Hebrew word · H8219
שְׁפֵלָה
bashefelah
Shephelah
From the verb 'to be low': 'the Lowland'. It is the proper name of the zone of low limestone hills and broad valleys between the coastal plain and the Judean highlands, good for grain, olives and vines, and the main route by which armies approached.
Appears 20 times in 19 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
1) lowland, valley
1a) lowland
1a1) strip west of Judean mountains (technical term)
1a1a) the Shephelah
1a2) strip near coast north of Carmel
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of Jeremiah 17:26
- Range of meaning
From the verb 'to be low': 'the Lowland'. It is the proper name of the zone of low limestone hills and broad valleys between the coastal plain and the Judean highlands, good for grain, olives and vines, and the main route by which armies approached.
- Against the English
KJV 'the plain' wrongly suggests flat ground. 'Lowland' (WEB) is literal, 'foothills' (BSB) describes the land correctly, and 'Shephelah' (some modern versions) keeps the place name.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Josh 15:33–47 (district list of Judah); 2 Chr 26:10. Lachish and Azekah, the Shephelah forts named in Jer 34:7 and in the Lachish letters (c. 588 BCE), stood here.
From the study of Joshua 11:16
- Range of meaning
From a root meaning "be low." It is almost always a proper geographic term for the low hill country west of the central highlands, especially the area between the Judean hills and the Philistine coastal plain (sites like Lachish, Azekah, Socoh, Beth-shemesh). Here, unusually, it is also used for a lowland belonging to the northern highlands ("its Shephelah").
- Against the English
KJV "the valley," WEB/ESV/NASB "the lowland," YLT "the low country," BSB/NIV "the western foothills." "Valley" misleads: the Shephelah is a belt of rolling hills, roughly 100–400 m high, cut by valleys but not a valley itself. "Foothills" gives the best picture, and "western" correctly places it.
- How it drifted
The KJV translators followed the general sense of "low ground" without knowing the actual terrain. Modern archaeological and geographic study of the region has made the meaning clear.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Deut 1:7; Josh 10:40; 15:33–44 (a list of Shephelah towns); Judg 1:9; 1 Kgs 10:27 ("sycamores in the Shephelah"); Jer 32:44; 1 Macc 12:38 (Greek Sephēla). Still used today as a regional name in Israel.
From the study of Joshua 10:40
- Range of meaning
Literally "low land." In practice it is the name of a specific zone: the low limestone hills between the Judean highlands and the coastal plain of Philistia.
- Against the English
KJV says "the vale" and WEB and ESV-type versions say "the lowland." Both suggest a valley floor or plain. BSB and NIV say "(western) foothills," which matches the real terrain.
- How it drifted
Translators rendered the root meaning ("low") rather than the geography. Seen from the highlands these hills are low, but they are hills.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Used as a regional name throughout Joshua (9:1; 11:2, 16; 12:8; 15:33) and in Chronicles. It was home to fortified towns such as Lachish, Libnah and Azekah, which this chapter names.
Similar words
Where it appears
Deuteronomy · 1
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Deuteronomy 1:7 וּבַשְּׁפֵלָ֥ה and in the Shephelah
Resume your journey and go to the hill country of the Amorites; go to all the neighboring peoples in the Arabah, in the hill country, in the foothills, in the Negev, and along the seacoast to the land of the Canaanites and to Lebanon, as far as the great River Euphrates.
Joshua · 7
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Joshua 9:1 וּבַשְּׁפֵלָ֗ה and in the Shephelah
Now when news of this reached all the kings west of the Jordan—those in the hill country, the foothills, and all along the coast of the Great Sea toward Lebanon (the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites)—
Here: The low, rolling foothills between the Judean highlands and the coastal plain, lying west and southwest of the highlands. 'Low' only compared with the mountains. It is hill country, not valley floor.
-
Joshua 10:40 וְהַשְּׁפֵלָ֜ה and the Shephelah
So Joshua conquered the whole region—the hill country, the Negev, the foothills, and the slopes, together with all their kings—leaving no survivors. He devoted to destruction everything that breathed, just as the LORD, the God of Israel, had commanded.
Here: "And the Shephelah," the band of low, rolling hills between the Judean highlands and the coastal plain, where Lachish, Libnah and Eglon (10:29–35) stood. Literally "low land," but it means foothills, not a flat valley.
-
Joshua 11:2 וּבַשְּׁפֵלָ֑ה and in the Shephelah
to the kings of the north in the mountains, in the Arabah south of Chinnereth, in the foothills, and in Naphoth-dor to the west;
Here: 'The low country': the band of lower hills between the high hill country and the coastal plain. Elsewhere the word usually means Judah's western foothills, so here it probably means a northern counterpart, the lower hills on the western edge of Galilee and around Carmel.
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Joshua 11:16 הַשְּׁפֵלָ֖ה וּשְׁפֵלָתֹֽה׃ the Shephelah, and Shephelah its
So Joshua took this entire region: the hill country, all the Negev, all the land of Goshen, the western foothills, the Arabah, and the mountains of Israel and their foothills,
Here: "The Shephelah," literally "the low place." It is the band of low, rolling limestone hills between the Judean highlands and the coastal plain. These foothills are low only compared with the high ridge to the east. They are not a valley floor.
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Joshua 12:8 וּבַשְּׁפֵלָ֗ה and in the Shephelah
the hill country, the foothills, the Arabah, the slopes, the wilderness, and the Negev—the lands of the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites):
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Joshua 15:33 בַּשְּׁפֵלָ֑ה in the Shephelah
These were in the foothills: Eshtaol, Zorah, Ashnah,
Here: "In the Shephelah": a heading that opens a new section of Judah's town list. Shephelah is the name of a specific region, the low rolling hills between the coastal plain and the high Judean hill country. It is not a valley.
Judges · 1
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Judges 1:9 וְהַשְּׁפֵלָֽה׃ and the Shephelah
Afterward, the men of Judah marched down to fight against the Canaanites living in the hill country, in the Negev, and in the foothills.
1 Kings · 1
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1 Kings 10:27 בַּשְּׁפֵלָ֖ה [are] in the Shephelah
The king made silver as common in Jerusalem as stones, and cedar as abundant as sycamore in the foothills.
1 Chronicles · 1
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1 Chronicles 27:28 בַּשְּׁפֵלָ֔ה [were] in the Shephelah
Baal-hanan the Gederite was in charge of the olive and sycamore trees in the foothills. Joash was in charge of the stores of olive oil.
2 Chronicles · 4
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2 Chronicles 1:15 בַּשְּׁפֵלָ֖ה [are] in the Shephelah
The king made silver and gold as common in Jerusalem as stones, and cedar as abundant as sycamore in the foothills.
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2 Chronicles 9:27 בַּשְּׁפֵלָ֖ה [are] in the Shephelah
The king made silver as common in Jerusalem as stones, and cedar as abundant as sycamore in the foothills.
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2 Chronicles 26:10 וּבַשְּׁפֵלָ֖ה and in the Shephelah
Since he had much livestock in the foothills and in the plain, he built towers in the desert and dug many cisterns. And since he was a lover of the soil, he had farmers and vinedressers in the hill country and in the fertile fields.
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2 Chronicles 28:18 הַשְּׁפֵלָ֣ה the Shephelah
The Philistines had also raided the cities of the foothills and the Negev of Judah, capturing and occupying Beth-shemesh, Aijalon, and Gederoth, as well as Soco, Timnah, and Gimzo with their villages.
Jeremiah · 3
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Jeremiah 17:26 הַשְּׁפֵלָ֤ה the Shephelah
And people will come from the cities of Judah and the places around Jerusalem, from the land of Benjamin, and from the foothills, the hill country, and the Negev, bringing burnt offerings and sacrifices, grain offerings and frankincense, and thank offerings to the house of the LORD.
Here: The proper name of the band of low, rolling hills west of the Judean highlands. It is not a flat plain. Towns like Lachish and Azekah stood there.
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Jeremiah 32:44 הַשְּׁפֵלָ֖ה the Shephelah
Fields will be purchased with silver, and deeds will be signed, sealed, and witnessed in the land of Benjamin, in the areas surrounding Jerusalem, and in the cities of Judah—the cities of the hill country, the foothills, and the Negev—because I will restore them from captivity, declares the LORD.”
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Jeremiah 33:13 הַשְּׁפֵלָה֙ the Shephelah
In the cities of the hill country, the foothills, and the Negev, in the land of Benjamin and the cities surrounding Jerusalem, and in the cities of Judah, the flocks will again pass under the hands of the one who counts them, says the LORD.
Obadiah · 1
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Obadiah 1:19 וְהַשְּׁפֵלָה֙ and the Shephelah
Those from the Negev will possess the mountains of Esau; those from the foothills will possess the land of the Philistines. They will occupy the fields of Ephraim and Samaria, and Benjamin will possess Gilead.
Here: The low rolling foothills between Judah's central mountains and the coastal plain. Like 'the Negev', it stands for its Judean population, who will push west into Philistine territory.
Zechariah · 1
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Zechariah 7:7 וְהַשְּׁפֵלָ֖ה and the Shephelah
Are these not the words that the LORD proclaimed through the earlier prophets, when Jerusalem and its surrounding towns were populous and prosperous, and the Negev and the foothills were inhabited?’”
Here: The band of low, rolling hills west of the Judean highlands. It was fertile land for grain, olives and vines and held fortified towns such as Lachish and Azekah.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.