Hebrew word · H3411

יַרְכָה

yarketei

flank

Literally 'thigh, flank, side'. From that, 'the far or rear part' of something: the innermost room of a house (Amos 6:10), the hold of a ship (Jonah 1:5), the remotest parts of the earth (Jer 6:22), the depths of the pit (Isa 14:15). With a mountain, its extreme heights or summit.

Appears 28 times in 28 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

1) flank, side, extreme parts, recesses

1a) side

1b) sides, recesses (dual)

Aramaic equivalent: yar.kah (יַרְכָא "thigh" H3410)

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Psalm 48:2

Range of meaning

Literally 'thigh, flank, side'. From that, 'the far or rear part' of something: the innermost room of a house (Amos 6:10), the hold of a ship (Jonah 1:5), the remotest parts of the earth (Jer 6:22), the depths of the pit (Isa 14:15). With a mountain, its extreme heights or summit.

Against the English

KJV 'sides' keeps the literal 'flank', but to modern ears it suggests slopes. ESV/NRSV 'far' turns it into distance. BSB 'peaks' and NJPS 'summit' get the sense of the uttermost point.

How it drifted

'Sides' was a literal rendering by way of Greek 'pleura' (ribs, sides) and Latin 'latera' (flanks). With a mountain, the idiom means its innermost and highest point.

Used elsewhere in the period

Isaiah 14:13–15 pairs 'the far reaches of Zaphon' (the height the tyrant aims at) with 'the far reaches of the pit' (where he lands). That shows the phrase stands for an absolute extreme, the highest place there is.

From the study of Isaiah 14:13

Range of meaning

The rear, flank or far side of something. It also means the innermost or most remote part: the back of a cave (1 Sam 24:3), a ship's hold (Jonah 1:5), the far end of the earth (Jer 6:22).

Against the English

KJV "sides" is very literal and opaque. BSB/ESV "far reaches", NASB "recesses" and NIV "utmost heights" give the sense of remoteness and summit.

Used elsewhere in the period

Ps 48:2; Ezek 38:6, 15; 39:2 (yarkětei tsafon); Isa 37:24 ("its farthest heights" of Lebanon, in the Assyrian king's boast).

From the study of Isaiah 37:24

Range of meaning

Flank or rear part, related to yarekh, 'thigh'. Extended to the innermost or farthest reaches of a place: 'the recesses of the house' (Psalm 128:3), 'the remotest parts of the earth' (Jeremiah 6:22), 'the far reaches of the north' (Isaiah 14:13; Psalm 48:2).

Against the English

KJV 'the sides of Lebanon' sounds like the mountain's slopes. WEB 'innermost parts', YLT 'sides', BSB 'remote peaks'. The Hebrew is about remoteness, the deepest and least reachable part, not a slope.

How it drifted

In the KJV's day 'sides' could mean the furthest extremities, but readers today hear 'hillsides'.

Used elsewhere in the period

Isaiah 14:13: 'in the far reaches of the north (yarkətey tsafon)', the mythic mountain of the gods. Psalm 48:2 applies the same phrase to Zion. Ezekiel 38:6, 15 uses it for the remotest north as the place Gog comes from.

Where it appears

Genesis · 1
  1. Genesis 49:13 וְיַרְכָת֖וֹ and side his

    Zebulun shall dwell by the seashore and become a harbor for ships; his border shall extend to Sidon.

Exodus · 6
  1. Exodus 26:22 וּֽלְיַרְכְּתֵ֥י and for [the] innermost parts of

    Make six frames for the rear of the tabernacle, the west side,

  2. Exodus 26:23 בַּיַּרְכָתָֽיִם׃ in the innermost parts

    and two frames for the two back corners of the tabernacle,

    Here: Literally "in the two flanks/thighs" (the form is a dual, the Hebrew form for pairs). In use it means the hindmost or farthest part of something. Verse 22 has just named the same area as the back, west-facing end. So these are the back corners, next to the Most Holy Place, not the long sides.

  3. Exodus 26:27 לַיַּרְכָתַ֖יִם for the innermost parts

    five for those on the other side, and five for those on the rear side of the tabernacle, to the west.

    Here: 'For the rear', literally 'the two far parts' (a dual form). It is the standard Hebrew way of saying the back or innermost end of something, as in the 'recesses' of a house or the 'far reaches' of the earth. It does not mean two separate sides. This back end is where the Most Holy Place stood.

  4. Exodus 36:27 וּֽלְיַרְכְּתֵ֥י and for [the] innermost parts of

    He made six frames for the rear of the tabernacle, the west side,

  5. Exodus 36:28 בַּיַּרְכָתָֽיִם׃ in the innermost parts

    and two frames for the two back corners of the tabernacle,

  6. Exodus 36:32 לַיַּרְכָתַ֖יִם for the innermost parts

    five for those on the other side, and five for those on the rear side of the tabernacle, to the west.

Judges · 2
  1. Judges 19:1 בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֣י in [the] remotest parts of

    Now in those days, when there was no king in Israel, a Levite who lived in the remote hill country of Ephraim took for himself a concubine from Bethlehem in Judah.

    Here: Literally 'in the flanks/rear parts': the far, back edges of the region. He lives on the margins, away from any center.

  2. Judges 19:18 יַרְכְּתֵ֣י [the] remotest parts of

    The Levite replied, “We are traveling from Bethlehem in Judah to the remote hill country of Ephraim, where I am from. I went to Bethlehem in Judah, and now I am going to the house of the LORD; but no one has taken me into his home,

    Here: 'The far reaches / back parts' of the hill country. It is the same phrase used of his home in 19:1, which tells us he lives far out in the remote edges of Ephraim.

1 Samuel · 1
  1. 1 Samuel 24:3 בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֥י in [the] innermost parts of

    Soon Saul came to the sheepfolds along the road, where there was a cave, and he went in to relieve himself. And David and his men were hiding in the recesses of the cave.

1 Kings · 1
  1. 1 Kings 6:16 מִֽיַּרְכְּתֵ֤י from [the] innermost parts of

    He partitioned off the twenty cubits at the rear of the temple with cedar boards from floor to ceiling to form within the temple an inner sanctuary, the Most Holy Place.

2 Kings · 1
  1. 2 Kings 19:23 יַרְכְּתֵ֣י [the] remotest parts of

    Through your servants you have taunted the Lord, and you have said: “With my many chariots I have ascended to the heights of the mountains, to the remote peaks of Lebanon. I have cut down its tallest cedars, the finest of its cypresses. I have reached its farthest outposts, the densest of its forests.

Psalms · 2
  1. Psalm 48:2 יַרְכְּתֵ֣י [the] remotest parts of

    Beautiful in loftiness, the joy of all the earth, like the peaks of Zaphon is Mount Zion, the city of the great King.

    Here: A dual form meaning 'the far reaches of'. Elsewhere it means the innermost part of a house or ship, or the depths of the pit. With a mountain it means its uttermost heights or summit.

  2. Psalm 128:3 בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֪י in [the] innermost parts of

    Your wife will be like a fruitful vine flourishing within your house, your sons like olive shoots sitting around your table.

    Here: "In the recesses of": the deepest, most inward part of a space. The same word is used for the inner part of a cave (1 Sam 24:3), the hold below deck on a ship (Jonah 1:5), and the farthest north (Isa 14:13). It places her in the protected heart of the household, not on its outer walls.

Isaiah · 3
  1. Isaiah 14:13 בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֥י in [the] remotest parts of

    You said in your heart: “I will ascend to the heavens; I will raise my throne above the stars of God. I will sit on the mount of assembly, in the far reaches of the north.

    Here: "In the innermost / most remote parts of". The word is used of the back of a cave or a ship's hold. Here it means the summit-recesses of the sacred mountain.

  2. Isaiah 14:15 יַרְכְּתֵי־ [the] remotest parts of

    But you will be brought down to Sheol, to the lowest depths of the Pit.

  3. Isaiah 37:24 יַרְכְּתֵ֣י [the] remotest parts of

    Through your servants you have taunted the Lord, and you have said: “With my many chariots I have ascended to the heights of the mountains, to the remote peaks of Lebanon. I have cut down its tallest cedars, the finest of its cypresses. I have reached its farthest heights, the densest of its forests.

    Here: Literally 'flanks' or 'hindquarters', meaning the far recesses or innermost reaches. The same phrase pattern appears in 14:13 for the 'far reaches of the north' that the king of Babylon tries to reach.

Jeremiah · 4
  1. Jeremiah 6:22 מִיַּרְכְּתֵי־ from [the] remotest parts of

    This is what the LORD says: “Behold, an army is coming from the land of the north; a great nation is stirred up from the ends of the earth.

    Here: Literally the "thighs" or "back parts," meaning the innermost and most remote reaches of something. The enemy comes from the far edge of the known world.

  2. Jeremiah 25:32 מִיַּרְכְּתֵי־ from [the] remotest parts of

    This is what the LORD of Hosts says: “Behold! Disaster is spreading from nation to nation; a mighty storm is rising from the ends of the earth.”

  3. Jeremiah 31:8 מִיַּרְכְּתֵי־ from [the] remotest parts of

    Behold, I will bring them from the land of the north and gather them from the farthest parts of the earth, including the blind and the lame, expectant mothers and women in labor. They will return as a great assembly!

    Here: "From the far recesses of." The word is a body term (the thigh or back side) used for the farthest, hidden end of something. Jeremiah 6:22 used the same phrase for where the enemy army came from.

  4. Jeremiah 50:41 מִיַּרְכְּתֵי־ from [the] remotest parts of

    Behold, an army is coming from the north; a great nation and many kings are stirred up from the ends of the earth.

Ezekiel · 5
  1. Ezekiel 32:23 בְּיַרְכְּתֵי־ in [the] remotest parts of

    Her graves are set in the depths of the Pit, and her company is all around her grave. All of them are slain, fallen by the sword—those who once spread terror in the land of the living.

  2. Ezekiel 38:6 יַרְכְּתֵ֥י [the] remotest parts of

    as well as Gomer with all its troops, and Beth-togarmah from the far north with all its troops—the many nations with you.

  3. Ezekiel 38:15 מִיַּרְכְּתֵ֣י from [the] remotest parts of

    And you will come from your place out of the far north—you and many peoples with you, all riding horses—a mighty horde, a huge army.

  4. Ezekiel 39:2 מִיַּרְכְּתֵ֣י from [the] remotest parts of

    I will turn you around, drive you along, bring you up from the far north, and send you against the mountains of Israel.

  5. Ezekiel 46:19 בַּיַּרְכָתַ֖יִם in the remotest parts

    Then the man brought me through the entrance at the side of the gate into the holy chambers facing north, which belonged to the priests, and he showed me a place there at the far western end

Amos · 1
  1. Amos 6:10 בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֥י [is] in [the] innermost parts of

    And when the relative who is to burn the bodies picks them up to remove them from the house, he will call to one inside, “Is anyone else with you?” “None,” that person will answer. “Silence,” the relative will retort, “for the name of the LORD must not be invoked.”

Jonah · 1
  1. Jonah 1:5 יַרְכְּתֵ֣י [the] innermost parts of

    The sailors were afraid, and each cried out to his own god. And they threw the ship’s cargo into the sea to lighten the load. But Jonah had gone down to the lowest part of the vessel, where he lay down and fell into a deep sleep.

    Here: 'The remotest parts, the innermost back of' something. It is used for the far reaches of a house, of the north, and of the pit. It means the farthest inside, not the 'sides' of the ship in our sense.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.