Hebrew word · H5423
נָתַק
nitak
to tear
To pull, tear or snap apart (cords, roots, bonds). In this form (the hiphil), to draw or drag away, to separate something from where it belongs.
Appears 27 times in 26 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
1) to pull or tear or draw off or away or apart, draw out, pluck up, break, lift, root out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to draw away
1a2) to draw or pull off
1a3) to pull or tear away
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be drawn away, be drawn out
1b2) to be torn apart or in two, be snapped
1b3) to be separated
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to tear apart, snap
1c2) to tear out, tear up, tear away
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to draw away
1d2) to drag away
1e) (Hophal) to be drawn away
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of Jeremiah 12:3
- Range of meaning
To pull, tear or snap apart (cords, roots, bonds). In this form (the hiphil), to draw or drag away, to separate something from where it belongs.
- Against the English
KJV and WEB "pull them out" keeps the picture of separating animals from the flock. "Drag away" (BSB, NASB) stresses force. Both are fair.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Josh 8:6 (Israel plans to "draw away" Ai's defenders from the city). Judg 20:31–32. The plain stem is used of tearing out a tent cord (Jer 10:20) and of uprooting (Jer 22:24).
From the study of Psalm 107:14
- Range of meaning
Pull off, draw away, tear apart, snap. In the intensive (Piel) form used here: snap or rip apart forcibly. In the passive: be torn away, be broken (Ecclesiastes 4:12, "a threefold cord is not quickly broken").
- Against the English
KJV's "brake… in sunder", ESV's "burst… apart" and NLT's "snapped" capture the force. BSB and WEB "broke away" are adequate. YLT's "draweth away" keeps the root sense of pulling off but loses the violence.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Samson "snapped (wayənattēq) the bowstrings as a strand of tow snaps" and "snapped the new ropes off his arms like thread" (Judges 16:9, 12). The verb is used with "bonds" in Nahum 1:13, Jeremiah 2:20, 5:5 and 30:8, and in Psalm 2:3.
- Range of meaning
To pull or tear away, or to snap something that holds. In the intensive form used here (Piel), it means to burst or tear apart bonds or ropes. In the passive forms it means to be snapped or broken (Eccl 4:12, "a threefold cord is not quickly broken"). It can also mean drawing someone away (Judg 20:31).
- Against the English
"Break" (BSB, NIV-type versions) is correct but general. "Burst" or "snap" better catches the image of pulling against a binding until it gives way. YLT's "draw off" follows a less common sense of the root and is weaker here.
- Used elsewhere in the period
It is used in the Samson stories, which also share this verse's noun for rope: Samson "snapped" (wayənattəqēm) the new ropes (ʿăbōtîm) off his arms like a thread (Judg 16:12; compare 16:9). It is the standard verb for breaking a yoke's bonds: Jer 2:20 (Israel: "you burst your bonds" and said "I will not serve"), Jer 5:5, Jer 30:8 and Nah 1:13 (God bursting a foreign oppressor's bonds), all using the same noun mōsērôt.
Where it appears
Leviticus · 1
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Leviticus 22:24 וְנָת֣וּק and [one which] is torn
You are not to present to the LORD an animal whose testicles are bruised, crushed, torn, or cut; you are not to sacrifice them in your land.
Joshua · 3
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Joshua 4:18 נִתְּק֗וּ they were drawn out
When the priests carrying the ark of the covenant of the LORD came up out of the Jordan and their feet touched the dry land, the waters of the Jordan returned to their course and overflowed all the banks as before.
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Joshua 8:6 הַתִּיקֵ֤נוּ have drawn out we
They will pursue us until we have drawn them away from the city, for they will say, ‘The Israelites are running away from us as they did before.’ So as we flee from them,
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Joshua 8:16 וַיִּנָּתְק֖וּ and they were drawn out
Then all the men of Ai were summoned to pursue them, and they followed Joshua and were drawn away from the city.
Here: The verb pictures something being pulled loose or snapped away, like a rope torn from its anchor. Ai's defenders are pulled loose from the city they are meant to guard. This is the very verb Joshua used for the plan in v. 6 ('until we have drawn them away from the city').
Judges · 5
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Judges 16:9 וַיְנַתֵּק֙ יִנָּתֵ֤ק and he tore apart, it is torn apart
While the men were hidden in her room, she called out, “Samson, the Philistines are here!” But he snapped the bowstrings like a strand of yarn seared by a flame. So the source of his strength remained unknown.
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Judges 16:12 וַֽיְנַתְּקֵ֛ם and he tore apart them
So Delilah took new ropes, tied him up with them, and called out, “Samson, the Philistines are here!” But while the men were hidden in her room, he snapped the ropes off his arms like they were threads.
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Judges 20:31 הָנְתְּק֖וּ they were drawn away
The Benjamites came out against them and were drawn away from the city. They began to attack the people as before, killing about thirty men of Israel in the fields and on the roads, one of which led up to Bethel and the other to Gibeah.
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Judges 20:32 וּֽנְתַקְּנֻ֔הוּ and we will draw away him
“We are defeating them as before,” said the Benjamites. But the Israelites said, “Let us retreat and draw them away from the city onto the roads.”
Job · 2
Psalms · 2
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Psalm 2:3 נְֽ֭נַתְּקָה let us tear off
“Let us break Their chains and cast away Their cords.”
Here: "Let us snap them apart!" The verb form is the stronger one (Piel) used for violently tearing or snapping something that binds. The ending -āh marks a call to joint action: the rulers are urging one another on, like conspirators.
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Psalm 107:14 יְנַתֵּֽק׃ he tore apart
He brought them out of darkness and the shadow of death and broke away their chains.
Here: "He snapped apart." This intensive form is the verb used when Samson snapped ropes and bowstrings like thread (Judges 16:9, 12). It is violent and decisive. Placed at the very end of the line, it closes the scene with the sound of bonds giving way.
Ecclesiastes · 1
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Ecclesiastes 4:12 יִנָּתֵֽק׃ it will be torn apart
And though one may be overpowered, two can resist. Moreover, a cord of three strands is not quickly broken.
Isaiah · 3
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Isaiah 5:27 נִתַּ֖ק it has been torn apart
None of them grows weary or stumbles; no one slumbers or sleeps. No belt is loose and no sandal strap is broken.
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Isaiah 33:20 יִנָּתֵֽקוּ׃ they will be torn apart
Look upon Zion, the city of our appointed feasts. Your eyes will see Jerusalem, a peaceful pasture, a tent that does not wander; its tent pegs will not be pulled up, nor will any of its cords be broken.
Here: 'Will be snapped': the word for ropes breaking under strain (Judg 16:9; Eccl 4:12, 'a threefold cord is not quickly snapped'). Jeremiah later uses the same verb of Jerusalem's ruin: 'my tent is destroyed, all my cords are snapped' (Jer 10:20).
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Isaiah 58:6 תְּנַתֵּֽקוּ׃ you will tear apart
Isn’t this the fast that I have chosen: to break the chains of wickedness, to untie the cords of the yoke, to set the oppressed free and tear off every yoke?
Here: 'You (plural) will snap.' The verb is used of Samson snapping his cords (Judg 16:9) and of breaking bonds (Ps 2:3; Jer 5:5). The verse switches from definitions to direct address: you, the people who fast, must break the yoke so it cannot be put back on.
Jeremiah · 7
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Jeremiah 2:20 נִתַּ֙קְתִּי֙ I tore off
“For long ago you broke your yoke and tore off your chains, saying, ‘I will not serve!’ Indeed, on every high hill and under every green tree you lay down as a prostitute.
Here: 'You tore off' (or 'I tore off'). It is a violent verb, used for snapping cords and ropes (Judges 16:9).
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Jeremiah 5:5 נִתְּק֖וּ they had torn off
I will go to the powerful and speak to them. Surely they know the way of the LORD, the justice of their God.” But they too, with one accord, had broken the yoke and torn off the chains.
Here: An intensive form, 'they snapped' or 'tore loose'. It pictures an animal straining until the straps give way.
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Jeremiah 6:29 נִתָּֽקוּ׃ they have been separated
The bellows blow fiercely, blasting away the lead with fire. The refining proceeds in vain, for the wicked are not purged.
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Jeremiah 10:20 נִתָּ֑קוּ they have been snapped
My tent is destroyed, and all its ropes are snapped. My sons have departed from me and are no more. I have no one left to pitch my tent or set up my curtains.
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Jeremiah 12:3 הַתִּקֵם֙ drag away them
But You know me, O LORD; You see me and test my heart toward You. Drag away the wicked like sheep to the slaughter and set them apart for the day of carnage.
Here: "Tear them out!" or "Drag them off!", a command. The word pictures pulling animals out of a flock and separating them from the rest. It is used elsewhere of drawing an enemy force away from its city (Josh 8:6).
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Jeremiah 22:24 אֶתְּקֶֽנְךָּ׃ I will pull off you
“As surely as I live,” declares the LORD, “even if you, Coniah son of Jehoiakim king of Judah, were a signet ring on My right hand, I would pull you off.
Here: "I will tear you off." The verb is used for snapping cords and ripping things loose, so the removal is forceful. The sentence also switches suddenly from speaking about Coniah to speaking to him ("you").
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Jeremiah 30:8 אֲנַתֵּ֑ק I will tear apart
On that day, declares the LORD of Hosts, I will break the yoke off their necks and tear off their bonds, and no longer will strangers enslave them.
Here: 'I will snap'. The verb form is intensive: the straps are torn right through, so the yoke cannot be tied on again.
Ezekiel · 2
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Ezekiel 17:9 יְנַתֵּ֜ק will it pull up
So you are to tell them that this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘Will it flourish? Will it not be uprooted and stripped of its fruit so that it shrivels? All its foliage will wither! It will not take a strong arm or many people to pull it up by its roots.
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Ezekiel 23:34 תְּנַתֵּ֑קִי you will tear out
You will drink it and drain it; you will dash it to pieces, and tear your breasts. For I have spoken,’ declares the Lord GOD.
Nahum · 1
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Nahum 1:13 אֲנַתֵּֽק׃ I will tear apart
For I will now break their yoke from your neck and tear away your shackles.”
Here: In this verb form the meaning is 'rip apart, snap in two', and it is used for cords and straps (Judg 16:9, 12; Ps 2:3; Jer 2:20). Once the straps are torn the yoke cannot be put back on. The verse ends on that word.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.