Hebrew word · H511

אֶלְקָנָה

'elkanah

Elkanah

A sentence name: ʾēl ('God') + qānāh ('to acquire, get', and also 'to create, bring into being', as in Gen 14:19, 22). So it means 'God has acquired/created' or 'God has produced (a child)'.

Appears 21 times in 20 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Sa.1.1;

son of: Jeroham (H3395); married to Hannah (H2584) and Peninnah (H6444);

father of: Samuel (H8050)

§ Elkanah = "God has possessed" or "God has created"

1) Samuel's father

2) a ruler in Jerusalem in the time of king Ahaz

3) one of David's mighty warriors

4) son of Korah

5) several Levites

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of 1 Samuel 1:1

Range of meaning

A sentence name: ʾēl ('God') + qānāh ('to acquire, get', and also 'to create, bring into being', as in Gen 14:19, 22). So it means 'God has acquired/created' or 'God has produced (a child)'.

Against the English

English versions simply transliterate the name. Its meaning is lost on readers, though Hebrew hearers would have caught it.

Used elsewhere in the period

Several men in the line of Korah, a Levite family, are named Elkanah (Exod 6:24; 1 Chr 6:23–36). In 1 Chronicles 6:26–28, 33–35 Samuel's own father appears in a Levite family line descended from Kohath.

Where it appears

Exodus · 1
  1. Exodus 6:24 וְאֶלְקָנָ֖ה and Elkanah

    The sons of Korah were Assir, Elkanah, and Abiasaph. These were the clans of the Korahites.

1 Samuel · 8
  1. 1 Samuel 1:1 אֶ֠לְקָנָה [was] Elkanah

    Now there was a man named Elkanah who was from Ramathaim-zophim in the hill country of Ephraim. He was the son of Jeroham, the son of Elihu, the son of Tohu, the son of Zuph, an Ephraimite.

    Here: Means 'God has created' or 'God has acquired'. It was a common name, and several Levites in the family of Korah bore it (Exod 6:24; 1 Chr 6).

  2. 1 Samuel 1:4 אֶלְקָנָ֑ה Elkanah

    And whenever the day came for Elkanah to present his sacrifice, he would give portions to his wife Peninnah and to all her sons and daughters.

  3. 1 Samuel 1:8 אֶלְקָנָ֣ה Elkanah

    “Hannah, why are you crying?” her husband Elkanah asked. “Why won’t you eat? Why is your heart so grieved? Am I not better to you than ten sons?”

  4. 1 Samuel 1:19 אֶלְקָנָה֙ Elkanah

    The next morning they got up early to bow in worship before the LORD, and then they returned home to Ramah. And Elkanah had relations with his wife Hannah, and the LORD remembered her.

    Here: Hannah's husband, an Ephraimite from Ramah (1:1). His name probably means 'God has created' or 'God has acquired'.

  5. 1 Samuel 1:21 אֶלְקָנָ֖ה Elkanah

    Then Elkanah and all his house went up to make the annual sacrifice to the LORD and to fulfill his vow,

  6. 1 Samuel 1:23 אֶלְקָנָ֨ה Elkanah

    “Do what you think is best,” her husband Elkanah replied, “and stay here until you have weaned him. Only may the LORD confirm His word.” So Hannah stayed and nursed her son until she had weaned him.

  7. 1 Samuel 2:11 אֶלְקָנָ֛ה Elkanah

    Then Elkanah went home to Ramah, but the boy began ministering to the LORD before Eli the priest.

  8. 1 Samuel 2:20 אֶלְקָנָ֣ה Elkanah

    And Eli would bless Elkanah and his wife, saying, “May the LORD give you children by this woman in place of the one she dedicated to the LORD.” Then they would go home.

1 Chronicles · 11
  1. 1 Chronicles 6:23 אֶלְקָנָ֥ה Elkanah

    Elkanah his son, Ebiasaph his son, Assir his son,

  2. 1 Chronicles 6:25 אֶלְקָנָ֔ה Elkanah

    The descendants of Elkanah: Amasai, Ahimoth,

  3. 1 Chronicles 6:26 אֶלְקָנָ֑ה אֶלְקָנָ֔ה Elkanah

    Elkanah his son, Zophai his son, Nahath his son,

  4. 1 Chronicles 6:27 אֶלְקָנָ֥ה Elkanah

    Eliab his son, Jeroham his son, and Elkanah his son.

  5. 1 Chronicles 6:34 אֶלְקָנָה֙ Elkanah

    the son of Elkanah, the son of Jeroham, the son of Eliel, the son of Toah,

  6. 1 Chronicles 6:35 אֶלְקָנָ֔ה Elkanah

    the son of Zuph, the son of Elkanah, the son of Mahath, the son of Amasai,

  7. 1 Chronicles 6:36 אֶלְקָנָה֙ Elkanah

    the son of Elkanah, the son of Joel, the son of Azariah, the son of Zephaniah,

  8. 1 Chronicles 9:16 אֶלְקָנָ֔ה Elkanah

    Obadiah son of Shemaiah, the son of Galal, the son of Jeduthun; and Berechiah son of Asa, the son of Elkanah, who lived in the villages of the Netophathites.

  9. 1 Chronicles 12:6 אֶלְקָנָ֡ה Elkanah

    Elkanah, Isshiah, Azarel, Joezer, and Jashobeam, who were Korahites;

    Here: A personal name meaning roughly "God has created" or "God has acquired" (ʾel 'God' + qanah 'create, get, acquire'). It was a common name among Levites (Samuel's father was an Elkanah, 1 Samuel 1:1), which partly explains why some readers take this group as Levites.

  10. 1 Chronicles 15:23 וְאֶלְקָנָ֔ה and Elkanah

    Berechiah and Elkanah were to be guardians of the ark.

2 Chronicles · 1
  1. 2 Chronicles 28:7 אֶלְקָנָ֖ה Elkanah

    Zichri, a mighty man of Ephraim, killed Maaseiah the son of the king, Azrikam the governor of the palace, and Elkanah the second to the king.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.