Hebrew word · H3407
יְרִיעָה
hayri'ah
curtain
A length of woven cloth used as tent fabric: a tent-panel or tent-cloth. In the Pentateuch it is used almost entirely for the panels of the tabernacle (the linen panels of Exod 26:1–6 and the goat-hair panels of 26:7–13).
Appears 54 times in 32 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
curtain, drape
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
- Range of meaning
A length of woven cloth used as tent fabric: a tent-panel or tent-cloth. In the Pentateuch it is used almost entirely for the panels of the tabernacle (the linen panels of Exod 26:1–6 and the goat-hair panels of 26:7–13). Elsewhere it stands in poetic parallel with 'tent' (ʾōhel) as the fabric of a nomad's home.
- Against the English
English versions say 'curtain' (KJV, BSB, ESV, WEB, NIV). Today a curtain usually means fabric hanging vertically at a window or across a stage or room. The Hebrew word means a horizontal-and-draped strip of the tent's own covering, the material the 'roof' and sides were made of. The separating hanging in front of the Most Holy Place is a different word (pārōket, 'veil', 26:31). The entrance screen is another (māsākh, 26:36).
- How it drifted
The English 'curtain' comes through Old French from Late Latin cortina. The Latin Vulgate used cortina for this word, and the Greek Septuagint used aulaia ('hanging, curtain'). The word passed into English Bibles through that Latin line. Its English meaning then narrowed toward window and theatre drapes.
- Used elsewhere in the period
It is parallel with ʾōhel ('tent') in Isa 54:2 ('stretch out the curtains of your dwellings'), Jer 4:20; 10:20; 49:29, and Song 1:5 ('like the tents of Kedar, like the curtains of Solomon'). In 2 Sam 7:2 and 1 Chr 17:1 David contrasts his cedar house with the ark dwelling 'within the yerîʿāh', meaning within tent fabric. The Septuagint renders it αὐλαία.
From the study of Exodus 26:12
- Range of meaning
A long woven panel of tent-cloth, the unit from which tent coverings were built. In poetry it often stands beside 'tent' (ʾōhel) to mean a dwelling: 'lengthen your cords… stretch out the curtains of your habitations' (Isa 54:2); 'my tents are destroyed, my curtains in a moment' (Jer 4:20; 10:20); 'the curtains of the land of Midian' (Hab 3:7); 'dark… like the curtains of Solomon' (Song 1:5).
- Against the English
In modern English 'curtain' usually means drapes over a window or a stage curtain hung from a rail. A yərîʿâ was a structural roofing panel, sewn or clasped to others and stretched over a frame.
- How it drifted
'Curtain' came into English Bibles (Wycliffe, Tyndale, KJV) when it could still mean any hanging cloth. Today it mostly suggests interior decoration.
- Used elsewhere in the period
About 54 occurrences, most of them in the tabernacle chapters (Exod 26; 36). The poetic pairing with ʾōhel shows it was ordinary nomadic vocabulary.
From the study of Jeremiah 4:20
- Range of meaning
A curtain or long strip of woven cloth, specifically the panels sewn together to form a tent's covering or walls.
- Against the English
'Curtains' (KJV, BSB, WEB, ESV, YLT) makes a modern reader think of drapes on a window inside a house. NIV's 'shelter' gives the right function but loses the picture of woven panels.
- How it drifted
Since the 1600s 'curtain' has mostly meant a hanging over a window or stage. In older English it could mean any hanging fabric, including tent cloth.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Exod 26:1–13 uses it for the linen and goat-hair panels of the tabernacle. Other examples are Song 1:5 ('like the curtains of Solomon'), Isa 54:2, Jer 10:20 and 49:29, and Hab 3:7 ('the tent-curtains of the land of Midian trembled').
Where it appears
Exodus · 44
-
Exodus 26:1 יְרִיעֹ֑ת curtains
“You are to construct the tabernacle itself with ten curtains of finely spun linen, each with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and cherubim skillfully worked into them.
Here: Long panels of fabric, each 28 by 4 cubits (about 12.6 by 1.8 m; 26:2). The word is used elsewhere for the cloth walls of ordinary tents (Isa 54:2; Jer 4:20). These are hangings that form the roof and walls, not window curtains.
-
Exodus 26:2 הַיְרִיעָ֣ה הַיְרִיעָ֖ה הַיְרִיעֹֽת׃ the curtain, the curtains
Each curtain shall be twenty-eight cubits long and four cubits wide—all curtains the same size.
Here: A single woven panel of the fine linen and coloured wool fabric described in v.1. It is one strip of tent fabric, not a hanging drape. Ten of these are sewn together to make the inner covering of the sanctuary.
-
Exodus 26:3 הַיְרִיעֹ֗ת יְרִיעֹת֙ the curtains, curtains
Five of the curtains are to be joined together, and the other five joined as well.
-
Exodus 26:4 הַיְרִיעָה֙ הַיְרִיעָ֔ה the curtain
Make loops of blue material on the edge of the end curtain in the first set, and do the same for the end curtain in the second set.
-
Exodus 26:5 בַּיְרִיעָ֣ה הַיְרִיעָ֔ה on the curtain, the curtain
Make fifty loops on one curtain and fifty loops on the end curtain of the second set, so that the loops line up opposite one another.
-
Exodus 26:6 הַיְרִיעֹ֜ת the curtains
Make fifty gold clasps as well, and join the curtains together with the clasps, so that the tabernacle will be a unit.
-
Exodus 26:7 יְרִיעֹ֣ת יְרִיעֹ֖ת curtains of, curtains
You are to make curtains of goat hair for the tent over the tabernacle—eleven curtains in all.
-
Exodus 26:8 הַיְרִיעָ֣ה הַיְרִיעָ֖ה יְרִיעֹֽת׃ the curtain, curtains
Each of the eleven curtains is to be the same size—thirty cubits long and four cubits wide.
Here: 'The tent cloth': one of the long woven strips of goat hair that were sewn together to make the tent's covering (v. 7).
-
Exodus 26:9 הַיְרִיעֹת֙ הַיְרִיעֹ֖ת הַיְרִיעָ֣ה the curtains, the curtain
Join five of the curtains into one set and the other six into another. Then fold the sixth curtain over double at the front of the tent.
-
Exodus 26:10 הַיְרִיעָה֙ הַיְרִיעָ֔ה the curtain
Make fifty loops along the edge of the end curtain in the first set, and fifty loops along the edge of the corresponding curtain in the second set.
-
Exodus 26:12 בִּירִיעֹ֖ת הַיְרִיעָה֙ in [the] curtains of, the curtain
As for the overlap that remains of the tent curtains, the half curtain that is left over shall hang down over the back of the tabernacle.
Here: The long woven panels that were joined to make a tent covering. Here they are the eleven goat-hair panels of verses 7–11.
-
Exodus 26:13 יְרִיעֹ֣ת [the] curtains of
And the tent curtains will be a cubit longer on either side, and the excess will hang over the sides of the tabernacle to cover it.
-
Exodus 36:8 יְרִיעֹ֑ת curtains
All the skilled craftsmen among the workmen made the ten curtains for the tabernacle. They were made of finely spun linen, as well as blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, with cherubim skillfully worked into them.
-
Exodus 36:9 הַיְרִיעָ֣ה הַיְרִיעָ֖ה הַיְרִיעֹֽת׃ the curtain, the curtains
Each curtain was twenty-eight cubits long and four cubits wide; all the curtains were the same size.
-
Exodus 36:10 הַיְרִיעֹ֔ת יְרִיעֹת֙ the curtains, curtains
And he joined five of the curtains together, and the other five he joined as well.
-
Exodus 36:11 הַיְרִיעָה֙ הַיְרִיעָ֔ה the curtain
He made loops of blue material on the edge of the end curtain in the first set, and also on the end curtain in the second set.
-
Exodus 36:12 בַּיְרִיעָ֣ה הַיְרִיעָ֔ה on the curtain, the curtain
He made fifty loops on one curtain and fifty loops on the end curtain of the second set, so that the loops lined up opposite one another.
-
Exodus 36:13 הַיְרִעֹ֜ת the curtains
He also made fifty gold clasps to join the curtains together, so that the tabernacle was a unit.
-
Exodus 36:14 יְרִיעֹ֣ת יְרִיעֹ֖ת curtains of, curtains
He then made curtains of goat hair for the tent over the tabernacle—eleven curtains in all.
-
Exodus 36:15 הַיְרִיעָ֣ה הַיְרִיעָ֣ה יְרִיעֹֽת׃ the curtain, curtains
Each of the eleven curtains was the same size—thirty cubits long and four cubits wide.
-
Exodus 36:16 הַיְרִיעֹ֖ת הַיְרִיעֹ֖ת the curtains
He joined five of the curtains into one set and the other six into another.
-
Exodus 36:17 הַיְרִיעָ֔ה הַיְרִיעָ֔ה the curtain
He made fifty loops along the edge of the end curtain in the first set, and fifty loops along the edge of the corresponding curtain in the second set.
Numbers · 1
-
Numbers 4:25 יְרִיעֹ֤ת [the] curtains of
They are to carry the curtains of the tabernacle, the Tent of Meeting with the covering of fine leather over it, the curtains for the entrance to the Tent of Meeting,
2 Samuel · 1
-
2 Samuel 7:2 הַיְרִיעָֽה׃ the tent curtain
he said to Nathan the prophet, “Here I am, living in a house of cedar, while the ark of God remains in a tent.”
Here: A panel of woven fabric or skin used to make a tent (the word used for the tabernacle's panels in Exodus 26). Singular with 'the', meaning the tent-covering as a whole: the tent David pitched for the ark (6:17).
1 Chronicles · 1
-
1 Chronicles 17:1 יְרִיעֽוֹת׃ tent curtains
After David had settled into his palace, he said to Nathan the prophet, “Here I am, living in a house of cedar, while the ark of the covenant of the LORD is under a tent.”
Here: The woven panels or hangings that made up a tent. Here they mean the temporary tent David pitched for the ark in Jerusalem (1 Chr 15:1; 16:1). The plural suggests a tent built from several panels.
Psalms · 1
-
Psalm 104:2 כַּיְרִיעָֽה׃ like <the> tent curtain
He wraps Himself in light as with a garment; He stretches out the heavens like a tent,
Here: 'Like the tent-cloth': one of the woven panels (often goat hair) that were joined and stretched over poles to make a tent's roof and walls. It is the same word used for the curtains of the tabernacle. The sky is pictured as the roof of God's tent.
Song of Songs · 1
-
Song of Songs 1:5 כִּירִיע֖וֹת like [the] tent curtains of
I am dark, yet lovely, O daughters of Jerusalem, like the tents of Kedar, like the curtains of Solomon.
Here: Yeri'ah is a woven hanging or tent panel, the same word used for the curtains of the Tabernacle (Exodus 26). These are not window curtains. They are the fabric walls of a tent or pavilion. This comparison picks up the second adjective, 'lovely'.
Isaiah · 1
-
Isaiah 54:2 וִירִיע֧וֹת and [the] tent curtains of
“Enlarge the site of your tent, stretch out the curtains of your dwellings, do not hold back. Lengthen your ropes and drive your stakes in deep.
Here: The long woven panels, usually of goat hair, sewn together to make the tent's roof and walls. A tent was made bigger by adding panels and stretching them wider.
Jeremiah · 3
-
Jeremiah 4:20 יְרִיעֹתָֽי׃ tent curtains my
Disaster after disaster is proclaimed, for the whole land is laid waste. My tents are destroyed in an instant, my curtains in a moment.
Here: 'My tent-curtains': the long woven strips, usually goat-hair, that made up a tent's walls and roof. If they are torn down, the home is gone.
-
Jeremiah 10:20 יְרִיעוֹתָֽי׃ tent curtains my
My tent is destroyed, and all its ropes are snapped. My sons have departed from me and are no more. I have no one left to pitch my tent or set up my curtains.
-
Jeremiah 49:29 יְרִיעוֹתֵיהֶ֧ם tent curtains their
They will take their tents and flocks, their tent curtains and all their goods. They will take their camels for themselves. They will shout to them: ‘Terror is on every side!’
Habakkuk · 1
-
Habakkuk 3:7 יְרִיע֖וֹת [the] tent curtains of
I saw the tents of Cushan in distress; the curtains of Midian were trembling.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.