Hebrew word · H2656

חֵ֫פֶץ

chefetz

pleasure

Delight, pleasure, desire; that which one wants or takes pleasure in; by extension a valued thing ('precious stones', Isa 54:12, 'stones of ḥefets') and, in late Hebrew, an 'affair' or 'matter' (Eccl 3:1, 'a time for every ḥefets').

Appears 39 times in 38 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

1) delight, pleasure

1a) delight

1b) desire, longing

1c) the good pleasure

1d) that in which one takes delight

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Psalm 1:2

Range of meaning

Delight, pleasure, desire; that which one wants or takes pleasure in; by extension a valued thing ('precious stones', Isa 54:12, 'stones of ḥefets') and, in late Hebrew, an 'affair' or 'matter' (Eccl 3:1, 'a time for every ḥefets'). The verb ḥafets means 'to delight in, to want, to be pleased with' (Ps 37:23; 40:8).

Against the English

English 'delight' is a good match. The LXX and Vulgate, however, rendered it 'his will' (thelēma / voluntas), which shifts the stress from enjoyment to intention.

Used elsewhere in the period

Ps 40:8, 'I delight (ḥafatsti) to do your will; your torah is within my heart'; Ps 112:1, the one who 'greatly delights in his commandments'; Ps 119:35, 'in it I delight'. 1 Sam 15:22: does the LORD have 'delight' in offerings as much as in obedience?

From the study of Proverbs 8:11

Range of meaning

Delight or pleasure. It can mean the thing that is delighted in, such as a valued object or treasure ('stones of ḥefeṣ' = precious stones, Isaiah 54:12). It can also mean will or wish, and in later Hebrew (Ecclesiastes) a matter or business. The plural ḥăfāṣîm here means 'desirable things, valuables'.

Against the English

KJV 'all the things that may be desired' and YLT 'all delights' stay close. BSB and NIV 'nothing you desire' can be heard as any inner longing at all, including relationships, goals and dreams, when the context is about possessions and treasure.

Used elsewhere in the period

Proverbs 3:15 has the same line with a suffix: 'all your desirable things (ḥăfāṣêkhā) do not equal her'. In Isaiah 54:12 the word describes jewels in rebuilt Jerusalem, which shows its use for physical valuables.

From the study of Isaiah 44:28

Range of meaning

Delight or pleasure in something; then what one wants, one's desire or will; then one's purpose, plan or affair. In later Hebrew it also came to mean 'matter, thing'. With God as the subject in Isaiah 40–55 it means his intended plan in history (44:28; 46:10; 48:14; 53:10).

Against the English

KJV and WEB say 'my pleasure'. In 1611 this meant 'what I please, my will', as in 'at His Majesty's pleasure'. Modern readers hear enjoyment or gratification. 'Purpose' (ESV) and 'all that I desire' (BSB) are closer.

How it drifted

English 'pleasure' meaning 'will, wish' survives only in fixed phrases ('at the King's pleasure'). The ordinary modern meaning is enjoyment.

Used elsewhere in the period

Isaiah 46:10–11 is the closest parallel: 'My counsel shall stand, and I will do all my ḥēpeṣ… calling a bird of prey from the east [Cyrus].' Isaiah 48:14: 'he shall perform his ḥēpeṣ on Babylon.' Isaiah 53:10: 'the ḥēpeṣ of the LORD shall prosper in his hand.'

Where it appears

1 Samuel · 2
  1. 1 Samuel 15:22 הַחֵ֤פֶץ ¿ [does] delight

    But Samuel declared: “Does the LORD delight in burnt offerings and sacrifices as much as in obedience to His voice? Behold, obedience is better than sacrifice, and attentiveness is better than the fat of rams.

    Here: The prefix ha- turns the sentence into a question: 'Is there delight…?' Chefets is what someone actually wants and takes pleasure in. The question is not whether God commanded sacrifice. It is what he really desires.

  2. 1 Samuel 18:25 חֵ֤פֶץ delight

    Saul replied, “Say to David, ‘The king desires no other dowry but a hundred Philistine foreskins as revenge on his enemies.’” But Saul intended to cause David’s death at the hands of the Philistines.

2 Samuel · 1
  1. 2 Samuel 23:5 חֵ֖פֶץ desire

    Is not my house right with God? For He has established with me an everlasting covenant, ordered and secured in every part. Will He not bring about my full salvation and my every desire?

    Here: What one delights in or longs for. Here it is David's heart's desire for his house, which God's covenant promised.

1 Kings · 5
  1. 1 Kings 5:8 חֶפְצְךָ֔ desire your

    Then Hiram sent a reply to Solomon, saying: “I have received your message; I will do all you desire regarding the cedar and cypress timber.

    Here: "Your desire": what you want, your stated requirement. In this business setting it means the order Solomon placed, not a feeling of longing. In 5:9 Hiram turns the same word around: "you will do my desire" by supplying food.

  2. 1 Kings 5:9 חֶפְצִ֔י desire my

    My servants will haul the logs from Lebanon to the Sea, and I will float them as rafts by sea to the place you specify. There I will separate the logs, and you can take them away. And in exchange, you can meet my needs by providing my household with food.”

  3. 1 Kings 5:10 חֶפְצֽוֹ׃ desire his

    So Hiram provided Solomon with all the cedar and cypress timber he wanted,

  4. 1 Kings 9:11 חֶפְצ֑וֹ desire his

    King Solomon gave twenty towns in the land of Galilee to Hiram king of Tyre, who had supplied him with cedar and cypress logs and gold for his every desire.

  5. 1 Kings 10:13 חֶפְצָהּ֙ desire her

    King Solomon gave the queen of Sheba all she desired—whatever she asked—besides what he had given her out of his royal bounty. Then she left and returned to her own country, along with her servants.

2 Chronicles · 1
  1. 2 Chronicles 9:12 חֶפְצָהּ֙ desire her

    King Solomon gave the queen of Sheba all she desired—whatever she asked—far more than she had brought the king. Then she left and returned to her own country, along with her servants.

Job · 3
  1. Job 21:21 חֶפְצ֣וֹ [is] pleasure his

    For what does he care about his household after him, when the number of his months has run out?

  2. Job 22:3 הַחֵ֣פֶץ ¿ [does] pleasure

    Does it delight the Almighty that you are righteous? Does He profit if your ways are blameless?

  3. Job 31:16 מֵחֵ֣פֶץ any of [the] desire of

    If I have denied the desires of the poor or allowed the widow’s eyes to fail,

    Here: "From the wish of": what the poor wanted and came to ask for. Here it is their request or need, not luxuries or whims.

Psalms · 4
  1. Psalm 1:2 חֶ֫פְצ֥וֹ delight his

    But his delight is in the Law of the LORD, and on His law he meditates day and night.

    Here: 'His delight': what he wants and enjoys, where his desire goes. Not grudging duty: the Torah is the thing he takes pleasure in.

  2. Psalm 16:3 חֶפְצִי־ delight my

    As for the saints in the land, they are the excellence in whom all my delight resides.

    Here: 'My delight.' What a person takes pleasure in and wants, where their heart leans. It is a word about where loyalty and affection go.

  3. Psalm 107:30 חֶפְצָֽם׃ desire their

    They rejoiced in the silence, and He guided them to the harbor they desired.

  4. Psalm 111:2 חֶפְצֵיהֶֽם׃ [those] delighting in them

    Great are the works of the LORD; they are pondered by all who delight in them.

    Here: "Those delighting in them," where "them" means the works. These people want the works and enjoy them, and their delight drives their searching. A minority reading takes the word as a noun, "their delights / purposes."

Proverbs · 3
  1. Proverbs 3:15 חֲ֝פָצֶ֗יךָ pleasures your

    She is more precious than rubies; nothing you desire compares with her.

    Here: 'Your delights', meaning the things you take pleasure in and want to own. In context these are valuables, as in 'stones of ḥēp̄eṣ' (precious stones, Isa 54:12). The 'your' is the son being taught.

  2. Proverbs 8:11 חֲ֝פָצִ֗ים pleasures

    For wisdom is more precious than rubies, and nothing you desire compares with her.

    Here: Things someone takes pleasure in and wants to own: treasures and precious objects (compare "stones of ḥefeṣ", meaning precious stones, in Isaiah 54:12). It means desirable things, not desire as a feeling.

  3. Proverbs 31:13 בְּחֵ֣פֶץ in [the] delight of

    She selects wool and flax and works with eager hands.

Ecclesiastes · 7
  1. Ecclesiastes 3:1 חֵ֖פֶץ matter

    To everything there is a season, and a time for every purpose under heaven:

    Here: Originally "delight, desire", but in late Hebrew also "matter, business, affair", the things people take up and do. Here it means every human activity or affair, the doings listed in vv. 2–8. It does not mean a reason or goal behind events.

  2. Ecclesiastes 3:17 חֵ֔פֶץ matter

    I said in my heart, “God will judge the righteous and the wicked, since there is a time for every activity and every deed.”

    Here: Earlier the word meant "delight, desire". In Ecclesiastes it means "matter, affair, business" (3:1; 5:8; 8:6): any human undertaking. It does not mean "purpose" in the sense of the meaning of life.

  3. Ecclesiastes 5:4 חֵ֖פֶץ [is] pleasure

    When you make a vow to God, do not delay in fulfilling it, because He takes no pleasure in fools. Fulfill your vow.

    Here: 'Delight, favour, pleasure.' In worship settings this is the word for what God accepts (Malachi 1:10, 'I have no pleasure in you'). In Ecclesiastes it can also mean 'business, affair' (3:1).

  4. Ecclesiastes 5:8 הַחֵ֑פֶץ the matter

    If you see the oppression of the poor and the denial of justice and righteousness in the province, do not be astonished at the matter; for one official is watched by a superior, and others higher still are over them.

    Here: Originally 'desire, pleasure', but in Ecclesiastes (3:1, 3:17, 8:6) it has the later sense 'matter, business, affair'. 'The thing' you have just seen.

  5. Ecclesiastes 8:6 חֵ֔פֶץ matter

    For there is a right time and procedure to every purpose, though a man’s misery weighs heavily upon him.

  6. Ecclesiastes 12:1 חֵֽפֶץ׃ pleasure

    Remember your Creator in the days of your youth, before the days of adversity come and the years approach of which you will say, “I find no pleasure in them,”

    Here: What one finds delightful or worth wanting. Elsewhere in Ecclesiastes the same word means 'matter, business' (3:1, 'a time for every matter'). Here it is the loss of appetite for life: nothing left that you want.

  7. Ecclesiastes 12:10 חֵ֑פֶץ delight

    The Teacher searched to find delightful sayings and to record accurate words of truth.

Isaiah · 8
  1. Isaiah 44:28 חֶפְצִ֖י desire my

    who says of Cyrus, ‘My shepherd will fulfill all that I desire,’ who says of Jerusalem, ‘She will be rebuilt,’ and of the temple, ‘Let its foundation be laid.’”

    Here: What God wants and intends: his chosen purpose or plan, not 'pleasure' in the sense of enjoyment. Isaiah 46:10 uses the same phrase: 'all my purpose I will do.'

  2. Isaiah 46:10 חֶפְצִ֖י desire my

    I declare the end from the beginning, and from ancient times what is still to come. I say, ‘My purpose will stand, and all My good pleasure I will accomplish.’

    Here: "My desire": what God wants and has set his heart on, so his purpose. Isaiah 44:28 says Cyrus "will fulfil all my ḥēpeṣ", so the word points to the same concrete plan, not to mere enjoyment.

  3. Isaiah 48:14 חֶפְצוֹ֙ pleasure his

    Come together, all of you, and listen: Which of the idols has foretold these things? The LORD’s chosen ally will carry out His desire against Babylon, and His arm will be against the Chaldeans.

  4. Isaiah 53:10 וְחֵ֥פֶץ and [the] pleasure of

    Yet it was the LORD’s will to crush Him and to cause Him to suffer; and when His soul is made a guilt offering, He will see His offspring, He will prolong His days, and the good pleasure of the LORD will prosper in His hand.

    Here: 'And the purpose / will of'. It is the noun from the same root as the verse's second word: what Yahweh willed at the start is the plan that succeeds at the end.

  5. Isaiah 54:12 חֵֽפֶץ׃ delight

    I will make your pinnacles of rubies, your gates of sparkling jewels, and all your walls of precious stones.

  6. Isaiah 58:3 חֵ֔פֶץ pleasure

    “Why have we fasted, and You have not seen? Why have we humbled ourselves, and You have not noticed?” “Behold, on the day of your fast, you do as you please, and you oppress all your workers.

    Here: What you want, your own interests, and probably your business dealings. It echoes v. 2, where they 'delight' (same root) in God's ways. Their real delight shows on the fast day.

  7. Isaiah 58:13 חֲפָצֶ֖יךָ חֶפְצְךָ֖ pleasures your, pleasure your

    If you turn your foot from breaking the Sabbath, from doing as you please on My holy day, if you call the Sabbath a delight, and the LORD’s holy day honorable, if you honor it by not going your own way or seeking your own pleasure or speaking idle words,

    Here: 'Your desires/affairs' (plural). It means what you want, and so what you set out to do: your own pursuits and business. Verse 3 uses the same word for the business people kept chasing on fast days while they drove their workers.

Jeremiah · 2
  1. Jeremiah 22:28 חֵ֖פֶץ [is] pleasure

    Is this man Coniah a despised and shattered pot, a jar that no one wants? Why are he and his descendants hurled out and cast into a land they do not know?

    Here: What someone takes pleasure in or wants. 'A vessel in which there is no delight' is a stock phrase for an object nobody wants to keep (Hos 8:8; Jer 48:38).

  2. Jeremiah 48:38 חֵ֥פֶץ [is] pleasure

    On all the rooftops of Moab and in the public squares, everyone is mourning; for I have shattered Moab like an unwanted jar,” declares the LORD.

Hosea · 1
  1. Hosea 8:8 חֵ֥פֶץ [is] pleasure

    Israel is swallowed up! Now they are among the nations like a worthless vessel.

Malachi · 2
  1. Malachi 1:10 חֵ֜פֶץ pleasure

    “Oh, that one of you would shut the temple doors, so that you would no longer kindle useless fires on My altar! I take no pleasure in you,” says the LORD of Hosts, “and I will accept no offering from your hands.

    Here: Being glad in someone and wanting them. God says he takes no pleasure in these priests, the way someone has no use for a broken pot (Jeremiah 22:28; Hosea 8:8).

  2. Malachi 3:12 חֵ֔פֶץ delight

    “Then all the nations will call you blessed, for you will be a land of delight,” says the LORD of Hosts.

    Here: "Delight": something taken pleasure in or wanted. In Malachi the word carries a story: in 1:10 God says "I have no ḥefets (pleasure) in you"; here the people become a land of ḥefets. It probably includes both God's pleasure in them and the desirability others will see.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.