Hebrew word · H1387
גֶּ֫בַע
geva'
Geba
Geba ('hill') was a Levitical town in Benjamin, about 6 miles (10 km) north-northeast of Jerusalem, near Michmash. Gibeon ('hill-place') was a major city about 6 miles northwest of Jerusalem, at the head of the Beth-horon descent to the lowlands.
Appears 19 times in 19 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
§ Gaba or Geba or Gibeah = "hill"
a city in Benjamin, modern 'Jeba', which stands on the top of a steep terraced hill, six miles or ten kilometres north east of Jerusalem and three miles or five kilometres from Gibeah, on the edge of the Wadi Suweinit looking northward to the opposite village of ancient Michmash, modern 'Mukhmas'
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of 2 Samuel 5:25
- Range of meaning
Geba ('hill') was a Levitical town in Benjamin, about 6 miles (10 km) north-northeast of Jerusalem, near Michmash. Gibeon ('hill-place') was a major city about 6 miles northwest of Jerusalem, at the head of the Beth-horon descent to the lowlands. The two names come from the same root (gb', 'hill') and were easily confused in copying.
- Against the English
KJV, WEB, YLT, ESV and NASB print 'Geba' (the Hebrew text). BSB and NIV print 'Gibeon' (the Greek translation and Chronicles).
- Used elsewhere in the period
1 Chronicles 14:16 reads 'from Gibeon as far as Gezer'. The Greek Septuagint of 2 Samuel 5:25 also reads Gabaōn (Gibeon). Isaiah 28:21 recalls this tradition: Yahweh will rise up 'as on Mount Perazim' (cf. 2 Samuel 5:20) and rage 'as in the valley of Gibeon'.
From the study of Joshua 18:24
- Range of meaning
'Hill'. It is a place name related to Gibeah and Gibeon (all from the root g-b-ʿ, 'to be high, rounded').
- Against the English
KJV/YLT 'Gaba' reproduces the spelling used at a pause in the reading. BSB/WEB 'Geba' gives the standard form. It is the same town.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Levitical town of Benjamin (Joshua 21:17; 1 Chronicles 6:60). Site of Jonathan's raid against the Philistine garrison opposite Michmash (1 Samuel 13–14). Fortified by Asa (1 Kings 15:22). Later the northern limit of Judah in the phrase 'from Geba to Beersheba' (2 Kings 23:8). It is often confused in the text with Gibeah.
From the study of Joshua 21:17
- Range of meaning
Place name meaning "hill." Its feminine form, Givʿāh (Gibeah), and Gibeon come from the same root, so the towns are easily confused, even in the Hebrew text itself (e.g. Judges 20:10, 33; 1 Samuel 13–14).
- Against the English
Rendered "Geba" in all English versions, though readers often blur it with Gibeah.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Joshua 18:24 lists it among Benjamin's towns. It is the site of a Philistine garrison in Saul's day (1 Samuel 13:3). King Asa fortified it (1 Kings 15:22). It is the northern border point in "from Geba to Beersheba" (2 Kings 23:8). It is resettled after the exile (Nehemiah 11:31).
Where it appears
Joshua · 2
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Joshua 18:24 וָגָ֑בַע and Geba
Chephar-ammoni, Ophni, and Geba—twelve cities, along with their villages.
Here: 'Geba' means 'hill'. This is the well-known Benjamite town (modern Jabaʿ) on the north-eastern edge of the hill country, facing Michmash across a ravine. The form gavaʿ is how the name is spelled at a pause in the reading, which is why KJV and YLT have 'Gaba'.
-
Joshua 21:17 גֶּ֖בַע Geba
And from the tribe of Benjamin they gave them Gibeon, Geba,
Here: "Hill": a town usually identified with modern Jabaʿ, about 9 km northeast of Jerusalem, on the edge of the wilderness. It later marked the northern limit of Judah ("from Geba to Beersheba," 2 Kings 23:8). It should not be confused with Gibeah, Saul's town, whose name comes from the same root.
Judges · 2
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Judges 20:10 לְגֶ֣בַע to Geba
We will take ten men out of every hundred from all the tribes of Israel, and a hundred out of every thousand, and a thousand out of every ten thousand, to supply provisions for the army when they go to Gibeah in Benjamin to punish them for the atrocity they have committed in Israel.”
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Judges 20:33 גָֽבַע׃ Geba
So all the men of Israel got up from their places and arrayed themselves at Baal-tamar, and the Israelites in ambush charged from their positions west of Gibeah.
1 Samuel · 3
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1 Samuel 13:3 בְּגֶ֔בַע [was] at Geba
Then Jonathan attacked the Philistine outpost at Geba, and the Philistines heard about it. So Saul blew the ram’s horn throughout the land, saying, “Let the Hebrews hear!”
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1 Samuel 13:16 בְּגֶ֣בַע in Geba
Now Saul and Jonathan his son and the troops with them were staying in Geba of Benjamin, while the Philistines camped at Michmash.
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1 Samuel 14:5 גָּֽבַע׃ ס Geba
One cliff stood to the north toward Michmash, and the other to the south toward Geba.
2 Samuel · 1
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2 Samuel 5:25 מִגֶּ֖בַע from Geba
So David did as the LORD had commanded him, and he struck down the Philistines all the way from Gibeon to Gezer.
Here: 'From Geba.' This is the starting point of the pursuit in the Hebrew text. Geba was a Benjaminite town north of Jerusalem. The Greek translation and 1 Chronicles 14:16 instead have 'Gibeon', a few miles to the west (see textual notes).
1 Kings · 1
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1 Kings 15:22 גֶּ֥בַע Geba
Then King Asa summoned all the men of Judah, with no exceptions, and they carried away the stones of Ramah and the timbers Baasha had used for building. And with these materials King Asa built up Geba of Benjamin, as well as Mizpah.
2 Kings · 1
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2 Kings 23:8 מִגֶּ֖בַע from Geba
Then Josiah brought all the priests from the cities of Judah and desecrated the high places, from Geba to Beersheba, where the priests had burned incense. He tore down the high places of the gates at the entrance of the gate of Joshua the governor of the city, which was to the left of the city gate.
1 Chronicles · 2
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1 Chronicles 6:60 גֶּ֤בַע Geba
And from the tribe of Benjamin they were given Gibeon, Geba, Alemeth, and Anathoth, together with their pasturelands. So they had thirteen cities in all among their families.
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1 Chronicles 8:6 גֶ֔בַע Geba
These were the descendants of Ehud who were the heads of the families living in Geba and were exiled to Manahath:
2 Chronicles · 1
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2 Chronicles 16:6 גֶּ֖בַע Geba
Then King Asa brought all the men of Judah, and they carried away the stones of Ramah and the timbers Baasha had used for building. And with these materials he built up Geba and Mizpah.
Ezra · 1
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Ezra 2:26 וָגָ֔בַע and Geba
the men of Ramah and Geba, 621;
Nehemiah · 3
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Nehemiah 7:30 וָגָ֔בַע and Geba
the men of Ramah and Geba, 621;
Here: Geba, a Benjaminite town (usually placed at modern Jabaʿ) a few kilometres east of Ramah, facing Michmash across a ravine. Its name also means "hill." Ramah and Geba are counted together as one group of 621.
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Nehemiah 11:31 מִגָּ֑בַע [were] from Geba
The descendants of Benjamin from Geba lived in Michmash, Aija, and Bethel with its villages;
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Nehemiah 12:29 גֶּ֖בַע Geba
from Beth-gilgal, and from the fields of Geba and Azmaveth, for they had built villages for themselves around Jerusalem.
Here: Geba ('hill'), a town of Benjamin about 9–10 km north-east of Jerusalem (modern Jaba'). It had been set aside as a Levite town (Joshua 21:17).
Isaiah · 1
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Isaiah 10:29 גֶּ֖בַע Geba
They have crossed at the ford: “We will spend the night at Geba.” Ramah trembles; Gibeah of Saul flees.
Zechariah · 1
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Zechariah 14:10 מִגֶּ֣בַע from Geba
All the land from Geba to Rimmon south of Jerusalem will be turned into a plain, but Jerusalem will be raised up and will remain in her place, from the Benjamin Gate to the site of the First Gate to the Corner Gate, and from the Tower of Hananel to the royal winepresses.
Here: 'From Geba', a town of Benjamin a few miles north-northeast of Jerusalem. It traditionally marked Judah's northern limit (2 Kings 23:8).
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.