גָּבֹהַּ

Genesis 7:19 הַגְּבֹהִ֔ים <the> high

Finally, the waters completely prevailed upon the earth, so that all the high mountains under all the heavens were covered.

Deuteronomy 3:5 גְבֹהָ֖ה high

All these cities were fortified with high walls and gates and bars, and there were many more unwalled villages.

Deuteronomy 28:52 הַגְּבֹה֣וֹת <the> high

They will besiege all the cities throughout your land, until the high and fortified walls in which you trust have fallen. They will besiege all your cities throughout the land that the LORD your God has given you.

Here: Tall and imposing. The same word describes the Canaanite cities with 'high walls' that Israel once feared (Deut 3:5). Now Israel's own walls are the high ones.

1 Samuel 2:3 גְּבֹהָ֣ה גְבֹהָ֔ה haughty

Do not boast so proudly, or let arrogance come from your mouth, for the LORD is a God who knows, and by Him actions are weighed.

Here: "High" used as a noun or adverb: lofty talk, words that put the speaker above others.

1 Samuel 9:2 גָּבֹ֖הַּ [he was] tall

And he had a son named Saul, choice and handsome, without equal among the Israelites—a head taller than any of the people.

1 Samuel 16:7 גְּבֹ֥הַּ [the] height of

But the LORD said to Samuel, “Do not consider his appearance or height, for I have rejected him; the LORD does not see as man does. For man sees the outward appearance, but the LORD sees the heart.”

Here: Tallness. The root also describes Saul, who 'was taller than all the people' (10:23), and it can mean 'proud' (2:3). For the first hearers this pointed straight at Saul.

1 Kings 14:23 גְבֹהָ֔ה high

They also built for themselves high places, sacred pillars, and Asherah poles on every high hill and under every green tree.

Here: 'High.' This adjective is a different word from bamah. 'Every high hill' is a fixed phrase in the prophets for illicit worship sites.

2 Kings 17:10 גְבֹהָ֔ה high

They set up for themselves sacred pillars and Asherah poles on every high hill and under every green tree.

Esther 5:14 גָּבֹ֣הַּ high

His wife Zeresh and all his friends told him, “Have them build a gallows fifty cubits high, and ask the king in the morning to have Mordecai hanged on it. Then go to the banquet with the king and enjoy yourself.” The advice pleased Haman, and he had the gallows constructed.

Here: Height is the point. The post is meant to be seen, a public humiliation that matches the size of Haman's wounded pride.

Esther 7:9 גָּבֹ֖הַּ high

Then Harbonah, one of the eunuchs attending the king, said: “There is a gallows fifty cubits high at Haman’s house. He had it built for Mordecai, who gave the report that saved the king.” “Hang him on it!” declared the king.

Here: Height is the point. The stake was meant to make the victim's fate a public spectacle.

Job 41:34 גָּבֹ֥הַּ exalted [one]

He looks down on all the haughty; he is king over all the proud.”

Psalm 101:5 גְּֽבַהּ־ [the] haughty of

Whoever slanders his neighbor in secret, I will put to silence; the one with haughty eyes and a proud heart, I will not endure.

Here: 'High of…': the first half of a body-picture of arrogance. The eyes are set high, looking down on everyone.

Psalm 104:18 הַ֭גְּבֹהִים <the> high

The high mountains are for the wild goats, the cliffs a refuge for the rock badgers.

Psalm 138:6 וְ֝גָבֹ֗הַּ and [the] proud

Though the LORD is on high, He attends to the lowly; but the proud He knows from afar.

Here: "And the high one." A second height word, used for a person who lifts himself up: the arrogant, self-exalting person. The irony is that only the LORD is truly "high"; a person who makes himself high is the one God keeps at a distance.

Proverbs 16:5 גְּבַהּ־ [person] haughty of

Everyone who is proud in heart is detestable to the LORD; be assured that he will not go unpunished.

Here: 'High of' something. The picture is height: a person who stands themselves up tall, above others and in effect above God. Joined to 'heart', it is the standard Hebrew idiom for arrogance.

Ecclesiastes 5:8 גָבֹ֜הַּ גָּבֹ֙הַּ֙ וּגְבֹהִ֖ים a high [one], and high [ones]

If you see the oppression of the poor and the denial of justice and righteousness in the province, do not be astonished at the matter; for one official is watched by a superior, and others higher still are over them.

Here: Used as a noun, 'a high one': an official, someone of rank. The word can also suggest arrogance (Eccl 7:8 'lofty of spirit'), which may colour it here.

Ecclesiastes 7:8 מִגְּבַהּ־ more than a [person] proud of

The end of a matter is better than the beginning, and a patient spirit is better than a proud one.

Here: 'Than the high (of)'. The comparative 'than' is joined to 'high'. 'High of spirit' is a stock Hebrew expression for arrogance: a person who carries himself above others and above waiting.

Ecclesiastes 12:5 מִגָּבֹ֤הַּ from a high [place]

when men fear the heights and dangers of the road, when the almond tree blossoms, the grasshopper loses its spring, and the caper berry shrivels—for then man goes to his eternal home and mourners walk the streets.

Here: 'Of what is high.' With verbs of fearing, the prefix mi- marks what is feared. The old fear climbing slopes, stairs and rooftops, places that were once easy.

Isaiah 2:15 גָּבֹ֑הַ high

against every high tower, against every fortified wall,

Isaiah 5:15 גְבֹהִ֖ים proud [people]

So mankind will be brought low, and each man humbled; the arrogant will lower their eyes.

Here: 'The high ones': literally tall or elevated people, meaning the arrogant and those of high status. The root is picked up in v.16, where it is YHWH who 'is high' (wayyigbah).

Isaiah 10:33 וְהַגְּבֹהִ֖ים and the tall [ones]

Behold, the Lord GOD of Hosts will lop off the branches with terrifying power. The tall trees will be cut down, the lofty ones will be felled.

Here: "And the tall ones". The word means physically high, but it is Isaiah's standard word for proud people too (2:11, 15; 5:15). It describes tall trees and arrogant men at once, which is why the KJV could render it "the haughty".

Isaiah 30:25 גָּבֹ֗הַ high

And from every high mountain and every raised hill, streams of water will flow in the day of great slaughter, when the towers fall.

Here: Tall. In Isaiah the word often carries a note of loftiness or pride (2:15; 5:15). Here it mainly stresses height: water reaches even the highest places.

Isaiah 40:9 גָּבֹ֤הַ high

Go up on a high mountain, O Zion, herald of good news. Raise your voice loudly, O Jerusalem, herald of good news. Lift it up, do not be afraid! Say to the cities of Judah, “Here is your God!”

Here: A high mountain, chosen for being seen and heard. The point is reach, not grandeur.

Isaiah 57:7 גָּבֹ֙הַּ֙ high

On a high and lofty hill you have made your bed, and there you went up to offer sacrifices.

Jeremiah 2:20 גְּבֹהָ֗ה high

“For long ago you broke your yoke and tore off your chains, saying, ‘I will not serve!’ Indeed, on every high hill and under every green tree you lay down as a prostitute.

Here: 'High': it recalls the 'high places' (bamot), the hilltop altars condemned throughout Kings.

Jeremiah 3:6 גָּבֹ֗הַּ high

Now in the days of King Josiah, the LORD said to me, “Have you seen what faithless Israel has done? She has gone up on every high hill and under every green tree to prostitute herself there.

Here: Together with har it forms part of a stock phrase for illegitimate worship sites (Deut 12:2; 1 Kgs 14:23; 2 Kgs 17:10).

Jeremiah 17:2 הַגְּבֹהֽוֹת׃ <the> high

Even their children remember their altars and Asherah poles by the green trees and on the high hills.

Jeremiah 51:58 הַגְּבֹהִ֖ים <the> high

This is what the LORD of Hosts says: “Babylon’s thick walls will be leveled, and her high gates consumed by fire. So the labor of the people will be for nothing; the nations will exhaust themselves to fuel the flames.”

Here: 'The high ones.' In Hebrew this word for height can also suggest arrogance (compare 'haughty'), which fits Babylon's pride (50:31–32).

Ezekiel 17:22 גָּבֹ֖הַ high

This is what the Lord GOD says: ‘I will take a shoot from the lofty top of the cedar, and I will set it out. I will pluck a tender sprig from its topmost shoots, and I will plant it on a high and lofty mountain.

Here: High. It describes exaltation and visibility, not a measured altitude.

Ezekiel 17:24 גָּבֹ֗הַ tall

Then all the trees of the field will know that I am the LORD. I bring the tall tree down and make the low tree tall. I dry up the green tree and make the withered tree flourish. I, the LORD, have spoken, and I have done it.’”

Here: "Tall, lofty." Physical height, but the word also carries a sense of arrogance (compare Ezek 31:10, where the cedar's heart "was lifted up" because of its height).

Ezekiel 21:26 וְהַגָּבֹ֖הַ and the exalted

This is what the Lord GOD says: ‘Remove the turban, and take off the crown. Things will not remain as they are: Exalt the lowly and bring low the exalted.

Ezekiel 31:3 וּגְבַ֣הּ and tall of

Look at Assyria, a cedar in Lebanon, with beautiful branches that shaded the forest. It towered on high; its top was among the clouds.

Here: 'And high of…' The same root describes physical height and arrogance. Verse 10 picks it up: 'because it was high in stature… its heart was lifted up in its height.'

Ezekiel 40:2 גָּבֹ֙הַּ֙ high

In visions of God He took me to the land of Israel and set me on a very high mountain, on whose southern slope was a structure that resembled a city.

Here: Lofty, towering. The real temple hill was lower than the Mount of Olives beside it, so the height is visionary and theological. It is not a survey of the landscape.

Ezekiel 41:22 גָּבֹ֜הַּ high

There was an altar of wood three cubits high and two cubits square. Its corners, base, and sides were of wood. And the man told me, “This is the table that is before the LORD.”

Daniel 8:3 גְּבֹה֗וֹת גְּבֹהָ֣ה וְהַ֨גְּבֹהָ֔ה [were] high, [was] high, and the high [one]

Then I lifted up my eyes and saw a ram with two horns standing beside the canal. The horns were long, but one was longer than the other, and the longer one grew up later.

Here: 'High': both horns rise tall, so both powers are impressive. Hebrew describes them by height, not length, and height is the language of rank and power.

Zephaniah 1:16 הַגְּבֹהֽוֹת׃ <the> high

a day of horn blast and battle cry against the fortified cities, and against the high corner towers.