תּוֹשָׁב

Genesis 23:4 וְתוֹשָׁ֥ב and a resident alien

“I am a foreigner and an outsider among you. Give me a burial site among you so that I can bury my dead.”

Here: From the verb 'to sit, dwell'. It means someone who lives in a place but belongs to someone else's household or territory. Paired with ger, it stresses that he has lived here a long time but is still not a landholder.

Exodus 12:45 תּוֹשָׁ֥ב a resident alien

A temporary resident or hired hand shall not eat the Passover.

Leviticus 22:10 תּוֹשַׁ֥ב a resident alien of

No one outside a priest’s family may eat the sacred offering, nor may the guest of a priest or his hired hand eat it.

Leviticus 25:6 וּלְתוֹשָׁ֣בְךָ֔ and to resident alien your

Whatever the land yields during the Sabbath year shall be food for you—for yourself, your manservant and maidservant, the hired hand or foreigner who stays with you,

Leviticus 25:23 וְתוֹשָׁבִ֛ים and resident aliens

The land must not be sold permanently, because it is Mine, and you are but foreigners and residents with Me.

Here: From the verb "to sit, dwell." Someone who lives on another's property, often as a dependent worker or tenant. Paired with gerim it describes one status: people who live on the land but do not own it.

Leviticus 25:35 וְתוֹשָׁ֛ב and a resident alien

Now if your countryman becomes destitute and cannot support himself among you, then you are to help him as you would a foreigner or stranger, so that he can continue to live among you.

Here: 'And settler.' A landless resident, often attached to a household as a dependent or hired worker. Paired with gēr, the phrase describes someone who lives on land he does not own.

Leviticus 25:40 כְּתוֹשָׁ֖ב like a resident alien

Let him stay with you as a hired worker or temporary resident; he is to work for you until the Year of Jubilee.

Leviticus 25:45 הַתּוֹשָׁבִ֜ים the resident aliens

You may also purchase them from the foreigners residing among you or their clans living among you who are born in your land. These may become your property.

Leviticus 25:47 וְתוֹשָׁב֙ תּוֹשָׁב֙ and a resident alien, a resident alien

If a foreigner residing among you prospers, but your countryman dwelling near him becomes destitute and sells himself to the foreigner or to a member of his clan,

Numbers 35:15 וְלַתּוֹשָׁב֙ and for the resident alien

These six cities will serve as a refuge for the Israelites and for the foreigner or stranger among them, so that anyone who kills a person unintentionally may flee there.

1 Kings 17:1 מִתֹּשָׁבֵ֣י one of [the] resident aliens of

Now Elijah the Tishbite, who was among the settlers of Gilead, said to Ahab, “As surely as the LORD, the God of Israel, lives, before whom I stand, there will be neither dew nor rain in these years except at my word!”

Here: A tōšāḇ is a resident outsider, someone who lives on land that is not his family's inherited territory. Elijah is marked as a man from the edges, not a native landholder or a court insider.

1 Chronicles 29:15 וְתוֹשָׁבִ֖ים and resident aliens

For we are foreigners and strangers in Your presence, as were all our forefathers. Our days on earth are like a shadow, without hope.

Here: Someone who lives somewhere ('sits' there) without owning it, a dependent resident. Paired with gerim, it repeats the legal formula of Leviticus 25:23.

Psalm 39:12 תּ֝וֹשָׁ֗ב a resident alien

Hear my prayer, O LORD, and give ear to my cry for help; do not be deaf to my weeping. For I am a foreigner dwelling with You, a stranger like all my fathers.

Here: From the verb 'to sit, dwell': someone who lives on land he does not own, like a tenant or dependent settler. It pairs with ger to reinforce the same idea: living here, but with no permanent claim.