Hebrew word · H2595
חֲנִית
chanit
spear
A spear or lance, a heavy thrusting or throwing weapon.
Appears 47 times in 40 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
1) spear
1a) spear
1a1) shaft of a spear
1a2) spear-head
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of 1 Samuel 18:10
- Range of meaning
A spear or lance, a heavy thrusting or throwing weapon.
- Against the English
KJV and YLT 'javelin' suggests a light throwing weapon. Most modern versions say 'spear'. In verse 11 Saul does throw it, but it is his personal, permanent spear.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Saul's spear is almost his symbol: he sits under the tamarisk at Gibeah 'with his spear in his hand' (22:6), it is stuck in the ground by his head as he sleeps (26:7, 11–12, 16, 22), and he dies leaning on it (2 Sam 1:6). He throws it at David again in 19:9–10 and at his own son Jonathan in 20:33. Goliath's spear is described in 17:7, 45.
- Range of meaning
Spear, the heavy hand spear that a warrior could thrust or throw. It is distinct from the lighter javelin (kidon) and from the lance.
- Against the English
All versions say 'spear(s)'. That is accurate.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Goliath's spear (1 Sam 17:7). Above all, Saul's spear: he hurls it at David (1 Sam 18:10–11; 19:9–10), sits holding it while Doeg informs on David (1 Sam 22:6), and David takes it from beside the sleeping king (1 Sam 26:7–22).
From the study of 1 Samuel 19:9
- Range of meaning
Spear, specifically a thrusting or throwing spear with a long shaft. Goliath's spear is one (17:7), and so is Saul's.
- Against the English
KJV/YLT say 'javelin', which in modern English suggests a light throwing spear used in sport. 'Spear' is more neutral. Saul does throw it (18:11; 19:10; 20:33), but it is the same weapon he keeps beside him as king.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Saul's spear is with him at every important moment: sitting under the tamarisk 'with his spear in his hand' (22:6), sleeping with it 'stuck in the ground at his head' (26:7), and leaning on it as he dies (2 Sam 1:6). David takes it in 26:11–12 as proof that the king's life was in his hands.
Where it appears
1 Samuel · 20
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1 Samuel 13:19 חֲנִֽית׃ a spear
And no blacksmith could be found in all the land of Israel, because the Philistines had said, “The Hebrews must not be allowed to make swords or spears.”
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1 Samuel 13:22 וַחֲנִית֙ and a spear
So on the day of battle not a sword or spear could be found in the hands of the troops with Saul and Jonathan; only Saul and his son Jonathan had weapons.
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1 Samuel 17:7 חֲנִית֗וֹ חֲנִית֔וֹ spear his
The shaft of his spear was like a weaver’s beam, and its iron point weighed six hundred shekels. In addition, his shield bearer went before him.
Here: "His spear": the heavy thrusting spear, the main weapon of a front-line fighter and the weapon of kings and champions in Samuel (Saul's spear recurs throughout 1 Samuel).
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1 Samuel 17:45 וּבַחֲנִ֣ית and with spear
But David said to the Philistine, “You come against me with sword and spear and javelin, but I come against you in the name of the LORD of Hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, whom you have defied.
Here: The thrusting spear. Goliath's had a shaft 'like a weaver's beam' and an iron head weighing 600 shekels (17:7), roughly 7 kg.
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1 Samuel 17:47 וּבַחֲנִ֖ית and by spear
And all those assembled here will know that it is not by sword or spear that the LORD saves; for the battle is the LORD’s, and He will give all of you into our hands.”
Here: The heavy thrusting spear; Goliath's shaft was 'like a weaver's beam' (v. 7). Sword and spear together echo David's words in v. 45 ('you come to me with sword and spear and javelin') and stand for conventional military might.
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1 Samuel 18:10 וְהַחֲנִ֖ית and the spear
The next day a spirit of distress sent from God came upon Saul, and he prophesied inside the house while David played the harp as usual. Now Saul was holding a spear,
Here: 'The spear', with the definite article: Saul's own spear, the one he keeps with him throughout the story (22:6; 26:7) and a sign of his royal and military authority. It is about to become a weapon against David.
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1 Samuel 18:11 הַחֲנִ֔ית the spear
and he hurled it, thinking, “I will pin David to the wall.” But David eluded him twice.
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1 Samuel 19:9 וַחֲנִית֖וֹ and spear his
But as Saul was sitting in his house with his spear in his hand, a spirit of distress from the LORD came upon him. While David was playing the harp,
Here: A spear with a long shaft. In 1 Samuel it works almost as Saul's royal emblem (18:10; 20:33; 22:6; 26:7, 11). It is a weapon and a sign of royal authority at once.
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1 Samuel 19:10 בַּֽחֲנִית֙ הַחֲנִ֖ית with the spear, the spear
Saul tried to pin him to the wall with his spear. But David eluded him and the spear struck the wall. And David fled and escaped that night.
Here: "With the spear": the spear already named in v. 9 as being in Saul's hand. The word has the article, so it means Saul's own spear, which he keeps near him throughout the story.
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1 Samuel 20:33 הַחֲנִ֛ית the spear
Then Saul hurled his spear at Jonathan to kill him. So Jonathan knew that his father was determined to kill David.
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1 Samuel 21:8 חֲנִ֣ית [is] a spear
Then David asked Ahimelech, “Is there not a spear or sword on hand here? For I have brought neither my sword nor my weapons with me, because the king’s mission was urgent.”
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1 Samuel 22:6 וַחֲנִית֣וֹ and spear his
Soon Saul learned that David and his men had been discovered. At that time Saul was sitting under the tamarisk tree on the hill at Gibeah, with his spear in hand and all his servants standing around him.
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1 Samuel 26:7 וַחֲנִית֥וֹ and spear his
That night David and Abishai came to the troops, and Saul was lying there asleep in the inner circle of the camp, with his spear stuck in the ground by his head. And Abner and the troops were lying around him.
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1 Samuel 26:8 בַּחֲנִ֤ית with the spear
Abishai said to David, “Today God has delivered your enemy into your hand. Now, therefore, please let me thrust the spear through him into the ground with one stroke. I will not need to strike him twice!”
Here: 'With THE spear': the definite article points to Saul's own spear, just described stuck in the ground by his head (v.7). It is the spear Saul twice hurled at David (18:11; 19:10).
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1 Samuel 26:11 הַחֲנִ֜ית the spear
But the LORD forbid that I should extend my hand against the LORD’s anointed. Instead, take the spear and water jug by his head, and let us go.”
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1 Samuel 26:12 הַחֲנִ֜ית the spear
So David took the spear and water jug by Saul’s head, and they departed. No one saw them or knew about it, nor did anyone wake up; they all remained asleep, because a deep sleep from the LORD had fallen on them.
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1 Samuel 26:16 חֲנִ֥ית [is] [the] spear of
This thing you have done is not good. As surely as the LORD lives, all of you deserve to die, since you did not protect your lord, the LORD’s anointed. Now look around. Where are the king’s spear and water jug that were by his head?”
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1 Samuel 26:22 חֲנִ֣ית [the] spear of
“Here is the king’s spear,” David answered. “Let one of the young men come over and get it.
2 Samuel · 9
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2 Samuel 1:6 חֲנִית֑וֹ spear his
“I happened to be on Mount Gilboa,” he replied, “and there was Saul, leaning on his spear, with the chariots and the cavalry closing in on him.
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2 Samuel 2:23 הַחֲנִ֜ית הַֽחֲנִית֙ the spear
But Asahel refused to turn away. So Abner thrust the butt of his spear into his stomach, and it came out his back, and he fell dead on the spot. And every man paused when he came to the place where Asahel had fallen and died.
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2 Samuel 21:19 חֲנִית֔וֹ spear his
Once again there was a battle with the Philistines at Gob, and Elhanan son of Jair the Bethlehemite killed the brother of Goliath the Gittite, the shaft of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam.
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2 Samuel 23:7 חֲנִ֑ית a spear
The man who touches them must be armed with iron or with the shaft of a spear. The fire burns them to ashes in the place where they lie.”
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2 Samuel 23:18 חֲנִית֔וֹ spear his
Now Abishai, the brother of Joab and son of Zeruiah, was chief of the Three, and he wielded his spear against three hundred men, killed them, and won a name along with the Three.
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2 Samuel 23:21 חֲנִ֔ית הַחֲנִית֙ בַּחֲנִיתֽוֹ׃ a spear, the spear, with own spear his
He also struck down an Egyptian, a huge man. Although the Egyptian had a spear in his hand, Benaiah went against him with a club, snatched the spear from his hand, and killed the Egyptian with his own spear.
2 Kings · 1
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2 Kings 11:10 הַחֲנִית֙ the spear
Then the priest gave to the commanders of hundreds the spears and shields of King David from the house of the LORD.
1 Chronicles · 7
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1 Chronicles 11:11 חֲנִית֛וֹ spear his
This is the list of David’s mighty men: Jashobeam son of Hachmoni was chief of the officers; he wielded his spear against three hundred men, whom he killed at one time.
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1 Chronicles 11:20 חֲנִית֔וֹ spear his
Now Abishai, the brother of Joab, was chief of the Three, and he wielded his spear against three hundred men, killed them, and won a name along with the Three.
Here: The heavy thrusting spear, the weapon of a champion (Goliath's and Saul's are both called chanit). Abishai himself once asked to pin Saul to the ground with Saul's own spear (1 Sam 26:8).
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1 Chronicles 11:23 חֲנִית֙ הַחֲנִית֙ בַּחֲנִיתֽוֹ׃ a spear, the spear, with own spear his
He also struck down an Egyptian, a huge man five cubits tall. Although the Egyptian had a spear like a weaver’s beam in his hand, Benaiah went against him with a club, snatched the spear from his hand, and killed the Egyptian with his own spear.
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1 Chronicles 12:34 וַחֲנִ֔ית and spear
From Naphtali: 1,000 commanders, accompanied by 37,000 men with shield and spear.
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1 Chronicles 20:5 חֲנִית֔וֹ spear his
Once again there was a battle with the Philistines, and Elhanan son of Jair killed Lahmi the brother of Goliath the Gittite, the shaft of whose spear was like a weaver’s beam.
2 Chronicles · 1
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2 Chronicles 23:9 הַֽחֲנִיתִים֙ the spears
Then Jehoiada the priest gave to the commanders of hundreds the spears and the large and small shields of King David that were in the house of God.
Job · 2
Psalms · 3
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Psalm 35:3 חֲנִ֣ית a spear
Draw the spear and javelin against my pursuers; say to my soul: “I am your salvation.”
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Psalm 46:9 חֲנִ֑ית spear[s]
He makes wars to cease throughout the earth; He breaks the bow and shatters the spear; He burns the shields in the fire.
Here: The heavy thrusting or throwing spear, the weapon of Goliath (1 Sam 17:7) and of Saul (1 Sam 18:10–11). Together with the bow it gives the long-range and close-range weapons, so the pair stands for the whole of a soldier's equipment.
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Psalm 57:4 חֲנִ֣ית [are] a spear
My soul is among the lions; I lie down with ravenous beasts—with men whose teeth are spears and arrows, whose tongues are sharp swords.
Here: The heavy thrusting or throwing spear of a warrior. In the David story it is the word used again and again for Saul's spear (1 Sam 18:10–11; 19:10; 22:6; 26:7–22).
Isaiah · 1
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Isaiah 2:4 וַחֲנִיתֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ and spears their
Then He will judge between the nations and arbitrate for many peoples. They will beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks. Nation will no longer take up the sword against nation, nor train anymore for war.
Here: The thrusting spear with a metal head on a shaft, the second basic weapon of the foot soldier (Goliath's and Saul's weapon in 1 Samuel 17:7; 18:10–11).
Micah · 1
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Micah 4:3 וַחֲנִיתֹֽתֵיהֶם֙ and spears their
Then He will judge between many peoples and arbitrate for strong nations far and wide. Then they will beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks. Nation will no longer take up the sword against nation, nor will they train anymore for war.
Here: The spear, a weapon of heroes and kings such as Goliath and Saul. Its iron head is what gets reworked.
Nahum · 1
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Nahum 3:3 חֲנִ֔ית a spear
Charging horseman, flashing sword, shining spear; heaps of slain, mounds of corpses, dead bodies without end—they stumble over their dead—
Habakkuk · 1
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Habakkuk 3:11 חֲנִיתֶֽךָ׃ spear your
Sun and moon stood still in their places at the flash of Your flying arrows, at the brightness of Your shining spear.
Here: "Your spear," a heavy warrior's thrusting spear like Goliath's or Saul's. Here it is God's spear, his lightning bolt, paired with the arrows as a full warrior's kit.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.