Hebrew word · H2371
חֲזָהאֵל
chazah'el
Hazael
A personal name, "El (God) has seen", made from ḥāzāh, "to see, behold", and ʾēl, "God". It is an Aramaic-style name. The ʾēl in it need not refer to Israel's God.
Appears 23 times in 21 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.19.15;
father of: Ben-hadad (H1130I)
§ Hazael = "one who sees God"
a king of Syria; sent by his master, Ben-hadad, to the prophet Elisha, to seek a remedy for Ben-hadad's leprosy; apparently later killed Ben-hadad, assumed the throne, and soon became engaged in a war with the kings of Judah and Israel for the possession of the city of Ramoth-gilead
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of 1 Kings 19:17
- Range of meaning
A personal name, "El (God) has seen", made from ḥāzāh, "to see, behold", and ʾēl, "God". It is an Aramaic-style name. The ʾēl in it need not refer to Israel's God.
- Against the English
English simply transliterates the name. Readers lose the meaning of the name and the fact that he was a historical king known from inscriptions outside the Bible.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Hazael is well attested outside the Bible. The annals of the Assyrian king Shalmaneser III (841 and 838 BCE) name "Hazael (Ḫa-za-ʾ-i-li) of Damascus" and call him "son of a nobody", meaning a usurper, which fits 2 Kgs 8:7–15. Inscribed ivory pieces and a bronze horse ornament mention "our lord Hazael". Most scholars attribute the Tel Dan stele (an Aramaic victory inscription found at Dan) to him. In the Bible: 2 Kgs 8:7–15, 28–29; 10:32–33; 12:17–18; 13:3, 22; Amos 1:3–4.
Similar words
Where it appears
1 Kings · 2
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1 Kings 19:15 חֲזָאֵ֛ל Hazael
Then the LORD said to him, “Go back by the way you came, and go to the Desert of Damascus. When you arrive, you are to anoint Hazael as king over Aram.
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1 Kings 19:17 חֲזָאֵ֖ל Hazael
Then Jehu will put to death whoever escapes the sword of Hazael, and Elisha will put to death whoever escapes the sword of Jehu.
Here: The Aramean officer whom Elijah has just been told to anoint king over Aram-Damascus (v. 15). He is the first and outermost ring of judgment, a foreign king who strikes Israel.
2 Kings · 18
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2 Kings 8:8 חֲזָהאֵ֗ל Hazael
So the king said to Hazael, “Take a gift in your hand, go to meet the man of God, and inquire of the LORD through him, ‘Will I recover from this illness?’”
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2 Kings 8:9 חֲזָאֵל֮ Hazael
So Hazael went to meet Elisha, taking with him a gift of forty camel loads of every good thing from Damascus. And he went in and stood before him and said, “Your son Ben-hadad king of Aram has sent me to ask, ‘Will I recover from this illness?’”
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2 Kings 8:12 חֲזָאֵ֔ל Hazael
“Why is my lord weeping?” asked Hazael. “Because I know the evil you will do to the Israelites,” Elisha replied. “You will set fire to their fortresses, kill their young men with the sword, dash their little ones to pieces, and rip open their pregnant women.”
Here: A high official of King Ben-hadad of Damascus, sent to ask Elisha whether the king would recover. His name means 'God has seen' (or 'El sees'), which becomes ironic in verse 13 when Elisha says the LORD has 'shown' him Hazael's future.
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2 Kings 8:13 חֲזָהאֵ֔ל Hazael
“But how could your servant, a mere dog, do such a monstrous thing?” said Hazael. And Elisha answered, “The LORD has shown me that you will be king over Aram.”
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2 Kings 8:15 חֲזָהאֵ֖ל Hazael
But the next day Hazael took a thick cloth, dipped it in water, and spread it over the king’s face. So Ben-hadad died, and Hazael reigned in his place.
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2 Kings 8:28 חֲזָהאֵ֥ל Hazael
Then Ahaziah went with Joram son of Ahab to fight against Hazael king of Aram at Ramoth-gilead, and the Arameans wounded Joram.
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2 Kings 8:29 חֲזָהאֵ֖ל Hazael
So King Joram returned to Jezreel to recover from the wounds that the Arameans had inflicted on him at Ramah when he fought against Hazael king of Aram. Then Ahaziah son of Jehoram king of Judah went down to Jezreel to visit Joram son of Ahab, because Joram had been wounded.
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2 Kings 9:14 חֲזָאֵ֖ל Hazael
Thus Jehu son of Jehoshaphat, the son of Nimshi, conspired against Joram. (Now Joram and all Israel had been defending Ramoth-gilead against Hazael king of Aram,
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2 Kings 9:15 חֲזָאֵ֖ל Hazael
but King Joram had returned to Jezreel to recover from the wounds he had suffered at the hands of the Arameans in the battle against Hazael their king.) So Jehu said, “If you commanders wish to make me king, then do not let anyone escape from the city to go and tell it in Jezreel.”
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2 Kings 10:32 חֲזָאֵ֖ל Hazael
In those days the LORD began to reduce the size of Israel. Hazael defeated the Israelites throughout their territory
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2 Kings 12:17 חֲזָאֵל֙ חֲזָאֵל֙ Hazael
At that time Hazael king of Aram marched up and fought against Gath and captured it. Then he decided to attack Jerusalem.
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2 Kings 12:18 לַֽחֲזָאֵל֙ to Hazael
So King Joash of Judah took all the sacred objects dedicated by his fathers—Jehoshaphat, Jehoram, and Ahaziah, the kings of Judah—along with his own consecrated items and all the gold found in the treasuries of the house of the LORD and the royal palace, and he sent them to Hazael king of Aram. So Hazael withdrew from Jerusalem.
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2 Kings 13:3 חֲזָאֵ֣ל חֲזָאֵ֖ל Hazael
So the anger of the LORD burned against Israel, and He delivered them continually into the hands of Hazael king of Aram and his son Ben-hadad.
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2 Kings 13:22 וַֽחֲזָאֵל֙ and Hazael
And Hazael king of Aram oppressed Israel throughout the reign of Jehoahaz.
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2 Kings 13:24 חֲזָאֵ֣ל Hazael
When Hazael king of Aram died, his son Ben-hadad reigned in his place.
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2 Kings 13:25 חֲזָאֵ֔ל Hazael
Then Jehoash son of Jehoahaz took back from Ben-hadad son of Hazael the cities that Hazael had taken in battle from his father Jehoahaz. Jehoash defeated Ben-hadad three times, and so recovered the cities of Israel.
2 Chronicles · 2
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2 Chronicles 22:5 חֲזָאֵ֥ל Hazael
Ahaziah also followed their counsel and went with Joram son of Ahab king of Israel to fight against Hazael king of Aram at Ramoth-gilead. But the Arameans wounded Joram.
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2 Chronicles 22:6 חֲזָהאֵ֖ל Hazael
So he returned to Jezreel to recover from the wounds they had inflicted on him at Ramah when he fought against Hazael king of Aram. Then Ahaziah son of Jehoram king of Judah went down to Jezreel to visit Joram son of Ahab, because Joram had been wounded.
Amos · 1
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Amos 1:4 חֲזָאֵ֑ל Hazael
So I will send fire upon the house of Hazael to consume the citadels of Ben-hadad.
Here: The army officer who seized the throne of Damascus around 842 BC (2 Kings 8:7–15). Through the late 800s he ruled the strongest power in the Levant and hit Israel hard, especially east of the Jordan (2 Kings 10:32–33; 13:3–7).
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.