Hebrew word · H4700

מְצִלְתַּיִם

metziltayim

cymbal

Cymbals. The form marks a pair. It comes from tsalal, 'to tingle, clang.' A related word, tseltselim, appears in Ps 150:5 and 2 Sam 6:5. Metsiltayim itself occurs only in Chronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah.

Appears 13 times in 13 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

cymbals

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of 2 Chronicles 5:12

Range of meaning

Cymbals. The form marks a pair. It comes from tsalal, 'to tingle, clang.' A related word, tseltselim, appears in Ps 150:5 and 2 Sam 6:5. Metsiltayim itself occurs only in Chronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah.

Against the English

Every version has 'cymbals,' which is accurate. Readers may picture a modern drum-kit cymbal on a stand. These were hand-held bronze plates, a pair clashed together.

Used elsewhere in the period

Bronze cymbals have been found at several Iron Age and later sites in the Levant. 1 Chr 15:19 has Heman, Asaph and Ethan sounding 'bronze cymbals.' 1 Chr 16:5 has Asaph 'sounding the cymbals.' Ezra 3:10 has the sons of Asaph with cymbals at the founding of the Second Temple.

From the study of 1 Chronicles 15:16

Range of meaning

Cymbals. The dual form means a matched pair, and the word comes from tsalal, "to tingle/clang." They were bronze (v. 19). They appear only in Chronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah. Another word, tseltselim, is used in 2 Sam 6:5 and Ps 150.

Against the English

"Cymbals" is accurate. Readers should picture small bronze hand cymbals, not a drum-kit crash cymbal.

Used elsewhere in the period

1 Chr 15:19 gives the bronze cymbals to Heman, Asaph and Ethan, the three chief musicians. Ezra 3:10 has the sons of Asaph with cymbals at the founding of the Second Temple. Nehemiah 12:27 has cymbals at the dedication of the walls. Kleinig argues that in Chronicles the cymbals, held by the guild leaders, signalled the start of the song and called attention.

From the study of 1 Chronicles 15:28

Range of meaning

Cymbals. The Hebrew dual form means "a pair." The root tsll means to tingle or quiver (compare 1 Sam 3:11, "both ears will tingle"). In 15:19 they are bronze, and the three chief Levite singers play them.

Against the English

"Cymbals" is accurate. Readers may picture a modern drum-kit cymbal. These were hand-held bronze pairs, often small, struck together to give the beat and possibly to signal the start of singing.

Used elsewhere in the period

The word occurs about 13 times, all in Chronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah (e.g. Ezra 3:10; Neh 12:27). Older books use a related word, tseltselim (2 Sam 6:5; Ps 150:5). Bronze cymbals have been excavated at a number of Bronze and Iron Age sites in the Levant.

Similar words

Where it appears

1 Chronicles · 8
  1. 1 Chronicles 13:8 וּבִמְצִלְתַּ֖יִם and with cymbals

    David and all the Israelites were celebrating before God with all their might, with songs and on harps and lyres, with tambourines, cymbals, and trumpets.

    Here: The Hebrew form means 'a pair', so a pair of clashing bronze cymbals. The word appears only in Chronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah, where it is the instrument of the Levite music leaders (1 Chr 15:19).

  2. 1 Chronicles 15:16 וּמְצִלְתָּ֑יִם and cymbals

    David also told the leaders of the Levites to appoint their relatives as singers to lift up their voices with joy, accompanied by musical instruments—harps, lyres, and cymbals.

    Here: "And cymbals." The form is a dual, meaning a pair of plates struck together. Verse 19 says they were bronze and gives them to the three chief musicians.

  3. 1 Chronicles 15:19 בִּמְצִלְתַּ֥יִם with cymbals

    The musicians Heman, Asaph, and Ethan were to sound the bronze cymbals.

  4. 1 Chronicles 15:28 וּבִמְצִלְתָּ֑יִם and with cymbals

    So all Israel brought up the ark of the covenant of the LORD with shouting, with the sounding of rams’ horns and trumpets, and with cymbals and the music of harps and lyres.

    Here: "And with cymbals." The Hebrew form means a pair of things. These were bronze cymbals (15:19) played by the Levite chief singers Heman, Asaph and Ethan. The word appears only in Chronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah.

  5. 1 Chronicles 16:5 בַּֽמְצִלְתַּ֥יִם with <the> cymbals

    Asaph was the chief, Zechariah was second, then Jeiel, Shemiramoth, Jehiel, Mattithiah, Eliab, Benaiah, Obed-edom, and Jeiel. They were to play the harps and lyres, while Asaph sounded the cymbals

  6. 1 Chronicles 16:42 וּמְצִלְתַּ֙יִם֙ and cymbals

    Heman and Jeduthun had with them trumpets and cymbals for the music and instruments for the songs of God. And the sons of Jeduthun were stationed at the gate.

  7. 1 Chronicles 25:1 וּבִמְצִלְתָּ֑יִם and with cymbals

    Additionally, David and the commanders of the army set apart some of the sons of Asaph, Heman, and Jeduthun to prophesy with the accompaniment of lyres, harps, and cymbals. The following is the list of the men who performed this service:

    Here: The dual form means 'a pair of cymbals': bronze clashing plates (cf. 15:19, where Heman, Asaph and Ethan sound bronze cymbals). They probably marked the start of songs and kept rhythm.

  8. 1 Chronicles 25:6 בִּמְצִלְתַּ֙יִם֙ with cymbals

    All these were under the direction of their fathers for the music of the house of the LORD with cymbals, harps, and lyres, for the service of the house of God. Asaph, Jeduthun, and Heman were under the direction of the king.

2 Chronicles · 3
  1. 2 Chronicles 5:12 בִּמְצִלְתַּ֙יִם֙ with cymbals

    all the Levitical singers—Asaph, Heman, Jeduthun, and their sons and relatives—stood on the east side of the altar, dressed in fine linen and playing cymbals, harps, and lyres, accompanied by 120 priests sounding trumpets.

    Here: The ending marks a pair (the Hebrew 'dual'): one pair of bronze cymbals struck together. In Chronicles the cymbals belong to the guild leaders and appear to set the start and beat (1 Chr 15:19; 16:5).

  2. 2 Chronicles 5:13 וּבִמְצִלְתַּ֜יִם and with [the] cymbals

    The trumpeters and singers joined together to praise and thank the LORD with one voice. They lifted up their voices, accompanied by trumpets, cymbals, and musical instruments, in praise to the LORD: “For He is good; His loving devotion endures forever.” And the temple, the house of the LORD, was filled with a cloud

    Here: The form means “a pair.” These were bronze cymbals clashed together (1 Chr 15:19). In the Chronicler's account they mark the start of the praise and its rhythm.

  3. 2 Chronicles 29:25 בִּמְצִלְתַּ֙יִם֙ with cymbals

    Hezekiah stationed the Levites in the house of the LORD with cymbals, harps, and lyres according to the command of David, of Gad the king’s seer, and of Nathan the prophet. For the command had come from the LORD through His prophets.

    Here: "With cymbals." The word has a dual ending, meaning a pair: two bronze plates struck together. In Chronicles the cymbals are played by the music leaders (Asaph in 1 Chr 16:5).

Ezra · 1
  1. Ezra 3:10 בַּֽמְצִלְתַּ֔יִם with <the> cymbals

    When the builders had laid the foundation of the temple of the LORD, the priests in their apparel with trumpets, and the Levites (the sons of Asaph) with cymbals, took their positions to praise the LORD, as David king of Israel had prescribed.

    Here: The form is dual, meaning a pair of clashing bronze cymbals. Asaph himself played them (1 Chr 16:5). They probably marked the start of the singing and the breaks in it, rather than keeping a running beat.

Nehemiah · 1
  1. Nehemiah 12:27 מְצִלְתַּ֖יִם cymbals

    At the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem, the Levites were sought out from all their homes and brought to Jerusalem to celebrate the joyous dedication with thanksgiving and singing, accompanied by cymbals, harps, and lyres.

    Here: A dual form, meaning a pair of bronze cymbals struck together. In temple music these marked the start of the song and its rhythm (1 Chr 15:19; 16:5).

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.