Deut 26:15), and of his sanctuary (Ps 26:8). Most strikingly, Ps 90:1: 'Lord, you have been our dwelling place in all generations.'

Against the English

KJV 'strong habitation' and NASB 'rock of habitation' keep the meaning 'dwelling'. BSB, WEB, NIV and ESV ('rock of refuge') follow the variant reading ma'oz ('refuge, stronghold') found in the parallel Ps 31:3 and in many manuscripts.

Used elsewhere in the period

The 'dwelling' sense is secure across the Hebrew Bible. Ma'on and ma'oz look alike in Hebrew script (final nun ן against zayin ז) and are confused in manuscripts in more than one place, including Ps 90:1.

Where it appears

Deuteronomy · 1
  1. Deuteronomy 26:15 מִמְּע֨וֹן from [the] habitation of

    Look down from Your holy habitation, from heaven, and bless Your people Israel and the land You have given us as You swore to our fathers—a land flowing with milk and honey.”

    Here: 'From the dwelling-place of.' The noun names a lair, a den or a home. Used of God, it means where he actually lives. The verse itself says where that is: in heaven.

1 Samuel · 2
  1. 1 Samuel 2:29 מָע֑וֹן a dwelling place

    Why then do you kick at My sacrifice and offering that I have prescribed for My dwelling place? You have honored your sons more than Me by fattening yourselves with the best of all the offerings of My people Israel.’

    Here: 'Dwelling.' It most likely refers to the sanctuary at Shiloh as God's residence. It stands abruptly in the Hebrew, with no 'in' and no 'my', which is why the text is debated.

  2. 1 Samuel 2:32 מָע֔וֹן a dwelling place

    You will see distress in My dwelling place. Despite all that is good in Israel, no one in your house will ever again reach old age.

2 Chronicles · 2
  1. 2 Chronicles 30:27 לִמְע֥וֹן to [the] dwelling of

    Then the priests and the Levites stood to bless the people, and God heard their voice, and their prayer came into His holy dwelling place in heaven.

    Here: "To the dwelling of": a settled home or refuge. The words echo Deuteronomy 26:15, "from your holy dwelling, from heaven."

  2. 2 Chronicles 36:15 מְעוֹנֽוֹ׃ dwelling place his

    Again and again the LORD, the God of their fathers, sent word to His people through His messengers because He had compassion on them and on His dwelling place.

    Here: His home. In context this is the Jerusalem temple: verse 14 says it was defiled and verse 19 says it was burned. God's pity reaches even the building that bears his name.

Psalms · 5
  1. Psalm 26:8 מְע֣וֹן [the] habitation of

    O LORD, I love the house where You dwell, the place where Your glory resides.

    Here: 'The dwelling of.' A word for a lived-in home or den. It is also used for God's heavenly abode, so it hints that this earthly house is where heaven's resident actually lives.

  2. Psalm 68:5 בִּמְע֥וֹן in [the] dwelling place of

    A father of the fatherless and a defender of widows is God in His holy habitation.

    Here: "In the dwelling of." *Maʿon* is a settled home or den. It is used for God's heavenly or temple dwelling, and also for God himself as his people's home (Ps 90:1). He carries out these roles from the place where he is enthroned.

  3. Psalm 71:3 מָע֡וֹן a dwelling place

    Be my rock of refuge, where I can always go. Give the command to save me, for You are my rock and my fortress.

    Here: Stands alongside 'rock': a rock that is also a place to live. It is not only a brief hiding place but somewhere to stay. Many manuscripts and translators read the similar word ma'oz, 'refuge', instead (see textual notes).

  4. Psalm 90:1 מָע֣וֹן a dwelling place

    A prayer of Moses the man of God. Lord, You have been our dwelling place through all generations.

    Here: A place where someone lives and keeps coming back to: a home, a den, a lair. It stands first in the sentence for emphasis, so the thought is 'A home is what you have been.' Elsewhere it is usually God who has a ma'on (heaven, the sanctuary). Here God is the ma'on.

  5. Psalm 91:9 מְעוֹנֶֽךָ׃ dwelling place your

    Because you have made the LORD your dwelling—my refuge, the Most High—

    Here: "Your dwelling": the place you live and return to, used both of God's holy dwelling and of animals' dens. God is pictured as the home where the listener lives, not only a place to run in an emergency.

Jeremiah · 5
  1. Jeremiah 9:11 מְע֣וֹן a habitation of

    “And I will make Jerusalem a heap of rubble, a haunt for jackals; and I will make the cities of Judah a desolation, without inhabitant.”

    Here: 'A lair of.' The word can mean any dwelling: an animal's den, a human home, or even God's holy dwelling. Here it means a den for wild scavengers.

  2. Jeremiah 10:22 מְע֥וֹן a habitation of

    Listen! The sound of a report is coming—a great commotion from the land to the north. It will make the cities of Judah a desolation, a haunt for jackals.

  3. Jeremiah 25:30 וּמִמְּע֤וֹן and from [the] dwelling of

    So you are to prophesy all these words against them and say to them: ‘The LORD will roar from on high; He will raise His voice from His holy habitation. He will roar loudly over His pasture; like those who tread the grapes, He will call out with a shout against all the inhabitants of the earth.

    Here: Ma'on is a dwelling, often an animal's den or lair (lions in Nah 2:11; jackals in Jer 9:11). So the word suits the lion picture and also means God's dwelling place.

  4. Jeremiah 49:33 לִמְע֥וֹן <into> a habitation of

    “Hazor will become a haunt for jackals, a desolation forever. No one will dwell there; no man will abide there.”

  5. Jeremiah 51:37 מְעוֹן־ a habitation of

    Babylon will become a heap of rubble, a haunt for jackals, an object of horror and scorn, without inhabitant.

    Here: A dwelling place. It is used of God's holy dwelling and of animals' dens. Here it is bitterly ironic: the only 'residents' left in the great city will be wild animals.

Nahum · 1
  1. Nahum 2:11 מְע֣וֹן [is the] dwelling place of

    Where is the lions’ lair or the feeding ground of the young lions, where the lion and lioness prowled with their cubs, with nothing to frighten them away?

Zephaniah · 1
  1. Zephaniah 3:7 מְעוֹנָ֔הּ dwelling its

    I said, ‘Surely you will fear Me and accept correction.’ Then her dwelling place would not be cut off despite all for which I punished her. But they rose early to corrupt all their deeds.

    Here: Her home or settled place, meaning the city as somewhere people live. The same word is used of God's own dwelling (Deut 26:15), and of lairs and refuges. The speech moves here from "you" to "her".

Zechariah · 1
  1. Zechariah 2:13 מִמְּע֥וֹן from [the] dwelling place of

    Be silent before the LORD, all people, for He has roused Himself from His holy dwelling.”

    Here: "From the dwelling of". The word is used for an animal's den and for God's home. Here it means the place God comes out from. Elsewhere this exact phrase means heaven.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.