Hebrew word · H6490

פִּקּוּד

fikudeicha

precept

An instruction or charge given by someone with authority. It comes from pāqad, 'to attend to, inspect, appoint, muster, entrust, assign'. The noun appears only in the Psalms (24 times, 21 of them in Ps 119; also Ps 19:8 [Eng. 19:8], 103:18, 111:7).

Appears 24 times in 24 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

precept, statute

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Psalm 119:15

Range of meaning

An instruction or charge given by someone with authority. It comes from pāqad, 'to attend to, inspect, appoint, muster, entrust, assign'. The noun appears only in the Psalms (24 times, 21 of them in Ps 119; also Ps 19:8 [Eng. 19:8], 103:18, 111:7).

Against the English

'Precepts' (KJV, BSB, ESV, NIV, NASB) is accurate but bookish. The Hebrew word suggests an assignment from a master who keeps watch over his servant: something you have been put in charge of.

Used elsewhere in the period

Its root pāqad is used for officials who oversee (pāqîd, 'overseer', Gen 41:34) and for God 'visiting' or attending to people. Psalm 119 rotates eight near-synonyms for God's instruction (torah, testimonies, precepts, statutes, commandments, judgments, word, saying), and piqqûdîm is one of them. The Septuagint usually renders it with entolai, 'commandments'.

From the study of Psalm 119:69

Range of meaning

Charge, precept, appointed instruction. From pāqad, 'to attend to, visit, appoint, muster, hold accountable,' the verb used for an overseer assigning tasks and checking them. Piqqûdîm are the specific responsibilities God has placed on his people.

Against the English

'Precepts' is accurate but abstract. The Hebrew sounds more like duties assigned by a master who will come back and inspect them.

Used elsewhere in the period

Found only in the Psalms: 21 times in Psalm 119, plus Ps 19:8, 103:18 and 111:7.

From the study of Psalm 119:128

Range of meaning

The word comes from the root p-q-d: to attend to, inspect, appoint, muster, put in charge. A piqqûd is something appointed or charged, an instruction laid on someone by an authority who oversees them. Outside Psalm 119 it appears only in Psalms 19:8 and 103:18 (always plural). In Psalm 119 it appears 21 times as one of eight near-synonyms for God's instruction (law, testimonies, statutes, commandments, judgments, word, saying, precepts).

Against the English

'Precepts' (most versions) is accurate but abstract. KJV 'precepts', YLT 'appointments' (closer to the root, though YLT adds 'my', which is not in the Hebrew). The English loses the picture of an overseer who gives specific charges and cares whether they are carried out.

Used elsewhere in the period

The noun is late and almost confined to the Psalms. The root p-q-d is everywhere in biblical Hebrew (e.g. paqid, 'overseer', Gen 41:34). Dead Sea Scrolls texts use the root for appointed duties and for oversight within the community.

Where it appears

Psalms · 24
  1. Psalm 19:8 פִּקּ֘וּדֵ֤י [the] precepts of

    The precepts of the LORD are right, bringing joy to the heart; the commandments of the LORD are radiant, giving light to the eyes.

    Here: The specific instructions God has laid on his people, as an overseer gives orders to those in his care. It comes from the verb paqad, "to attend to, appoint, put in charge".

  2. Psalm 103:18 פִ֝קֻּדָ֗יו <of> precepts his

    to those who keep His covenant and remember to obey His precepts.

    Here: "His precepts": specific instructions God has laid on his people. The word comes from a verb for appointing or putting someone in charge, so it suggests charges given by someone with authority. It is mostly a Psalms word (Ps 19 and 119).

  3. Psalm 111:7 פִּקּוּדָֽיו׃ precepts his

    The works of His hands are truth and justice; all His precepts are trustworthy.

    Here: "His precepts": specific charges God has laid down and entrusted to his people. The word comes from a verb for appointing, assigning and overseeing. It is found only in the Psalms.

  4. Psalm 119:4 פִקֻּדֶ֗יךָ precepts your

    You have ordained Your precepts, that we should keep them diligently.

    Here: 'Your charges': specific instructions entrusted by someone in authority, from a root used of overseers who assign duties. 'Your' marks them as God's own. This is the direct object, so God 'commanded his charges'; the people receiving them are not named.

  5. Psalm 119:15 בְּפִקֻּדֶ֥יךָ on precepts your

    I will meditate on Your precepts and regard Your ways.

    Here: "On / in your precepts." The instructions God has laid on his servant, as an overseer gives orders. The prefix bĕ- ("in, on") is the letter Bet, which this stanza (vv. 9–16) has to begin every line with. Putting the word first stresses what the musing is about.

  6. Psalm 119:27 פִּקּוּדֶ֥יךָ precepts your

    Make clear to me the way of Your precepts; then I will meditate on Your wonders.

    Here: 'Your precepts': instructions God has appointed and given to his servant, the way an overseer gives out duties. Together with 'way' it means the path these charges mark out.

  7. Psalm 119:40 לְפִקֻּדֶ֑יךָ for precepts your

    How I long for Your precepts! Revive me in Your righteousness.

    Here: "for your precepts." From the root paqad ("to oversee, appoint, assign"), these are the duties and instructions a master hands to the people in his care. The psalmist longs for them, not merely puts up with them.

  8. Psalm 119:45 פִקֻּדֶ֣יךָ precepts your

    And I will walk in freedom, for I have sought Your precepts.

    Here: Charges or instructions God has appointed and entrusted to someone; one of the eight words Psalm 119 uses for God's instruction. It is put first in its clause for emphasis: it is *your precepts* that I have sought.

  9. Psalm 119:56 פִקֻּדֶ֣יךָ precepts your

    This is my practice, for I obey Your precepts.

    Here: 'Your precepts.' These are the specific charges that God, as the one who oversees and assigns, has laid on his servant. The word is placed first in its clause for emphasis: 'your precepts, those I have kept.'

  10. Psalm 119:63 פִּקּוּדֶֽיךָ׃ <of> precepts your

    I am a friend to all who fear You, and to those who keep Your precepts.

    Here: 'Your precepts'. The word comes from a root meaning 'to oversee, appoint, give a charge'. These are instructions laid down by someone with authority who attends to the details. It is one of the eight words for God's instruction that run through Psalm 119.

  11. Psalm 119:69 פִּקּוּדֶֽיךָ׃ precepts your

    Though the arrogant have smeared me with lies, I keep Your precepts with all my heart.

    Here: 'Your charges': specific duties God has appointed. The root pāqad is about an overseer assigning and checking responsibilities. It is one of the eight or so synonyms for God's instruction that run through Psalm 119.

  12. Psalm 119:78 בְּפִקּוּדֶֽיךָ׃ on precepts your

    May the arrogant be put to shame for subverting me with a lie; I will meditate on Your precepts.

    Here: 'On your precepts.' These are the specific charges God has entrusted to his servant, the way an overseer gives orders. The word is used only in the Psalms.

  13. Psalm 119:87 פִקֻּודֶֽיךָ׃ precepts your

    They almost wiped me from the earth, but I have not forsaken Your precepts.

  14. Psalm 119:93 פִּקּוּדֶ֑יךָ precepts your

    I will never forget Your precepts, for by them You have revived me.

    Here: 'Your charges': specific instructions given by someone with authority to oversee and assign. The noun comes from paqad, 'to attend to, appoint, put in charge'. They are God's personally assigned orders, not abstract principles.

  15. Psalm 119:94 פִקּוּדֶ֣יךָ precepts your

    I am Yours; save me, for I have sought Your precepts.

    Here: "Your charges": the specific instructions God, as the one in authority, has laid on those under him. The word is placed before its verb for emphasis: *your* precepts, and nothing else, are what I have pursued.

  16. Psalm 119:100 פִקּוּדֶ֣יךָ precepts your

    I discern more than the elders, for I obey Your precepts.

    Here: "Your precepts" are the specific instructions God has given to be carried out. The word comes from paqad, "to appoint, put in charge, oversee". These are orders entrusted by a master who will check on them. The word stands before the verb for emphasis: it was *your precepts* that I guarded.

  17. Psalm 119:104 מִפִּקּוּדֶ֥יךָ from precepts your

    I gain understanding from Your precepts; therefore I hate every false way.

    Here: 'From' (mi-) plus 'your precepts': God's specific charges are where the psalmist's discernment comes from. The word also supplies the letter mem (מ) that every line of this eight-verse stanza has to start with.

  18. Psalm 119:110 וּ֝מִפִּקּוּדֶ֗יךָ and from precepts your

    The wicked have set a snare for me, but I have not strayed from Your precepts.

    Here: 'And from your precepts.' The opening 'and' works as a contrast here ('yet'). The 'from' sets God's charges up as the path or territory he did not leave. Putting this phrase first in its half of the line stresses it: it was from *your* precepts that I did not wander.

  19. Psalm 119:128 פִּקּ֣וּדֵי [the] precepts of

    Therefore I admire all Your precepts and hate every false way.

    Here: 'Precepts of...'. These are specific charges laid down by someone with authority, the way an overseer gives orders. It is one of the eight words Psalm 119 rotates for God's instruction. The form grammatically expects a following noun ('precepts of X'), which is why 'all' follows awkwardly.

  20. Psalm 119:134 פִּקּוּדֶֽיךָ׃ precepts your

    Redeem me from the oppression of man, that I may keep Your precepts.

  21. Psalm 119:141 פִּ֝קֻּדֶ֗יךָ precepts your

    I am lowly and despised, but I do not forget Your precepts.

  22. Psalm 119:159 פִקּוּדֶ֣יךָ precepts your

    Consider how I love Your precepts, O LORD; give me life according to Your loving devotion.

    Here: "Your precepts": the specific instructions God has laid on his people, the duties he has put them in charge of. The word comes first in its clause, before the verb, so it carries stress: *your* precepts are what I love, unlike the traitors of v. 158 who "do not keep your word."

  23. Psalm 119:168 פִ֭קּוּדֶיךָ precepts your

    I obey Your precepts and Your testimonies, for all my ways are before You.

    Here: "Your precepts": the specific charges God has laid on his servant. The word comes from a root that means to appoint, oversee and entrust, so it carries the sense of duties given by someone in authority to a person under their care.

  24. Psalm 119:173 פִקּוּדֶ֣יךָ precepts your

    May Your hand be ready to help me, for I have chosen Your precepts.

    Here: "Your precepts": the specific charges God has given and expects to be kept. The word comes from a root about overseeing and assigning duties, so it pictures orders given by someone with authority who keeps watch over them.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.