Hebrew word · H7768

שָׁוַע

meshavea'

to cry

To cry out for help, call for rescue. It is the vocabulary of distress, used of the oppressed, the sick and people in danger. It is related to the noun shav'ah, 'cry for help'.

Appears 21 times in 21 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

(Piel) to cry out (for help), shout

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Psalm 119:147

Range of meaning

To cry out for help, call for rescue. It is the vocabulary of distress, used of the oppressed, the sick and people in danger. It is related to the noun shav'ah, 'cry for help'.

Against the English

KJV's plain 'cried' could suggest weeping. BSB, WEB, NIV and ESV correctly have 'cry for help'.

Used elsewhere in the period

Psalm 18:6 (Hebrew v.7), 'in my distress I cried for help'; Psalm 30:2; 88:13; Job 19:7; 24:12; Habakkuk 1:2, 'How long, LORD, shall I cry for help and you will not hear?'

From the study of Psalm 30:2

Range of meaning

Used only in the intensive form (piel). It means to cry out for help, to shout for rescue. Related nouns: shawʿāh, 'cry for help' (Exod 2:23, Israel's cry under slavery; Ps 18:6; 34:15), and shôaʿ. The word belongs to distress: someone being drowned, crushed or threatened (Job 19:7; 24:12; Hab 1:2; Jonah 2:2).

Against the English

KJV and WEB have 'I cried', which in modern English can mean 'I wept'. BSB, ESV and NASB have 'cried to You for help' and NIV 'called to you for help'. These keep the sense of an appeal for rescue. Weeping is not what the verb means.

How it drifted

'Cry' has come to mean 'shed tears' first and 'shout' second. Older English used it for shouting.

Used elsewhere in the period

In the Psalms it is the cry of someone in mortal trouble: Ps 18:6 (in the 'cords of death'), 28:2, 31:22, 88:13. The Greek Septuagint (an ancient translation of the Hebrew Bible) renders it with ekekraxa, 'I shouted aloud'. The noun is the cry of the oppressed that God hears in Exod 2:23.

From the study of Psalm 18:6

Range of meaning

The verb (always in an intensive form) means 'to cry out for help, call for rescue'. The noun means 'a cry for help'. In the Bible the cry is almost always aimed at someone who can save: God, or a person with power (Job 19:7; 24:12; Psalm 30:2; Habakkuk 1:2; Exodus 2:23, where Israel's shav'ah goes up to God from slavery).

Against the English

KJV and WEB 'cried' can sound like weeping to modern ears. BSB, NIV, ESV and NASB keep 'for help', which is the point of the word.

How it drifted

English 'cry' has two meanings, 'shout' and 'weep', and today 'weep' tends to come to mind first. The Hebrew word has no 'tears' meaning.

Used elsewhere in the period

Exodus 2:23 (the enslaved Israelites' cry going up to God), Psalm 28:2, Psalm 88:13, Jonah 2:2 (borrowing this psalm's wording: 'from the belly of Sheol I cried for help, you heard my voice'), Habakkuk 1:2 ('How long shall I cry for help and you will not hear?').

Where it appears

Job · 8
  1. Job 19:7 אֲ֝שַׁוַּ֗ע I cry for help

    Though I cry out, ‘Violence!’ I get no response; though I call for help, there is no justice.

  2. Job 24:12 תְּשַׁוֵּ֑עַ it cries for help

    From the city, men groan, and the souls of the wounded cry out, yet God charges no one with wrongdoing.

  3. Job 29:12 מְשַׁוֵּ֑עַ [who] cried for help

    because I rescued the poor who cried out and the fatherless who had no helper.

    Here: 'Crying for help': a participle, so the cry is ongoing. It is the shout of someone in danger asking to be saved, a word often used of people crying out to God.

  4. Job 30:20 אֲשַׁוַּ֣ע I cry for help

    I cry out to You for help, but You do not answer; when I stand up, You merely look at me.

  5. Job 30:28 אֲשַׁוֵּֽעַ׃ I cry out for help

    I go about blackened, but not by the sun. I stand up in the assembly and cry for help.

    Here: An intensive (piel) imperfect: 'I cry for help,' or, following the previous verb, 'standing up, I cry out for help.' It is a cry for rescue and justice. Job used this same word for the poor whom he once rescued (29:12).

  6. Job 35:9 יְשַׁוְּע֖וּ they cry for help

    Men cry out under great oppression; they plead for relief from the arm of the mighty.

    Here: A cry that specifically calls for rescue: 'Help!' It parallels the first verb and makes it stronger. The cry is a plea for someone to step in and save them.

  7. Job 36:13 יְ֝שַׁוְּע֗וּ they cry for help

    The godless in heart harbor resentment; even when He binds them, they do not cry for help.

    Here: An intensive verb for crying out for rescue to someone who can save. This is the cry of the desperate person appealing to God. Its absence is the whole point.

  8. Job 38:41 יְשַׁוֵּ֑עוּ they will cry for help

    Who provides food for the raven when its young cry out to God as they wander about for lack of food?

    Here: 'They cry for help', a desperate call for rescue. It is the same verb Job used of his own unanswered cries to God (19:7; 30:20, 28).

Psalms · 9
  1. Psalm 18:6 אֲשַׁ֫וֵּ֥עַ I cried for help

    In my distress I called upon the LORD; I cried to my God for help. From His temple He heard my voice, and my cry for His help reached His ears.

    Here: This is specifically a shout for rescue, the cry of someone in danger, not weeping. It steps up from the more general 'called' in the first half of the line.

  2. Psalm 18:41 יְשַׁוְּע֥וּ they cried for help

    They cried for help, but there was no one to save them—to the LORD, but He did not answer.

  3. Psalm 22:24 וּֽבְשַׁוְּע֖וֹ and when cried for help he

    For He has not despised or detested the torment of the afflicted. He has not hidden His face from him, but has attended to his cry for help.

    Here: "And when he cried for help." The verb is a desperate shout for rescue, the cry of someone in danger calling for someone to save him.

  4. Psalm 28:2 בְּשַׁוְּעִ֣י when cry for help I

    Hear my cry for mercy when I call to You for help, when I lift up my hands toward Your holy sanctuary.

    Here: "When I cry for help," literally "in my crying out." The verb is a cry for rescue from someone in danger. The verb form describes an ongoing scene: this is what I am doing right now.

  5. Psalm 30:2 שִׁוַּ֥עְתִּי I cried for help

    O LORD my God, I cried to You for help, and You healed me.

    Here: A completed past act: 'I cried out for help.' The verb is not a general word for calling or praying. It is the shout of someone in danger who needs rescue, and the psalm now looks back on that moment from safety.

  6. Psalm 31:22 בְּשַׁוְּעִ֥י when cried for help I

    In my alarm I said, “I am cut off from Your sight!” But You heard my plea for mercy when I called to You for help.

    Here: A specific word for crying out for rescue, the shout of someone in danger. The timing is pointed: at the very moment he was crying out, while he felt unseen, God was hearing.

  7. Psalm 72:12 מְשַׁוֵּ֑עַ [who] cries for help

    For he will deliver the needy who cry out and the afflicted who have no helper.

    Here: A participle, 'one who is crying for help'. The picture is of a person still calling out, a distress cry aimed at someone with the power to step in. It marks the needy person as someone who has appealed, and the king answers.

  8. Psalm 88:13 שִׁוַּ֑עְתִּי I cry for help

    But to You, O LORD, I cry for help; in the morning my prayer comes before You.

    Here: This is a cry for rescue from someone in real danger, not a calm request. The verb form (Hebrew perfect) presents the crying as something already done and still in place: "I have cried out, and I still am."

  9. Psalm 119:147 וָאֲשַׁוֵּ֑עָה and I cried for help !

    I rise before dawn and cry for help; in Your word I have put my hope.

    Here: Not calm reflection but a shout for rescue, the cry of someone in trouble. The added -ah ending gives it emphasis: 'and I cried out, I really did.'

Isaiah · 1
  1. Isaiah 58:9 תְּשַׁוַּ֖ע you will cry for help

    Then you will call, and the LORD will answer; you will cry out, and He will say, ‘Here I am.’ If you remove the yoke from your midst, the pointing of the finger and malicious talk,

    Here: A stronger word than 'call'. It is the shout of someone in trouble calling for rescue. The pair 'call / cry for help' builds in intensity.

Lamentations · 1
  1. Lamentations 3:8 וַאֲשַׁוֵּ֔עַ and I may cry for help

    Even when I cry out and plead for help, He shuts out my prayer.

    Here: 'and I shout for help.' A second, near-synonym verb that piles up the urgency. It is specifically the cry for rescue (Hebrew shewaʿ, 'help!').

Jonah · 1
  1. Jonah 2:2 שִׁוַּ֖עְתִּי I cried for help

    saying: “In my distress I called to the LORD, and He answered me. From the belly of Sheol I called for help, and You heard my voice.

    Here: A stronger verb than 'called'. It is the scream of someone who needs rescuing. The verb form is an intensive one, used almost only for cries to God or to a rescuer.

Habakkuk · 1
  1. Habakkuk 1:2 שִׁוַּ֖עְתִּי have I cried for help

    How long, O LORD, must I call for help but You do not hear, or cry out to You, “Violence!” but You do not save?

    Here: A loud call for rescue from someone in trouble. The verb form looks back on action already under way, so with "how long" it means "how long have I been calling?", not only "how long will I have to?"

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.