רַעֲנָן

Deuteronomy 12:2 רַעֲנָן׃ luxuriant

Destroy completely all the places where the nations you are dispossessing have served their gods—atop the high mountains, on the hills, and under every green tree.

Here: Not a color word as such: it describes a tree full of foliage, thriving and giving thick shade. Fullness of growth suggested the life-giving power people looked for from fertility gods.

1 Kings 14:23 רַעֲנָֽן׃ luxuriant

They also built for themselves high places, sacred pillars, and Asherah poles on every high hill and under every green tree.

Here: 'Luxuriant, thick-leaved, flourishing.' The point is shade and visible life, not the color green. Hosea 4:13 explains why such trees were chosen: 'because their shade is good.'

2 Kings 16:4 רַעֲנָֽן׃ luxuriant

And he sacrificed and burned incense on the high places, on the hills, and under every green tree.

2 Kings 17:10 רַעֲנָֽן׃ luxuriant

They set up for themselves sacred pillars and Asherah poles on every high hill and under every green tree.

2 Chronicles 28:4 רַעֲנָֽן׃ luxuriant

And he sacrificed and burned incense on the high places, on the hills, and under every green tree.

Job 15:32 רַעֲנָֽנָה׃ it will grow luxuriant

It will be paid in full before his time, and his branch will not flourish.

Psalm 37:35 רַעֲנָֽן׃ luxuriant

I have seen a wicked, ruthless man flourishing like a well-rooted native tree,

Here: Thick with foliage and full of sap. It is the word for the lush trees of Israel's landscape, and elsewhere for the flourishing of the righteous (Ps 52:8; 92:14). The wicked man looks exactly like what the righteous are promised to become.

Psalm 52:8 רַ֭עֲנָן luxuriant

But I am like an olive tree flourishing in the house of God; I trust in the loving devotion of God forever and ever.

Here: Describes a tree full of leaves and sap, growing well. The point is that it is alive and thriving, not that it is 'green' in colour (olive leaves are grey-green anyway).

Psalm 92:10 רַעֲנָֽן׃ fresh

But You have exalted my horn like that of a wild ox; with fine oil I have been anointed.

Here: Used of oil, it means rich, top-quality, green-gold olive oil. The same word comes back in v.14, where the righteous stay 'green' (ra'ănannîm) in old age like flourishing trees, so the word ties the speaker's renewal to the psalm's tree imagery.

Psalm 92:14 וְרַֽעֲנַנִּ֣ים and fresh

In old age they will still bear fruit; healthy and green they will remain,

Here: 'And leafy / thick with foliage.' It describes a tree in full, dense leaf. Three verses earlier (v. 10) the same word describes the 'fresh' oil the psalmist was anointed with.

Song of Songs 1:16 רַעֲנָנָֽה׃ [is] luxuriant

How handsome you are, my beloved! Oh, how delightful! The soft grass is our bed.

Isaiah 57:5 רַעֲנָ֑ן luxuriant

who burn with lust among the oaks, under every luxuriant tree, who slaughter your children in the valleys, under the clefts of the rocks?

Here: 'Luxuriant', meaning thick with leaves, full of life, giving deep shade. It is not a colour word. Together with the words before it, it completes a well-known formula for forbidden shrines: 'under every luxuriant tree'.

Jeremiah 2:20 רַעֲנָ֔ן luxuriant

“For long ago you broke your yoke and tore off your chains, saying, ‘I will not serve!’ Indeed, on every high hill and under every green tree you lay down as a prostitute.

Here: 'Luxuriant': thick with leaves and giving deep shade, and so a symbol of life and fertility, not just 'green' in colour.

Jeremiah 3:6 רַעֲנָ֖ן luxuriant

Now in the days of King Josiah, the LORD said to me, “Have you seen what faithless Israel has done? She has gone up on every high hill and under every green tree to prostitute herself there.

Here: A thick, flourishing, full-leafed tree. The word suggests vitality and fertility as much as colour, and so it suited worship focused on fertility.

Jeremiah 3:13 רַעֲנָ֔ן luxuriant

Only acknowledge your guilt, that you have rebelled against the LORD your God. You have scattered your favors to foreign gods under every green tree and have not obeyed My voice,’” declares the LORD.

Here: 'Leafy, flourishing.' It means a full, dense, living tree, the kind of shady green spot where fertility shrines stood. The point is the lush foliage more than the colour.

Jeremiah 11:16 רַֽעֲנָן֙ luxuriant

The LORD once called you a flourishing olive tree, beautiful with well-formed fruit. But with a mighty roar He will set it on fire, and its branches will be consumed.

Here: Full of leaves and full of life, a tree in good health. Jeremiah often uses the word in the phrase 'under every leafy tree', meaning the places where people worshipped other gods (2:20; 3:6, 13; 17:2). Here God uses it of Judah's own flourishing, which he gave.

Jeremiah 17:2 רַֽעֲנָ֑ן luxuriant

Even their children remember their altars and Asherah poles by the green trees and on the high hills.

Jeremiah 17:8 רַֽעֲנָ֑ן luxuriant

He is like a tree planted by the waters that sends out its roots toward the stream. It does not fear when the heat comes, and its leaves are always green. It does not worry in a year of drought, nor does it cease to produce fruit.

Here: Lush, full and fresh, more than simply "green" in colour. Elsewhere in Jeremiah, including 17:2, this word describes the "green trees" where people worshipped other gods. The trusting person is the true flourishing tree.

Ezekiel 6:13 רַֽעֲנָן֙ luxuriant

Then you will know that I am the LORD, when their slain lie among their idols around their altars, on every high hill, on all the mountaintops, and under every green tree and leafy oak—the places where they offered fragrant incense to all their idols.

Here: Full of foliage and flourishing, not simply green in colour. In this formula it suggests a dense, shady tree associated with vitality and fertility.

Hosea 14:8 רַֽעֲנָ֔ן luxuriant

O Ephraim, what have I to do anymore with idols? It is I who answer and watch over him. I am like a flourishing cypress; your fruit comes from Me.

Here: 'Luxuriant, densely green.' It is the word in the stock phrase 'under every luxuriant tree', which describes the shrines of the fertility cult. God takes for himself the image the idol worship had used.