Hebrew word · H7084
קְעִילָה
ke'ilah
Keilah
Proper names of two Judean towns. Keilah was a fortified town in the lowland hills (Shephelah) facing Philistia. Eshtemoa was in the southern hill country, about 14 km south of Hebron. Eshtemoa was later a Levitical town.
Appears 18 times in 16 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
§ Keilah = "fortress"
a city in the lowlands of Judah northwest of Hebron
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of 1 Chronicles 4:19
- Range of meaning
Proper names of two Judean towns. Keilah was a fortified town in the lowland hills (Shephelah) facing Philistia. Eshtemoa was in the southern hill country, about 14 km south of Hebron. Eshtemoa was later a Levitical town.
- Against the English
All translations transliterate them. The KJV and YLT word order can make them look like individual sons.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Keilah: Josh 15:44; 1 Sam 23:1–13; Neh 3:17–18, where it is a half-district of Persian Yehud. Eshtemoa: Josh 15:50; 21:14; 1 Sam 30:28; 1 Chr 4:17 gives it a different ancestor, Ishbah; 6:57. It is identified with modern es-Samuʿ.
From the study of 1 Samuel 23:2
- Range of meaning
Proper name of a fortified town in the Shephelah, the foothills of Judah (Josh 15:44). It is generally identified with Khirbet Qila, about 13 km northwest of Hebron and close to Adullam, where David had been based (22:1).
- Against the English
No translation issue; the name is simply carried over.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Probably the 'Qiltu' fought over in the Amarna letters (14th century BC: EA 279, 280, 289, 290), where the rulers of Jerusalem and of a neighbouring city accuse each other over the town. So it was a contested border town for centuries. Later named in Neh 3:17–18.
From the study of Joshua 15:44
- Range of meaning
A proper name for a fortified town in the Judean foothills, identified with Khirbet Qila. The meaning of the name is uncertain.
- Against the English
All versions spell it 'Keilah'.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Probably the 'Qiltu' of the Amarna letters (14th century BC: EA 279, 280, 289, 290), where it is disputed between the ruler of Jerusalem and a neighbouring ruler. In 1 Samuel 23:1–13, David saves it from Philistine raiders, but its citizens are ready to hand him over to Saul. Its gates and bars are mentioned (v. 7). Nehemiah 3:17–18 names it as a Persian-period district divided into two halves.
Where it appears
Joshua · 1
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Joshua 15:44 וּקְעִילָ֥ה and Keilah
Keilah, Achzib, and Mareshah—nine cities, along with their villages.
Here: A walled town in the Judean foothills, at Khirbet Qila about 13 km northwest of Hebron. The opening 'and' carries on the list that started in v. 42 (Libnah, Ether, Ashan, Iphtah, Ashnah, Nezib). Readers would know it as the town David rescued from the Philistines (1 Samuel 23).
1 Samuel · 14
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1 Samuel 23:1 בִּקְעִילָ֔ה against Keilah
Now it was reported to David, “Look, the Philistines are fighting against Keilah and looting the threshing floors.”
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1 Samuel 23:2 קְעִילָֽה׃ Keilah
So David inquired of the LORD, “Should I go and attack these Philistines?” And the LORD said to David, “Go and attack the Philistines and save Keilah.”
Here: A walled town of Judah in the low hills west of Hebron (Josh 15:44). The answer ends on its name: the point of the attack is rescuing these people.
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1 Samuel 23:3 קְעִלָ֔ה Keilah
But David’s men said to him, “Look, we are afraid here in Judah; how much more if we go to Keilah against the armies of the Philistines?”
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1 Samuel 23:4 קְעִילָ֔ה Keilah
Once again, David inquired of the LORD, and the LORD answered him: “Go at once to Keilah, for I will deliver the Philistines into your hand.”
Here: A walled town of Judah in the western foothills (Josh 15:44), usually identified with Khirbet Qila, about 13 km northwest of Hebron. The Philistines were looting its threshing floors (23:1).
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1 Samuel 23:5 קְעִילָ֜ה קְעִילָֽה׃ ס Keilah
Then David and his men went to Keilah, fought against the Philistines, and carried off their livestock, striking them with a mighty blow. So David saved the people of Keilah.
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1 Samuel 23:6 קְעִילָ֑ה Keilah
(Now Abiathar son of Ahimelech had brought the ephod with him when he fled to David at Keilah.)
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1 Samuel 23:7 קְעִילָ֑ה Keilah
When Saul was told that David had gone to Keilah, he said, “God has delivered him into my hand, for he has trapped himself by entering a town with gates and bars.”
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1 Samuel 23:8 קְעִילָ֔ה Keilah
Then Saul summoned all his troops to go to war at Keilah and besiege David and his men.
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1 Samuel 23:10 קְעִילָ֑ה Keilah
And David said, “O LORD, God of Israel, Your servant has heard that Saul intends to come to Keilah and destroy the city on my account.
Here: A walled town in the lowland hills of Judah (Joshua 15:44), which David had just saved from the Philistines (23:1–5).
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1 Samuel 23:11 קְעִילָ֨ה Keilah
Will the citizens of Keilah surrender me into his hand? Will Saul come down, as Your servant has heard? O LORD, God of Israel, please tell Your servant.” “He will,” said the LORD.
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1 Samuel 23:12 קְעִילָ֛ה Keilah
So David asked, “Will the citizens of Keilah surrender me and my men into the hand of Saul?” “They will,” said the LORD.
Here: A walled town in the Judean lowlands (the Shephelah), on the border with Philistine territory. David had just saved it from Philistine raiders (vv.1–5).
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1 Samuel 23:13 מִקְּעִלָ֔ה מִקְּעִילָ֔ה from Keilah
Then David and his men, about six hundred strong, set out and departed from Keilah, moving from place to place. When Saul was told that David had escaped from Keilah, he declined to go forth.
1 Chronicles · 1
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1 Chronicles 4:19 קְעִילָ֖ה Keilah
The sons of Hodiah’s wife, the sister of Naham, were the fathers of Keilah the Garmite and of Eshtemoa the Maacathite.
Here: A walled town in the Judean lowlands (Joshua 15:44) which David rescued from the Philistines (1 Samuel 23). Here it is named as a clan settlement.
Nehemiah · 2
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Nehemiah 3:17 קְעִילָ֖ה Keilah
Next to him, the Levites made repairs under Rehum son of Bani, and next to him, Hashabiah, ruler of a half-district of Keilah, made repairs for his district.
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Nehemiah 3:18 קְעִילָֽה׃ ס Keilah
Next to him, their countrymen made repairs under Binnui son of Henadad, ruler of the other half-district of Keilah.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.