Hebrew word · H2900

טוֹבִיָּ֫הוּ

toiyah

Tobiah

A personal name meaning "YHWH is good". In Nehemiah it refers to "Tobiah the Ammonite official" (literally "servant", a title also used for royal officials).

Appears 18 times in 17 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

A man of the Ammonites living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Neh.2.10; married to daughter_of_Shecaniah (H7935N);

father of: Jehohanan (H3076O)

§ Tobiah = "Jehovah is good"

1) head of a family who returned from exile with Zerubbabel but who were unable to prove their connection with Israel

2) the Ammonite who with Sanballat opposed the rebuilding of Jerusalem

3) a Levite in the reign of Jehoshaphat

4) a chief of the returning exiles

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Nehemiah 13:4

Range of meaning

A personal name meaning "YHWH is good". In Nehemiah it refers to "Tobiah the Ammonite official" (literally "servant", a title also used for royal officials).

Against the English

English readers may assume a foreign pagan. The name honours Israel's God, which suggests a family of Judahite or Yahweh-worshipping descent that held power in the Ammonite region east of the Jordan.

Used elsewhere in the period

A Tobiad family in Transjordan is documented later. The Zenon papyri (about 259 BCE) mention a Tobias who ruled in the Ammonite region. The family estate at ʿAraq el-Emir in Jordan bears the inscribed name ṬWBYH. Josephus (Antiquities 12.4) tells stories of the later Tobiads, Joseph and Hyrcanus. Many scholars connect Nehemiah's Tobiah with the early history of this family. The connection is likely but not proven.

Where it appears

2 Chronicles · 1
  1. 2 Chronicles 17:8 וְטֽוֹבִיָּ֛הוּ and Tobijah

    accompanied by certain Levites—Shemaiah, Nethaniah, Zebadiah, Asahel, Shemiramoth, Jehonathan, Adonijah, Tobijah, and Tob-adonijah—along with the priests Elishama and Jehoram.

Ezra · 1
  1. Ezra 2:60 טוֹבִיָּ֖ה Tobiah

    the descendants of Delaiah, the descendants of Tobiah, and the descendants of Nekoda, 652 in all.

Nehemiah · 14
  1. Nehemiah 2:10 וְטֽוֹבִיָּה֙ and Tobiah

    But when Sanballat the Horonite and Tobiah the Ammonite official heard about this, they were deeply disturbed that someone had come to seek the well-being of the Israelites.

    Here: A Yahwistic name meaning 'Yah(weh) is good.' This sets up the bitter wordplay at the end of the verse: the man named 'Yahweh is good' is upset that someone has come to seek good for Israel.

  2. Nehemiah 2:19 וְטֹבִיָּ֣ה׀ and Tobiah

    But when Sanballat the Horonite, Tobiah the Ammonite official, and Geshem the Arab heard about this, they mocked us and ridiculed us, saying, “What is this you are doing? Are you rebelling against the king?”

    Here: A name built on Israel's God: 'YHWH is good.' Tobiah was a worshipper of YHWH, or came from a family that was, and he had marriage ties to leading families in Jerusalem (6:17–18; 13:4).

  3. Nehemiah 4:3 וְטוֹבִיָּ֥ה and Tobiah

    Then Tobiah the Ammonite, who was beside him, said, “If even a fox were to climb up on what they are building, it would break down their wall of stones!”

  4. Nehemiah 4:7 וְ֠טוֹבִיָּה and Tobiah

    When Sanballat and Tobiah, together with the Arabs, Ammonites, and Ashdodites, heard that the repair to the walls of Jerusalem was progressing and that the gaps were being closed, they were furious,

    Here: "Yahweh is good," a name that honours Israel's God. Nehemiah calls him "the Ammonite official" (2:10). He was apparently a well-connected man linked with the region east of the Jordan.

  5. Nehemiah 6:1 וְ֠טוֹבִיָּה and Tobiah

    When Sanballat, Tobiah, Geshem the Arab, and the rest of our enemies heard that I had rebuilt the wall and not a gap was left—though to that time I had not yet installed the doors in the gates—

  6. Nehemiah 6:12 וְטוֹבִיָּ֥ה and Tobiah

    I realized that God had not sent him, but that he had uttered this prophecy against me because Tobiah and Sanballat had hired him.

  7. Nehemiah 6:14 לְטוֹבִיָּ֥ה to Tobiah

    O my God, remember Tobiah and Sanballat for what they have done, and also Noadiah the prophetess and the other prophets who tried to intimidate me.

  8. Nehemiah 6:17 טוֹבִיָּ֑ה לְטוֹבִיָּ֖ה Tobiah, [belonged] to Tobiah

    Also in those days, the nobles of Judah sent many letters to Tobiah, and Tobiah’s letters kept coming to them.

  9. Nehemiah 6:19 טוֹבִיָּ֖ה Tobiah

    Moreover, these nobles kept reporting to me Tobiah’s good deeds, and they relayed my words to him. And Tobiah sent letters to intimidate me.

  10. Nehemiah 7:62 טוֹבִיָּ֖ה Tobiah

    the descendants of Delaiah, the descendants of Tobiah, and the descendants of Nekoda, 642 in all.

  11. Nehemiah 13:4 לְטוֹבִיָּֽה׃ to Tobiah

    Now before this, Eliashib the priest, a relative of Tobiah, had been put in charge of the storerooms of the house of our God

    Here: "To Tobiah", whose name means "YHWH is good". He was the "Ammonite official" who had opposed Nehemiah's rebuilding all along (2:10, 19; 4:3, 7; 6:1–19). After the Ammonite law just read in 13:1–3, his name comes as a jolt.

  12. Nehemiah 13:7 לְט֣וֹבִיָּ֔ה for Tobiah

    to return to Jerusalem. Then I discovered the evil that Eliashib had done on behalf of Tobiah by providing him a room in the courts of the house of God.

  13. Nehemiah 13:8 טוֹבִיָּ֛ה Tobiah

    And I was greatly displeased and threw all of Tobiah’s household goods out of the room.

Zechariah · 2
  1. Zechariah 6:10 טוֹבִיָּ֖ה Tobiah

    “Take an offering from the exiles—from Heldai, Tobijah, and Jedaiah, who have arrived from Babylon—and go that same day to the house of Josiah son of Zephaniah.

  2. Zechariah 6:14 וּלְטוֹבִיָּ֣ה and to Tobiah

    The crown will reside in the temple of the LORD as a memorial to Helem, Tobijah, Jedaiah, and the gracious son of Zephaniah.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.