יָסַד

Exodus 9:18 הִוָּסְדָ֖ה was founded it

Behold, at this time tomorrow I will rain down the worst hail that has ever fallen on Egypt, from the day it was founded until now.

Joshua 6:26 יְיַסְּדֶ֔נָּה he will found it

At that time Joshua invoked this solemn oath: “Cursed before the LORD is the man who rises up and rebuilds this city, Jericho; at the cost of his firstborn he will lay its foundations; at the cost of his youngest he will set up its gates.”

Here: 'He will lay its foundation'. This is the first stage of building, especially the footings of walls. It is a prediction of consequence, not a command.

1 Kings 5:17 לְיַסֵּ֥ד to found

And the king commanded them to quarry large, costly stones to lay the foundation of the temple with dressed stones.

1 Kings 6:37 יֻסַּ֖ד it was founded

The foundation of the house of the LORD was laid in the fourth year of Solomon’s reign, in the month of Ziv.

Here: "Was founded". The verb is passive, and the builder is left unnamed because 6:1 has already named Solomon. It marks the formal start of construction: laying the foundation was the moment the project officially began.

1 Kings 7:10 וּמְיֻסָּ֕ד and [it was] founded

The foundations were laid with large, costly stones, some ten cubits long and some eight cubits long.

1 Kings 16:34 יִסְּדָ֗הּ he founded it

In Ahab’s days, Hiel the Bethelite rebuilt Jericho. At the cost of Abiram his firstborn he laid its foundation, and at the cost of Segub his youngest he set up its gates, according to the word that the LORD had spoken through Joshua son of Nun.

Here: He laid its foundation, the first stage of building. 'It' is the city, which is feminine in Hebrew.

1 Chronicles 9:22 יִסַּ֥ד he had appointed

The number of those chosen to be gatekeepers at the thresholds was 212. They were registered by genealogy in their villages. David and Samuel the seer had appointed them to their positions of trust.

2 Chronicles 3:3 הוּסַ֣ד [are] [the] founding of

The foundation that Solomon laid for the house of God was sixty cubits long and twenty cubits wide, according to the old standard.

2 Chronicles 24:27 וִיסוֹד֙ and [the] founding of

The accounts of the sons of Joash and the many pronouncements about him, and of the restoration of the house of God, are indeed written in the Treatise of the Book of the Kings. And his son Amaziah reigned in his place.

2 Chronicles 31:7 לְיִסּ֑וֹד to found

In the third month they began building up the heaps, and they finished in the seventh month.

Ezra 3:6 יֻסָּֽד׃ it was founded

On the first day of the seventh month, the Israelites began to offer burnt offerings to the LORD, although the foundation of the temple of the LORD had not been laid.

Ezra 3:10 וְיִסְּד֥וּ and they founded

When the builders had laid the foundation of the temple of the LORD, the priests in their apparel with trumpets, and the Levites (the sons of Asaph) with cymbals, took their positions to praise the LORD, as David king of Israel had prescribed.

Here: An intensive-stem verb (Piel) meaning to found, establish, or set a building on its base. Here it marks the official 'founding' of the rebuilt temple. It probably means restoring and re-laying the platform of the destroyed building, not breaking new ground. The unusual verb form with 'and' works as a time clause: 'when the builders founded…'.

Ezra 3:11 הוּסַ֥ד it was founded

And they sang responsively with praise and thanksgiving to the LORD: “For He is good; for His loving devotion to Israel endures forever.” Then all the people gave a great shout of praise to the LORD, because the foundation of the house of the LORD had been laid.

Here: 'It had been founded.' The verb form is passive ('was founded') and describes a finished act. It marks the official start of rebuilding the temple, not a completed building.

Ezra 3:12 בְּיָסְד֔וֹ when founded it

But many of the older priests, Levites, and family heads who had seen the first temple wept loudly when they saw the foundation of this temple. Still, many others shouted joyfully.

Esther 1:8 יִסַּ֣ד he had appointed

By order of the king, no limit was placed on the drinking, and every official of his household was to serve each man whatever he desired.

Job 38:4 בְּיָסְדִי־ when founded I

Where were you when I laid the foundations of the earth? Tell Me, if you have understanding.

Here: Literally "in my founding": the preposition 'in/when', a verb form used like a noun, and 'my'. God names Himself as the builder doing the founding. The picture is a building being set on its base.

Psalm 2:2 נֽוֹסְדוּ־ they seat themselves

The kings of the earth take their stand and the rulers gather together, against the LORD and against His Anointed One:

Here: Its form is from the root 'to found, lay a foundation', but here it most likely means 'they have gathered and plotted together'. The same form in Ps 31:13 (Hebrew v. 14) means 'when they conspire together against me'. The tense presents the alliance as already formed.

Psalm 8:2 יִסַּ֪דְתָּ֫ you have established

From the mouths of children and infants You have ordained praise on account of Your adversaries, to silence the enemy and avenger.

Here: A builder's verb: to lay a foundation. The same root is used for God founding the earth (Ps 24:2; 104:5). The form is a completed action: God has already laid this foundation, and it stands.

Psalm 24:2 יְסָדָ֑הּ he founded it

For He has founded it upon the seas and established it upon the waters.

Here: 'He laid its foundation.' It is builder's language, used for laying a temple's foundation stones. The feminine 'it' refers back to 'the earth/world' of verse 1. The form describes a completed act.

Psalm 31:13 בְּהִוָּסְדָ֣ם when they seated themselves

For I hear the slander of many; there is terror on every side. They conspire against me and plot to take my life.

Here: 'When they sit together in council': a gathering for deliberation, the same picture as Ps 2:2, where rulers 'take counsel together'. The talk has turned into an organised plan.

Psalm 78:69 יְסָדָ֥הּ [which] he founded it

He built His sanctuary like the heights, like the earth He has established forever.

Here: 'He laid its foundation.' The feminine 'it' points back to 'earth' (feminine in Hebrew), so this is a relative clause: 'the earth that he founded.' Building language for creation and creation language for a building sit side by side.

Psalm 89:11 יְסַדְתָּֽם׃ you founded them

The heavens are Yours, and also the earth. The earth and its fullness You founded.

Here: 'You laid their foundations', a building word, as when a builder sets the foundation stones of a house or temple. The verb form describes a finished act: the world stands because God laid its base.

Psalm 102:25 יָסַ֑דְתָּ you founded

In the beginning You laid the foundations of the earth, and the heavens are the work of Your hands.

Here: A builder's word: God set the earth on its foundations like a builder sets a house or temple. The verb form marks a completed act; the founding is done and stands.

Psalm 104:5 יָֽסַד־ he established

He set the earth on its foundations, never to be moved.

Here: 'He founded': a builder's word, used for laying the foundation stones of a house, city wall or temple. God is pictured as a master builder setting the earth down like a building on its footings. The verb is a completed past action: the founding is done.

Psalm 104:8 יָסַ֬דְתָּ you had established

the mountains rose and the valleys sank to the place You assigned for them—

Psalm 119:152 יְסַדְתָּֽם׃ you have established them

Long ago I learned from Your testimonies that You have established them forever.

Proverbs 3:19 יָֽסַד־ he founded

The LORD founded the earth by wisdom and established the heavens by understanding.

Here: A building word: to lay the foundation stones of a structure, used for laying the foundations of the temple. The earth is pictured as a building set on foundations. The verb form presents the act as complete.

Song of Songs 5:15 מְיֻסָּדִ֖ים founded

His legs are pillars of marble set on bases of pure gold. His appearance is like Lebanon, as majestic as the cedars.

Isaiah 14:32 יִסַּ֣ד he has founded

What answer will be given to the envoys of that nation? “The LORD has founded Zion, where His afflicted people will find refuge.”

Here: A completed act: he has laid Zion's foundation. It is a builder's word for setting the base stones, so it suggests stability already settled, not something still to be bargained for.

Isaiah 23:13 יְסָדָ֣הּ it allocated it

Look at the land of the Chaldeans—a people now of no account. The Assyrians destined it for the desert creatures; they set up their siege towers and stripped its palaces. They brought it to ruin.

Isaiah 28:16 יִסַּ֥ד מוּסָּ֔ד he has laid, founded

So this is what the Lord GOD says: “See, I lay a stone in Zion, a tested stone, a precious cornerstone, a sure foundation; the one who believes will never be shaken.

Here: As pointed it is a past tense, "has founded"; read with "behold I" it means "I am the one who has laid the foundation" or, with the Qumran scroll, "I am laying". Either way the foundation is God's work and already settled.

Isaiah 44:28 תִּוָּסֵֽד׃ ס let it be refounded

who says of Cyrus, ‘My shepherd will fulfill all that I desire,’ who says of Jerusalem, ‘She will be rebuilt,’ and of the temple, ‘Let its foundation be laid.’”

Here: A passive, 'will have its foundation laid'. Laying a temple's foundation was a formal, ceremonial act that marked a new beginning. The form can be read as 'you will be founded', addressed to the temple, which explains the KJV's 'thy foundation'.

Isaiah 48:13 יָ֣סְדָה it founded

Surely My own hand founded the earth, and My right hand spread out the heavens; when I summon them, they stand up together.

Here: A building word: to lay the foundation stones of a house, city wall or temple. The earth is pictured as a structure set on firm footings. It is a completed act (perfect form), done once and standing ever since.

Isaiah 51:13 וְיֹסֵ֣ד and [who] founded

But you have forgotten the LORD, your Maker, who stretched out the heavens and laid the foundations of the earth. You live in terror all day long because of the fury of the oppressor who is bent on destruction. But where is the fury of the oppressor?

Here: A building word: laying a foundation so the structure stands firm. The earth rests on footings God himself laid, which is the opposite of how unstable Israel feels.

Isaiah 51:16 וְלִיסֹ֣ד and to found

I have put My words in your mouth, and covered you with the shadow of My hand, to establish the heavens, to found the earth, and to say to Zion, ‘You are My people.’”

Here: 'And to found': to lay the foundation stones of a building. Here the earth is pictured as a solidly grounded structure.

Isaiah 54:11 וִיסַדְתִּ֖יךְ and I will refound you

“O afflicted city, lashed by storms, without solace, surely I will set your stones in antimony and lay your foundations with sapphires.

Here: Literally 'and I will found you'. The object is Zion herself, not just 'your foundations'. The woman and the city are one, and God personally lays her foundation again.

Amos 9:6 יְסָדָ֑הּ he has founds it

He builds His upper rooms in the heavens and founds His vault upon the earth. He summons the waters of the sea and pours them over the face of the earth. The LORD is His name.

Here: 'He founded it.' This is a completed action: the vault was set firmly in place. The word is used for laying temple foundations (1 Kings 5:17; Ezra 3), so the building picture continues. 'It' is feminine and points back to aguddah.

Habakkuk 1:12 יְסַדְתּֽוֹ׃ you have established it

Are You not from everlasting, O LORD, my God, my Holy One? We will not die. O LORD, You have appointed them to execute judgment; O Rock, You have established them for correction.

Here: This is a building word, used for laying a foundation. The Rock has 'founded' Babylon for this job. Babylon's power is something God built for a purpose, not something it achieved by itself.

Haggai 2:18 יֻסַּ֥ד it was founded

Consider carefully from this day forward—from the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month, the day the foundation of the LORD’s temple was laid—consider carefully:

Here: A passive verb, "was founded." No builder is named; what matters is the event. The word can mean laying actual foundations, or more broadly establishing or restoring a building.

Zechariah 4:9 יִסְּד֛וּ they have founded

“The hands of Zerubbabel have laid the foundation of this house, and his hands will complete it. Then you will know that the LORD of Hosts has sent me to you.

Here: A perfect verb, describing completed action: the founding has already happened. This verb form (Piel) can mean laying a foundation for the first time, and it can also mean re-founding or restoring a building. Which one is meant here is debated (see debates).

Zechariah 8:9 יֻסַּ֨ד [when] it was founded

This is what the LORD of Hosts says: “Let your hands be strong, you who now hear these words spoken by the prophets who were present when the foundations were laid to rebuild the temple, the house of the LORD of Hosts.

Here: '[It] was founded', a passive. This is the same form Haggai 2:18 uses for the day the temple was founded, so the echo is deliberate. It may mean a formal re-founding or restoration ceremony rather than the first stone ever laid.

Zechariah 12:1 וְיֹסֵ֣ד and [who] founded

This is the burden of the word of the LORD concerning Israel. Thus declares the LORD, who stretches out the heavens and lays the foundation of the earth, who forms the spirit of man within him:

Here: 'And the one who founds'. A builder's word, used for laying the foundations of a temple or a city. The earth is pictured as a structure Yahweh set on stable foundations (Job 38:4–6; Ps 104:5).