עָזַר

From the study of Isaiah 41:10

Range of meaning

To help, aid, come to the rescue. Often military (allies helping in battle, 1 Kgs 20:16; 2 Sam 8:5). Often God as the one who rescues (Ps 121:1–2; Ps 46:1). The noun ʿēzer is used of God as Israel's help (Deut 33:29).

Against the English

English "help" can sound like a small assist to someone doing most of the work. ʿāzar is usually decisive aid from someone stronger, supplying what the helped party cannot.

How it drifted

General weakening of English "help" in everyday use.

Used elsewhere in the period

Isa 41:6 "each helps (yaʿzōrû) his neighbour" (the idol-makers); 41:13–14 "I will help you" (twice); 44:2; 49:8; 50:7, 9 "the Lord GOD helps me."

From the study of Isaiah 30:7

Range of meaning

To help or support, especially to come to someone's aid in war. The related noun ‘ezer, 'help, helper', is used of God as Israel's help (Ps 121:1–2; Deut 33:29).

Against the English

All versions say 'help'. BSB turns it into a noun ('Egypt's help').

Used elsewhere in the period

Isa 31:1–3, the twin oracle: 'Woe to those who go down to Egypt for help (‘ezrah)… the helper (‘ozer) will stumble, and the one helped will fall.'

From the study of Isaiah 41:13

Range of meaning

Help, aid, support, come to someone's rescue. It is often military: allies who "come to help" in battle (Josh 10:4, 6, 33; 1 Kgs 20:16; 2 Sam 8:5). The related noun ʿēzer is used mostly of God (Ps 121:1–2; Deut 33:29) and does not suggest a junior or minor helper.

Against the English

Most versions say "I will help you." YLT says "I have helped thee," keeping the Hebrew verb form. ESV rephrases as an identity, "I am the one who helps you."

How it drifted

Everyday English "help" often means a small assist with something you mostly manage yourself. The Hebrew word in a battle setting means a stronger party stepping in decisively.

Used elsewhere in the period

Isa 41:10, 14; 44:2; 49:8; 50:7, 9 ("the Lord YHWH helps me"). Ps 46:5, "God will help her when morning dawns," said of a besieged city.