Greek word · G4229

πρᾶγμα

pragma

thing

Something done or to be done: deed, event, affair, business, matter, undertaking. In legal settings it means a case, claim or lawsuit (1 Cor 6:1, 'if any of you has a pragma against another', i.e., a dispute taken to court).

Appears 11 times in 11 verses of the Greek New Testament. ·

What it means

πρᾶγμα, -τος, τύ

(πράσσω), [in LXX chiefly for דָּבָר ;]

1. that which has been done, a deed, act: Luke 1:1, Acts 5:4, 2 Corinthians 7:11, Hebrews 6:18.

2. That which is being done (like Lat. res), hence, a thing, matter, affair: Matthew 18:19, Romans 16:2, 1 Thessalonians 4:6 (see M, Th., in l), Hebrews 10:1 11:1, James 3:16; in forensic sense (as frequently in π., see Deiss., BS, 233), a law-suit: 1 Corinthians 6:1.†

(AS)

From G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Matthew 18:19

Range of meaning

Something done or to be done: deed, event, affair, business, matter, undertaking. In legal settings it means a case, claim or lawsuit (1 Cor 6:1, 'if any of you has a pragma against another', i.e., a dispute taken to court).

Against the English

'Anything' (BSB, NIV, ESV) is accurate as far as it goes, but it can sound like 'any item on your wish list'. 'Any matter' (YLT-style) keeps the sense of an affair or case under discussion.

How it drifted

English 'anything' hides that the Greek noun usually refers to an affair or matter, sometimes one under dispute.

Used elsewhere in the period

Common in papyri for business and legal affairs. BDAG s.v. πρᾶγμα lists 'lawsuit, dispute' as one sense, citing 1 Cor 6:1 and papyri. Josephus and Philo use it widely for 'affairs' and 'events'.

From the study of 1 Thessalonians 4:6

Range of meaning

A thing done, deed, event, affair, matter. In particular contexts it can mean business or trade, or a legal case (BDAG). It is a neutral, general word.

Against the English

BSB "in this regard", ESV/NASB-type "in this matter" or "in the matter" point back to the subject of sex. KJV "in any matter" turns it into a general rule for all dealings.

How it drifted

The KJV wording follows a reading of the unaccented τω as the indefinite pronoun ("any"). The Latin Vulgate's "in negotio" ("in business") encouraged the commercial reading in the West.

Used elsewhere in the period

1 Cor 6:1 uses pragma of a lawsuit between believers. 2 Cor 7:11 uses it of "the matter" of a moral offence in Corinth. Greek writers sometimes used ta pragmata or to pragma as a delicate way of referring to sexual relations.

From the study of Romans 16:2

Range of meaning

Deed, thing, matter, affair; business or undertaking; a legal case or lawsuit (1 Cor 6:1); in some contexts commercial dealings.

Against the English

KJV 'business' follows the Vulgate negotium. In 1611 that meant any affair, but modern readers may hear commerce only. 'Matter' (WEB, YLT) or 'anything' (BSB) keeps it open.

Used elsewhere in the period

Very common in the papyri for business and legal affairs. Paul uses it in 1 Corinthians 6:1 for a legal dispute between believers.

Similar words

Where it appears

Matthew · 1
  1. Matthew 18:19 πράγματος matter

    Again, I tell you truly that if two of you on the earth agree about anything you ask for, it will be done for you by My Father in heaven.

    Here: A deed, affair or business. It is also a normal word for a legal case or dispute (1 Cor 6:1). In a passage about settling a wrong between members, 'matter' or 'case' fits better than 'any item'.

Luke · 1
  1. Luke 1:1 πραγμάτων, things,

    Many have undertaken to compose an account of the things that have been fulfilled among us,

Acts · 1
  1. Acts 5:4 πρᾶγμα deed

    Did it not belong to you before it was sold? And after it was sold, was it not at your disposal? How could you conceive such a deed in your heart? You have not lied to men, but to God!”

    Here: 'This affair' or 'this deed': the whole scheme of selling, holding back part, and presenting the rest as the full price. The word is neutral. Its tone comes from Peter's shocked question.

Romans · 1
  1. Romans 16:2 πράγματι· matter;

    Welcome her in the Lord in a manner worthy of the saints, and assist her with anything she may need from you. For she has been a great help to many people, including me.

    Here: A matter or piece of business. The word is broad: it can mean a practical affair, a commercial dealing, or a legal case. It hints that Phoebe had real business to do in Rome, but Paul does not say what it was.

1 Corinthians · 1
  1. 1 Corinthians 6:1 πρᾶγμα a matter

    If any of you has a grievance against another, how dare he go to law before the unrighteous instead of before the saints!

2 Corinthians · 1
  1. 2 Corinthians 7:11 πράγματι. matter.

    Consider what this godly sorrow has produced in you: what earnestness, what eagerness to clear yourselves, what indignation, what alarm, what longing, what zeal, what vindication! In every way you have proved yourselves to be innocent in this matter.

    Here: 'The affair' — possibly with a legal tinge ('the case'), as in 1 Cor 6:1. Paul tactfully avoids describing the offence.

1 Thessalonians · 1
  1. 1 Thessalonians 4:6 πράγματι matter

    and no one should ever violate or exploit his brother in this regard, because the Lord will avenge all such acts, as we have already told you and solemnly warned you.

    Here: A general word for a deed, affair or matter. It can mean business or a lawsuit (1 Cor 6:1), but with the article it most naturally means "this matter" just discussed. It may also be a polite way of avoiding a blunt word for sex.

Hebrews · 3
  1. Hebrews 6:18 πραγμάτων things

    Thus by two unchangeable things in which it is impossible for God to lie, we who have fled to take hold of the hope set before us may be strongly encouraged.

    Here: A general word for an actual thing done or a matter. Here it means two concrete acts of God: he spoke a promise, and he swore an oath.

  2. Hebrews 10:1 πραγμάτων, things,

    For the law is only a shadow of the good things to come, not the realities themselves. It can never, by the same sacrifices offered year after year, make perfect those who draw near to worship.

    Here: Actual things or events, the realities themselves. These are the same 'good things' seen as concrete fact (compare 6:18; 11:1).

  3. Hebrews 11:1 πραγμάτων of things

    Now faith is the assurance of what we hope for and the certainty of what we do not see.

    Here: 'Matters, realities.' The word suggests actual affairs and facts, not imaginary ones. Some readers take it as belonging to both halves of the verse ('things hoped for... things not seen').

James · 1
  1. James 3:16 πρᾶγμα.¶ thing.

    For where jealousy and selfish ambition exist, there will be disorder and every evil practice.

    Here: A thing done, a practice or affair. Together with phaulon: 'every worthless practice', meaning the shabby dealings that follow when people compete instead of cooperating.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.