Greek word · G2908
κρείσσων
kreissōn
greater
Stronger, more powerful. More often it means better, more advantageous or superior. It is a comparative adjective.
Appears 19 times in 18 verses of the Greek New Testament. ·
What it means
κρείσσων
(Epic and old Att..) and κρείττων (later Att..), prop. comparat. of κρατύς, strong, but in sense often (as in cl., see LS, see word) as comparat. of ἀγαθός, [in LXX chiefly for טוֹב ;]
better;
(a) as to advantage or usefulness: 1 Corinthians 11:17, Hebrews 11:40 12:24; πολλῷ μᾶλλον κ., Philippians 1:23; κρεῖσσον ποιεῖν, 1 Corinthians 7:38; ἐστιν, before inf., 1 Corinthians 7:9, 2 Peter 2:21;
(b) as to excellence: Hebrews 1:4 6:9 7:7, 19 7:22 8:6 9:23 10:34 11:16, 35; κ. ἐστι, before inf., 1 Peter 3:17.†
(AS)
From G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of 1 Corinthians 7:9
- Range of meaning
Stronger, more powerful. More often it means better, more advantageous or superior. It is a comparative adjective.
- Against the English
"Better" is accurate. Some readers hear "the lesser of two evils", but the Greek compares two options without calling either evil in itself.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Paul uses it again in 1 Cor 7:38: the one who marries "does well" (kalōs), and the one who does not marry "will do better" (kreisson). It is common in Hebrews ("better covenant", "better hope"). It is also common in Greek wisdom sayings in a "better X than Y" form, like the Hebrew ṭôb… min proverbs ("better a little with righteousness than…", Prov 16:8).
From the study of 1 Corinthians 7:38
- Range of meaning
Stronger, superior, better, more advantageous. It is a comparative, so its meaning depends on what is being compared and for what purpose.
- Against the English
English 'better' can sound like a moral or spiritual ranking, as if the unmarried person were holier. Paul's 'better' is about advantage given the conditions he has described.
- How it drifted
Later ascetic interpretation, from late antiquity onward, often read this verse as ranking virginity as a higher spiritual state. That ranking is a reading of the text, not something the word itself carries.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Paul uses the same word in 7:9: it is 'better (kreisson) to marry than to burn'. In Phil 1:23, departing to be with Christ is 'far better'. In both places it means 'more advantageous given the circumstances'.
From the study of Hebrews 11:16
- Range of meaning
'Better, superior, stronger, of higher rank or worth'. It is a comparative: better than something.
- Against the English
English 'better' is correct. What English readers miss is how often Hebrews repeats the word, so the echo is lost.
- Used elsewhere in the period
It is the key word of Hebrews: Jesus is better than the angels (1:4), with a better hope (7:19), a better covenant (7:22; 8:6), better promises (8:6), better sacrifices (9:23), a better and lasting possession (10:34), a better resurrection (11:35), and 'something better' for us (11:40).
Where it appears
1 Corinthians · 3
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1 Corinthians 7:9 κρεῖττον better
But if they cannot control themselves, let them marry. For it is better to marry than to burn with passion.
Here: A comparative, "better". It weighs two concrete options against each other, getting married or staying unmarried while consumed by desire, and says marriage is clearly the better one.
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1 Corinthians 7:38 κρεῖσσον better
So then, he who marries the virgin does well, but he who does not marry her does even better.
Here: 'Better' in the sense of more advantageous in the situation Paul has described: the 'present distress' (v. 26) and the freedom to give the Lord undivided attention (vv. 32–35). Paul used the same word in verse 9 to say it is 'better' to marry.
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1 Corinthians 11:17 κρεῖσσον better
In the following instructions I have no praise to offer, because your gatherings do more harm than good.
Here: The better outcome, the one a gathering of believers ought to produce: people and community left in a stronger state. The verse names it only to deny it.
Philippians · 1
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Philippians 1:23 κρεῖσσον· better;
I am torn between the two. I desire to depart and be with Christ, which is far better indeed.
Here: 'Better,' already a comparative. With 'by much' and 'more' it makes a triple comparison: 'much more better.' Paul strains the grammar to say how much better being with Christ is.
Hebrews · 13
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Hebrews 1:4 κρείττων superior
So He became as far superior to the angels as the name He has inherited is excellent beyond theirs.
Here: 'Greater, higher in rank.' It is the first time Hebrews uses its signature word 'better' (13 times in the letter). Here it means higher standing and authority, not moral improvement.
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Hebrews 6:9 κρείσσονα better
Even though we speak like this, beloved, we are convinced of better things in your case—things that accompany salvation.
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Hebrews 7:7 κρείττονος superior
And indisputably, the lesser is blessed by the greater.
Here: Higher in standing. In context it refers to Melchizedek, of whom 7:4 has just said "see how great". It is the signature word of Hebrews, but here it concerns rank, not moral goodness.
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Hebrews 7:19 κρείττονος of a better
(for the law made nothing perfect), and a better hope is introduced, by which we draw near to God.
Here: 'Better' is a keyword of Hebrews: better covenant, promises, sacrifices, possession, country, resurrection. It marks what is greater and lasting, set against what was provisional.
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Hebrews 7:22 κρείττονος of a better
Because of this oath, Jesus has become the guarantee of a better covenant.
Here: This is Hebrews' signature word. Here it describes the covenant: it surpasses the earlier arrangement and replaces it, just as the 'better hope' of 7:19 did.
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Hebrews 8:6 κρείττονός κρείττοσιν of a better, better
Now, however, Jesus has received a much more excellent ministry, just as the covenant He mediates is better and is founded on better promises.
Here: "Better": Hebrews' key word. Here it describes the covenant. It recalls 7:22, where Jesus is "guarantor of a better covenant."
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Hebrews 9:23 κρείττοσιν with better
So it was necessary for the copies of the heavenly things to be purified with these sacrifices, but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these.
Here: "With better," a signature word of Hebrews: better covenant, better hope, better promises, and now better sacrifices. It means higher in kind and effectiveness, not just more of the same.
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Hebrews 10:34 κρείττονα a better
You sympathized with those in prison and joyfully accepted the confiscation of your property, knowing that you yourselves had a better and permanent possession.
Here: One of Hebrews' signature words (better covenant, better hope, better promises, better country). It places their possession on the side of God's final, superior order of things.
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Hebrews 11:16 κρείττονος to a better [one]
Instead, they were longing for a better country, a heavenly one. Therefore God is not ashamed to be called their God, for He has prepared a city for them.
Here: Feminine genitive, agreeing with the unstated noun 'homeland' (patris) from v.14. 'Better' is the signature word of Hebrews: better covenant, better promises, better hope. Here it means a homeland of a higher order than Canaan or Ur.
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Hebrews 11:35 κρείττονος a better
Women received back their dead, raised to life again. Others were tortured and refused their release, so that they might gain a better resurrection.
Here: 'Better.' This is Hebrews' signature word (better covenant, better hope, better country). Here it means a resurrection better than the women's temporary one: a rising to life that does not end.
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Hebrews 11:40 κρεῖττόν better
God had planned something better for us, so that together with us they would be made perfect.
Here: This is a signature word of Hebrews: a better covenant, better promises, a better sacrifice, a better country, a better resurrection. Here it means the better state of things God has now brought in through Christ.
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Hebrews 12:24 κρεῖττον better thing
to Jesus the mediator of a new covenant, and to the sprinkled blood that speaks a better word than the blood of Abel.
Here: 'Better' is Hebrews' signature word: a better hope, covenant, promises, sacrifices, possession and resurrection. Here it can mean 'speaks something better' or simply 'speaks better'. The Greek has no noun for 'word'.
1 Peter · 1
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1 Peter 3:17 κρεῖττον [It is] better
For it is better, if it is God’s will, to suffer for doing good than for doing evil.
Here: Neuter comparative used on its own as a verdict: '[It is] better.' It stands first for emphasis and echoes the Jewish wisdom saying 'better X than Y.'
2 Peter · 1
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2 Peter 2:21 κρεῖττον Better
It would have been better for them not to have known the way of righteousness than to have known it and then to turn away from the holy commandment passed on to them.
Here: Comes first for emphasis. It is the comparative ('better') used in Jewish 'better…than' sayings, which weigh two outcomes against each other. The point is that one outcome is less disastrous than the other, not that it is good.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.