Greek word · G5484

χάριν

charin

because of

The accusative of charis ('favour'), frozen into a preposition: 'for the sake of, because of'. With a relative pronoun it means 'for which reason, therefore'.

Appears 9 times in 9 verses of the Greek New Testament. ·

What it means

therefore, because of this, for this reason

the acc. sg form of the noun χάριν which can be used as an improper preposition, on account of, because of, for this reason Luke 7:47; Ephesians 3:1, 14; 1 John 3:12; for the sake of, in order to, Galatians 3:19; Titus 1:5, 11; Jude 16; on the score of, 1 Timothy 5:14*

From G. Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Luke 7:47

Range of meaning

The accusative of charis ('favour'), frozen into a preposition: 'for the sake of, because of'. With a relative pronoun it means 'for which reason, therefore'.

Against the English

'Therefore' and 'wherefore' are accurate. What English can blur is what the reason attaches to. It most naturally attaches to 'I tell you'. Her acts are why Jesus makes this declaration, not the price of her forgiveness.

Used elsewhere in the period

Used the same way in Gal 3:19 ('why then the law?') and Eph 3:1, 14 (toutou charin, 'for this reason'). It is common in classical and Koine Greek.

From the study of Ephesians 3:1

Range of meaning

Charin, the accusative of charis ('favour, grace'), used as a preposition: 'for the sake of, on account of'. It normally follows its noun. Toutou charin = 'for this reason'.

Against the English

'For this reason' / 'for this cause' (KJV, YLT, WEB) is exact. NLT's 'When I think of all this' turns it into a reflective clause. That conveys the backward reference but loses the cause-and-effect.

Used elsewhere in the period

Classical and Koine idiom (e.g. in Xenophon; 1 John 3:12; Titus 1:5, 11). The same phrase reappears in Eph 3:14, where the sentence begun here is taken up again.

Where it appears

Luke · 1
  1. Luke 7:47 χάριν, Because

    Therefore I tell you, her many sins have been forgiven, for she has loved much. But he who has been forgiven little loves little.”

    Here: An old noun ('favour') frozen into a preposition meaning 'because of'. With hou it means 'for this reason'. The reason it gives is the reason Jesus speaks: her actions are why he can now say this to Simon.

Galatians · 1
  1. Galatians 3:19 χάριν Because of

    Why then was the law given? It was added because of transgressions, until the arrival of the seed to whom the promise referred. It was administered through angels by a mediator.

    Here: It comes after its noun ('of transgressions for the sake of'). Usually it marks a goal ('for the sake of, in view of'), but sometimes a cause. This one word lies behind the long debate over what the law was for.

Ephesians · 2
  1. Ephesians 3:1 χάριν Because

    For this reason I, Paul, the prisoner of Christ Jesus for the sake of you Gentiles...

    Here: A frozen form of charis ('favour, grace') used as a preposition meaning 'on account of'. It normally comes after the word it governs, as here. It sounds like 'grace' (charitos) in 3:2, but here it simply means 'because of'.

  2. Ephesians 3:14 χάριν Because

    ... for this reason I bow my knees before the Father,

    Here: A preposition that comes after its noun: "this-for-the-sake-of" means "for this reason". The same two words open 3:1, where Paul began his prayer and then broke off. Repeating them tells the reader he is now picking up the sentence he left.

1 Timothy · 1
  1. 1 Timothy 5:14 χάριν· because;

    So I advise the younger widows to marry, have children, and manage their households, denying the adversary occasion for slander.

    Here: An old accusative of charis ("favour") that came to mean "for the sake of." Placed after its noun, it gives "for the purpose of reviling": an opening that serves slander.

Titus · 2
  1. Titus 1:5 χάριν Because

    The reason I left you in Crete was that you would set in order what was unfinished and appoint elders in every town, as I directed you.

    Here: A preposition that comes after its noun, formed from charis ('favour'). Here it just means 'for this reason' and has nothing to do with 'grace' in the theological sense.

  2. Titus 1:11 χάριν. because.

    who must be silenced. For the sake of dishonorable gain, they undermine entire households and teach things they should not.

    Here: A preposition placed after its noun, 'for the sake of'. Putting the phrase last in the sentence is emphatic: the motive behind everything they do is profit.

1 John · 1
  1. 1 John 3:12 χάριν because of

    Do not be like Cain, who belonged to the evil one and murdered his brother. And why did Cain slay him? Because his own deeds were evil, while those of his brother were righteous.

    Here: A preposition meaning 'on account of.' It comes from the noun for 'grace/favour,' but here it means only 'why'; no idea of grace is present.

Jude · 1
  1. Jude 1:16 χάριν.¶ because.

    These men are discontented grumblers, following after their own lusts; their mouths spew arrogance; they flatter others for their own advantage.

    Here: A preposition that comes after its noun, meaning "for the sake of." It is a fossilised form of charis ("favour") but carries no sense of "grace" here.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.