Hebrew word · H8618
תְּקוֹמֵם
uvitkomeicha
to confront
From qûm, "to rise, stand up". In the reflexive forms it means "to rise up against": an assailant, insurgent or rebel (Job 20:27; 27:7; Ps 17:7; 59:1). The noun-like form here is found only in this verse.
Appears once in the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
(Hithpol) a rising against (participle)
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of Psalm 139:21
- Range of meaning
From qûm, "to rise, stand up". In the reflexive forms it means "to rise up against": an assailant, insurgent or rebel (Job 20:27; 27:7; Ps 17:7; 59:1). The noun-like form here is found only in this verse.
- Against the English
"Rise up against" (KJV, ESV, NASB, BSB) is literal. NIV's "are in rebellion against" and NLT's "oppose" interpret it. "Rebellion" catches the sovereign-and-subject picture well, while "oppose" is weaker and could mean simple disagreement.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Ps 59:1, "protect me from those who rise up against me (mimmitqômməmay)"; Job 27:7, "let him who rises against me be as the unrighteous". In the Psalms, enemies regularly "rise up" against the king or the righteous (Ps 3:1; 18:39; 92:11).
Where it appears
Psalms · 1
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Psalm 139:21 וּ֝בִתְקוֹמְמֶ֗יךָ and <in> rebels your
Do I not hate those who hate You, O LORD, and detest those who rise against You?
Here: From the root "to rise" (qûm), in a form meaning "to rise up against": insurgents or rebels against a sovereign (compare Job 27:7; Ps 59:1). The picture is political and military. These are people in revolt against their king. The prefix "b-" marks what the loathing is directed at.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.