Hebrew word · H7872

שֵׂיבָה

seivah

greyheaded

Gray or white hair, and by extension old age. 'Bury in a good old age' (Gen 15:15; 25:8). 'Bring down my gray hair in sorrow to Sheol' (Gen 42:38), meaning 'bring me, an old man, to the grave.'

Appears 19 times in 19 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

1) age, gray hair, hoary head, old age

1a) gray hair, hoary head

1b) old age

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Proverbs 16:31

Range of meaning

Gray or white hair, and by extension old age. 'Bury in a good old age' (Gen 15:15; 25:8). 'Bring down my gray hair in sorrow to Sheol' (Gen 42:38), meaning 'bring me, an old man, to the grave.'

Against the English

KJV 'hoary head' is accurate but archaic. 'Gray hair' (BSB, NIV, ESV) keeps the picture. NASB 'gray head' is close. A rendering like 'old age' would keep the meaning but lose the image of hair as a crown.

Used elsewhere in the period

Lev 19:32: 'You shall rise before the gray head (śêbâ) and honor the face of the elder.' Prov 20:29: 'The splendor (hădar) of the old is gray hair (śêbâ).' The LXX renders it gēras, 'old age,' and the Vulgate senectus, 'old age,' so both ancient translators read it as old age.

From the study of Psalm 92:14

Range of meaning

Grey or white hair; by extension old age. Common in set phrases: 'a good old age' (Gen 15:15; 25:8; Judg 8:32, said of a blessed death), 'bring down my grey hair to Sheol' (Gen 42:38), 'rise before the grey head' (Lev 19:32).

Against the English

All English versions say 'old age' (NASB: 'advanced age'). That is accurate, but it hides the concrete picture: Hebrew literally speaks of grey hair. The poem lets the tree image and the human image overlap. The palms and cedars are old men and women.

Used elsewhere in the period

Proverbs 16:31: 'Grey hair is a crown of glory; it is found in the way of righteousness.' Proverbs 20:29: 'the splendour of the old is grey hair.' Isaiah 46:4: 'even to your grey hair I will carry you.' Over against these, old age is also a time of weakness (Eccl 12:1–7; Barzillai in 2 Sam 19:35 can no longer taste food or hear singers).

From the study of Genesis 25:8

Range of meaning

Seivah is grey or white hair and so, by extension, old age. Joined to tov, 'good', it is a fixed phrase for an honoured, full old age that ends in peace (Gen 15:15; Judg 8:32 of Gideon; 1 Chr 29:28 of David). Grey hair is a 'crown of glory' (Prov 16:31) and the 'splendour of the old' (Prov 20:29). Its opposite is having one's grey hair 'brought down to Sheol in sorrow' (Gen 42:38; 44:29, 31).

Against the English

BSB 'a ripe old age' is idiomatic but loses the grey-hair image and the word 'good'. KJV/WEB/ESV 'a good old age' keep 'good' and the echo of Genesis 15:15 but lose the image of white hair.

Used elsewhere in the period

God's promise in Gen 15:15: 'you shall go to your fathers in peace; you shall be buried beseivah tovah'. The same phrase is used for Gideon (Judg 8:32) and David (1 Chr 29:28). The Septuagint has en gērei kalō, 'in a fine old age'.

Where it appears

Genesis · 5
  1. Genesis 15:15 בְּשֵׂיבָ֥ה in old age

    You, however, will go to your fathers in peace and be buried at a ripe old age.

    Here: Literally "in gray-headedness." The word pictures white hair, the visible mark of a long life, which Israel treated as a crown of honour (Prov 16:31).

  2. Genesis 25:8 בְּשֵׂיבָ֥ה in old age

    And at a ripe old age he breathed his last and died, old and contented, and was gathered to his people.

    Here: Literally 'in grey-headedness'. Hebrew pictures old age by its visible sign, white hair, which was a mark of honour (Lev 19:32; Prov 16:31; 20:29). The phrase echoes God's promise in Genesis 15:15 word for word.

  3. Genesis 42:38 שֵׂיבָתִ֛י gray hair my

    But Jacob replied, “My son will not go down there with you, for his brother is dead, and he alone is left. If any harm comes to him on your journey, you will bring my gray hair down to Sheol in sorrow.”

    Here: 'My grey head', standing for 'me, an old man.' It means Jacob's old age, not his hair as such. He is about 130 (compare 47:9), and his grey head stands for the life he has nearly finished.

  4. Genesis 44:29 שֵׂיבָתִ֛י gray hair my

    Now if you also take this one from me and harm comes to him, you will bring my gray hair down to Sheol in sorrow.’

  5. Genesis 44:31 שֵׂיבַ֨ת [the] gray hair of

    sees that the boy is not with us, he will die. Then your servants will have brought the gray hair of your servant our father down to Sheol in sorrow.

Leviticus · 1
  1. Leviticus 19:32 שֵׂיבָה֙ gray hair

    You are to rise in the presence of the elderly, honor the aged, and fear your God. I am the LORD.

    Here: Gray or white hair, standing for the person who has it. It is the visible sign of a long life, and elsewhere it is called a 'crown of glory' (Prov 16:31) and the 'splendor of the old' (Prov 20:29).

Deuteronomy · 1
  1. Deuteronomy 32:25 שֵׂיבָֽה׃ gray hair

    Outside, the sword will take their children, and inside, terror will strike the young man and the young woman, the infant and the gray-haired man.

Judges · 1
  1. Judges 8:32 בְּשֵׂיבָ֣ה in old age

    Later, Gideon son of Joash died at a ripe old age and was buried in the tomb of his father Joash in Ophrah of the Abiezrites.

Ruth · 1
  1. Ruth 4:15 שֵׂיבָתֵ֑ךְ old age your

    He will renew your life and sustain you in your old age. For your daughter-in-law, who loves you and is better to you than seven sons, has given him birth.”

1 Kings · 2
  1. 1 Kings 2:6 שֵׂיבָת֛וֹ grey hair his

    So act according to your wisdom, and do not let his gray head go down to Sheol in peace.

  2. 1 Kings 2:9 שֵׂיבָת֛וֹ grey hair his

    Now therefore, do not hold him guiltless, for you are a wise man. You know what you ought to do to him to bring his gray head down to Sheol in blood.”

1 Chronicles · 1
  1. 1 Chronicles 29:28 בְּשֵׂיבָ֣ה in old age

    He died at a ripe old age, full of years, riches, and honor, and his son Solomon reigned in his place.

    Here: "In grey-headedness." The noun literally means grey hair, the visible sign of long life. In Israel grey hair was a 'crown of glory' (Prov 16:31), so the picture is a respected elder, not a frail invalid.

Job · 1
  1. Job 41:32 לְשֵׂיבָֽה׃ to grey hair

    He leaves a glistening wake behind him; one would think the deep had white hair!

Psalms · 2
  1. Psalm 71:18 וְשֵׂיבָה֮ and grey hair

    Even when I am old and gray, do not forsake me, O God, until I proclaim Your power to the next generation, Your might to all who are to come.

    Here: Grey hair, the visible sign of great age. Elsewhere it is a 'crown of glory' (Proverbs 16:31). Together with ziqnah it means 'old age, grey hair and all': the very last part of life.

  2. Psalm 92:14 בְּשֵׂיבָ֑ה in old age

    In old age they will still bear fruit; healthy and green they will remain,

    Here: 'In grey-headedness.' The word literally names white or grey hair and stands for old age. In Israel it was a sign of honour, not decline. The image moves from tree to person here: these trees have grey hair.

Proverbs · 2
  1. Proverbs 16:31 שֵׂיבָ֑ה gray hair

    Gray hair is a crown of glory; it is attained along the path of righteousness.

    Here: Literally the whitened hair of the old. It also stands for old age itself (Gen 15:15, 'a good old age'). Both senses are here: the visible gray head and the long life it shows.

  2. Proverbs 20:29 שֵׂיבָֽה׃ [is] gray hair

    The glory of young men is their strength, and gray hair is the splendor of the old.

    Here: Gray or white hair, and by extension old age itself. It is the visible sign of a long life, and the old man wears it the way the young man shows his strength.

Isaiah · 1
  1. Isaiah 46:4 שֵיבָ֖ה gray hair

    Even to your old age, I will be the same, and I will bear you up when you turn gray. I have made you, and I will carry you; I will sustain you and deliver you.

    Here: Grey hair, a concrete image of old age. Elsewhere it is honoured (Lev 19:32; Prov 16:31) but also frail (Gen 42:38). It pictures the people grown old and slow.

Hosea · 1
  1. Hosea 7:9 שֵׂיבָה֙ gray hair

    Foreigners consume his strength, but he does not notice. Even his hair is streaked with gray, but he does not know.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.