Hebrew word · H6138

עֶקְרוֹן

ekron

Ekron

A proper name for one city. Its origin is uncertain. It looks like the Semitic root ʿ-q-r, "to uproot, pluck up", or the related word for "barren", but the Philistines may have adapted an older local name, so the etymology is not secure.

Appears 22 times in 20 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

Ekron = "emigration" or "torn up by the roots"

the most northerly of the 5 principal cities of the Philistines; located in the lowlands of Judah and later given to Dan

Also named: eq.ro.ni (עֶקְרוֹנִי "Ekron" H6139)

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Joshua 15:45

Range of meaning

A proper name for one city. Its origin is uncertain. It looks like the Semitic root ʿ-q-r, "to uproot, pluck up", or the related word for "barren", but the Philistines may have adapted an older local name, so the etymology is not secure.

Against the English

Every English version simply transliterates it as "Ekron". The only thing a reader misses is the possible sound-play on "uprooting" that the prophets later used.

Used elsewhere in the period

Assyrian records call it Amqarruna. Sennacherib's annals (701 BCE) tell how Ekron's king Padi was handed over to Hezekiah of Judah and later put back on his throne. The Ekron royal dedicatory inscription, found in 1996 at Tel Miqne, names "Ekron" (ʿqrn) and its ruler Achish (ʾkyš) son of Padi, and confirms the site's identity. In the Bible, Ekron is one of the five Philistine lords' cities (Josh 13:3; 1 Sam 6:17). The ark is sent there (1 Sam 5:10). It is home to Baal-zebub (2 Kgs 1:2). Zephaniah 2:4 plays on the name: wəʿeqrôn tēʿāqēr, "and Ekron shall be uprooted."

From the study of Joshua 15:46

Range of meaning

A proper name: Ekron, one of the five Philistine 'lord' cities (Josh 13:3; 1 Sam 6:17). It is identified with Tel Miqne / Khirbet el-Muqanna'. The name may come from a root meaning 'to uproot', but that is uncertain.

Against the English

Rendered 'Ekron' in all versions. The Greek has Akkarōn.

Used elsewhere in the period

The Ekron royal dedicatory inscription found at Tel Miqne in 1996 names the city ('qrn) and its 7th-century kings Ikausu (Achish) and Padi, who are also known from Assyrian records. This confirms the identification.

Where it appears

Joshua · 5
  1. Joshua 13:3 עֶקְרוֹן֙ Ekron

    from the Shihor east of Egypt to the territory of Ekron on the north (considered to be Canaanite territory)—that of the five Philistine rulers of Gaza, Ashdod, Ashkelon, Gath, and Ekron, as well as that of the Avvites;

    Here: The inland Philistine city at modern Tel Miqne. It is the northern anchor of the Philistine zone described here.

  2. Joshua 15:11 עֶקְרוֹן֮ Ekron

    Then it went out to the northern slope of Ekron, curved toward Shikkeron, proceeded to Mount Baalah, went on to Jabneel, and ended at the Sea.

    Here: Ekron, the northernmost of the five Philistine cities, usually identified with Tel Miqne. It is a reference point here; the verse does not claim that Israel held the city.

  3. Joshua 15:45 עֶקְר֥וֹן Ekron

    Ekron, with its towns and villages;

    Here: The northernmost of the five main Philistine cities, on the inland edge of the coastal plain. It stands first in this short list, and the next verses describe the territory running from Ekron to the sea (v. 46) and on to Ashdod and Gaza (v. 47).

  4. Joshua 15:46 מֵעֶקְר֖וֹן from Ekron

    from Ekron to the sea, all the cities near Ashdod, along with their villages;

    Here: Ekron was the most inland and northern of the five Philistine cities, so it is the starting point for a strip of land running west from it. The prefix 'from' marks where the territory begins.

  5. Joshua 19:43 וְעֶקְרֽוֹן׃ and Ekron

    Elon, Timnah, Ekron,

Judges · 1
  1. Judges 1:18 עֶקְר֖וֹן Ekron

    And Judah also captured Gaza, Ashkelon, and Ekron—each with its territory.

1 Samuel · 7
  1. 1 Samuel 5:10 עֶקְר֑וֹן עֶקְר֔וֹן Ekron

    So they sent the ark of God to Ekron, but as it arrived, the Ekronites cried out, “They have brought us the ark of the God of Israel in order to kill us and our people!”

  2. 1 Samuel 6:16 עֶקְר֖וֹן Ekron

    And when the five rulers of the Philistines saw this, they returned to Ekron that same day.

  3. 1 Samuel 6:17 לְעֶקְר֥וֹן for Ekron

    As a guilt offering to the LORD, the Philistines had sent back one gold tumor for each city: Ashdod, Gaza, Ashkelon, Gath, and Ekron.

  4. 1 Samuel 7:14 מֵעֶקְר֣וֹן from Ekron

    The cities from Ekron to Gath, which the Philistines had taken, were restored to Israel, who also delivered the surrounding territory from the hand of the Philistines. And there was peace between the Israelites and the Amorites.

  5. 1 Samuel 17:52 עֶקְר֑וֹן עֶקְרֽוֹן׃ Ekron

    Then the men of Israel and Judah charged forward with a shout and pursued the Philistines to the entrance of Gath and to the gates of Ekron. And the bodies of the Philistines were strewn along the Shaaraim road to Gath and Ekron.

2 Kings · 4
  1. 2 Kings 1:2 עֶקְר֔וֹן Ekron

    Now Ahaziah had fallen through the lattice of his upper room in Samaria and injured himself. So he sent messengers and instructed them: “Go inquire of Baal-zebub, the god of Ekron, whether I will recover from this injury.”

    Here: Ekron was one of the five Philistine cities, about 40 miles (65 km) southwest of Samaria. To consult its god, the king of Israel had to send envoys out of his own country to a traditional enemy's shrine.

  2. 2 Kings 1:3 עֶקְרֽוֹן׃ Ekron

    But the angel of the LORD said to Elijah the Tishbite, “Go up to meet the messengers of the king of Samaria and ask them, ‘Is it because there is no God in Israel that you are on your way to inquire of Baal-zebub, the god of Ekron?’

    Here: The northernmost of the five chief Philistine cities (modern Tel Miqne), roughly 40 miles (65 km) southwest of Samaria. It was foreign territory, belonging to Israel's old enemies.

  3. 2 Kings 1:6 עֶקְר֑וֹן Ekron

    They replied, “A man came up to meet us and said, ‘Go back to the king who sent you and tell him that this is what the LORD says: Is it because there is no God in Israel that you are sending these men to inquire of Baal-zebub, the god of Ekron? Therefore you will not get up from the bed on which you are lying. You will surely die.’”

  4. 2 Kings 1:16 עֶקְרוֹן֒ Ekron

    And Elijah said to King Ahaziah, “This is what the LORD says: Is there really no God in Israel for you to inquire of His word? Is that why you have sent messengers to inquire of Baal-zebub, the god of Ekron? Therefore you will not get up from the bed on which you are lying. You will surely die.”

Jeremiah · 1
  1. Jeremiah 25:20 עֶקְר֔וֹן Ekron

    all the mixed tribes; all the kings of Uz; all the kings of the Philistines: Ashkelon, Gaza, Ekron, and the remnant of Ashdod;

    Here: Ekron was an inland city with a large olive-oil industry under Assyrian rule. It was destroyed by Babylon around 603 BC.

Amos · 1
  1. Amos 1:8 עֶקְר֗וֹן Ekron

    I will cut off the ruler of Ashdod and the one who wields the scepter in Ashkelon. I will turn My hand against Ekron, and the remnant of the Philistines will perish,” says the Lord GOD.

    Here: Ekron was the most inland and northern of the Philistine cities, on the border with Judah. It is usually identified with Tel Miqne.

Zephaniah · 1
  1. Zephaniah 2:4 וְעֶקְר֖וֹן and Ekron

    For Gaza will be abandoned, and Ashkelon left in ruins. Ashdod will be driven out at noon, and Ekron will be uprooted.

    Here: The northernmost Philistine city, inland. Its name sets up the closing pun.

Zechariah · 2
  1. Zechariah 9:5 וְעֶקְר֖וֹן and Ekron

    Ashkelon will see and fear; Gaza will writhe in agony, as will Ekron, for her hope will wither. There will cease to be a king in Gaza, and Ashkelon will be uninhabited.

  2. Zechariah 9:7 וְעֶקְר֖וֹן and Ekron

    I will remove the blood from their mouths and the abominations from between their teeth. Then they too will become a remnant for our God; they will become like a clan in Judah, and Ekron will be like the Jebusites.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.