Hebrew word · H4060

מִדָּה

midah

measure

Measure, measurement, dimension or extent. It is used of tabernacle curtains all of 'one measure' (Exod 26:2), the world's measurements set by God (Job 38:5), Ezekiel's temple dimensions (Ezek 40–48), a measured section of wall (Neh 3:11), and 'men of stature' (Isa 45:14).

Appears 55 times in 53 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

1) measure, measurement, stature, size, garment

1a) measure, act of measurement

1b) measurement, size

1c) measured portion, extent

1d) garment

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Psalm 39:4

Range of meaning

Measure, measurement, dimension or extent. It is used of tabernacle curtains all of 'one measure' (Exod 26:2), the world's measurements set by God (Job 38:5), Ezekiel's temple dimensions (Ezek 40–48), a measured section of wall (Neh 3:11), and 'men of stature' (Isa 45:14).

Against the English

KJV, ESV, WEB and BSB have 'measure', NASB 'extent', and NIV 'number of my days'. 'Number' borrows the counting picture of Ps 90:12 ('teach us to number our days'), but middāh is about length rather than a count.

Used elsewhere in the period

The LXX rendered it arithmos, 'number', and the Latin Vulgate numerus. This may be where the 'number' wording of later versions comes from.

From the study of Isaiah 45:14

Range of meaning

A measuring line or measurement (Ezekiel 40–48, Job 38:5), a measured portion or section (Nehemiah 3), and then size or stature. In the phrases 'man of measure' and 'men of measures' it means a man of great physical size.

Against the English

KJV, ESV, NASB, BSB and WEB keep 'men of stature'. In current English that phrase usually means men of high standing or reputation. NIV and NLT say 'tall Sabeans', and YLT has the literal 'men of measure'.

How it drifted

In older English 'stature' meant bodily height, and the KJV wording was accurate. Over time 'of stature' has come to mean prominence, so the old wording now misleads.

Used elsewhere in the period

Numbers 13:32: the spies call Canaan's inhabitants 'anshei middot', men of great size, and go on to describe giants. 1 Chronicles 11:23 has an Egyptian who is an 'ish middah', five cubits tall. 2 Samuel 21:20 describes a giant as 'a man of middah/madon'. Isaiah 18:2, 7 describes the Cushites as 'a people tall and smooth'. Herodotus (3.20) calls the 'Ethiopians' of the far south the tallest and most handsome of men.

From the study of Exodus 26:2

Range of meaning

A measure or measurement, size, dimension. By extension it also means a measured portion or extent (Ps 39:4, 'the measure of my days') and stature (Num 13:32, 'men of great size'). It comes from the verb mādad, 'to measure'.

Against the English

KJV, WEB and YLT keep 'one measure'. BSB, and most modern versions as far as can be judged, render the sense as 'the same size'. Both are accurate. 'One measure' keeps the Hebrew play on 'one'.

Used elsewhere in the period

It is common in the building accounts: Exod 26:8 and 36:9, 15 for the curtains; 1 Kgs 6:25 and 7:9, 11 for Solomon's temple ('according to measure'); and throughout Ezekiel 40–48 for the visionary temple, where everything is measured.

Where it appears

Exodus · 4
  1. Exodus 26:2 מִדָּ֥ה size

    Each curtain shall be twenty-eight cubits long and four cubits wide—all curtains the same size.

    Here: A measurement or dimension. Here it means the size specification that every panel must share.

  2. Exodus 26:8 מִדָּ֣ה size

    Each of the eleven curtains is to be the same size—thirty cubits long and four cubits wide.

    Here: A fixed measurement or dimension. The point is a standard size every strip has to match.

  3. Exodus 36:9 מִדָּ֥ה size

    Each curtain was twenty-eight cubits long and four cubits wide; all the curtains were the same size.

  4. Exodus 36:15 מִדָּ֣ה size

    Each of the eleven curtains was the same size—thirty cubits long and four cubits wide.

Leviticus · 1
  1. Leviticus 19:35 בַּמִּדָּ֕ה in <the> measurement

    You must not use dishonest measures of length, weight, or volume.

    Here: From the verb 'to measure (out)'. Coming before weight and volume, it means measuring length or area: cord, rod, cubit, as for cloth or land.

Numbers · 1
  1. Numbers 13:32 מִדּֽוֹת׃ stature<s>

    So they gave the Israelites a bad report about the land that they had spied out: “The land we explored devours its inhabitants, and all the people we saw there are great in stature.

Joshua · 1
  1. Joshua 3:4 בַּמִּדָּ֑ה by <the> measurement

    But keep a distance of about two thousand cubits between yourselves and the ark. Do not go near it, so that you can see the way to go, since you have never traveled this way before.”

    Here: 'By the measure,' meaning a measured distance and not a rough guess. The same word is used for measuring the tabernacle and temple, so the phrase sounds exact, almost architectural.

1 Kings · 4
  1. 1 Kings 6:25 מִדָּ֥ה a measurement

    The second cherub also measured ten cubits; both cherubim had the same size and shape,

  2. 1 Kings 7:9 כְּמִדֹּ֣ת according to measurements of

    All these buildings were constructed with costly stones, cut to size and trimmed with saws inside and out from the foundation to the eaves, and from the outside to the great courtyard.

  3. 1 Kings 7:11 כְּמִדּ֥וֹת according to measurements of

    Above these were costly stones, cut to size, and cedar beams.

  4. 1 Kings 7:37 מִדָּ֥ה a measurement

    In this way he made the ten stands, each with the same casting, dimensions, and shape.

1 Chronicles · 3
  1. 1 Chronicles 11:23 מִדָּ֣ה׀ stature

    He also struck down an Egyptian, a huge man five cubits tall. Although the Egyptian had a spear like a weaver’s beam in his hand, Benaiah went against him with a club, snatched the spear from his hand, and killed the Egyptian with his own spear.

  2. 1 Chronicles 20:6 מִדָּ֗ה stature

    And there was also a battle at Gath, where there was a man of great stature with six fingers on each hand and six toes on each foot—twenty-four in all. He too was descended from Rapha,

  3. 1 Chronicles 23:29 וּמִדָּֽה׃ and measurement

    as well as for the rows of the showbread, the fine flour for the grain offering, the wafers of unleavened bread, the baking, the mixing, and all measurements of quantity and size.

2 Chronicles · 1
  1. 2 Chronicles 3:3 בַּמִּדָּ֤ה by the measurement

    The foundation that Solomon laid for the house of God was sixty cubits long and twenty cubits wide, according to the old standard.

Nehemiah · 8
  1. Nehemiah 3:11 מִדָּ֣ה a measured portion

    Malchijah son of Harim and Hasshub son of Pahath-moab repaired another section, as well as the Tower of the Ovens.

  2. Nehemiah 3:19 מִדָּ֣ה a measured portion

    And next to him, Ezer son of Jeshua, ruler of Mizpah, repaired another section opposite the ascent to the armory, near the angle in the wall.

  3. Nehemiah 3:20 מִדָּ֣ה a measured portion

    Next to him, Baruch son of Zabbai diligently repaired another section, from the angle to the doorway of the house of Eliashib the high priest.

  4. Nehemiah 3:21 מִדָּ֣ה a measured portion

    Next to him, Meremoth son of Uriah, the son of Hakkoz, repaired another section, from the doorway of the house of Eliashib to the end of the house.

  5. Nehemiah 3:24 מִדָּ֣ה a measured portion

    After him, Binnui son of Henadad repaired another section, from the house of Azariah to the angle and the corner,

  6. Nehemiah 3:27 מִדָּ֣ה a measured portion

    And next to them, the Tekoites repaired another section, from a point opposite the great tower that juts out to the wall of Ophel.

  7. Nehemiah 3:30 מִדָּ֣ה a measured portion

    Next to him, Hananiah son of Shelemiah, as well as Hanun the sixth son of Zalaph, repaired another section. Next to them, Meshullam son of Berechiah made repairs opposite his own quarters.

  8. Nehemiah 5:4 לְמִדַּ֣ת for [the] tribute of

    Still others were saying, “We have borrowed money to pay the king’s tax on our fields and vineyards.

Job · 1
  1. Job 28:25 בְּמִדָּֽה׃ with a measure

    When God fixed the weight of the wind and measured out the waters,

Psalms · 2
  1. Psalm 39:4 וּמִדַּ֣ת and [the] measure of

    “Show me, O LORD, my end and the measure of my days. Let me know how fleeting my life is.

    Here: A measurement or extent, the word used for the dimensions of curtains, buildings and land. His lifespan is pictured as a length that can be measured out. Verse 5 continues the picture: God made it only 'handbreadths' long.

  2. Psalm 133:2 מִדּוֹתָֽיו׃ robes his

    It is like fine oil on the head, running down on the beard, running down Aaron’s beard over the collar of his robes.

    Here: 'His garments, robes.' This is not the common word middah, 'measure', but a rarer word meaning 'garment', related to mad/maddim, the priest's linen garment in Leviticus 6:10 (6:3 in Hebrew). The plural takes in Aaron's whole set of priestly vestments.

Isaiah · 1
  1. Isaiah 45:14 מִדָּה֒ stature

    This is what the LORD says: “The products of Egypt and the merchandise of Cush, along with the Sabeans, men of stature, will come over to you and will be yours; they will trudge behind you; they will come over in chains and bow down to you. They will confess to you: ‘God is indeed with you, and there is no other; there is no other God.’”

    Here: 'Men of measure' means tall, physically imposing men. It is not about social rank. People famed for their height will come as submissive followers.

Jeremiah · 2
  1. Jeremiah 22:14 מִדּ֔וֹת size<s>

    who says, ‘I will build myself a great palace, with spacious upper rooms.’ So he cuts windows in it, panels it with cedar, and paints it with vermilion.

  2. Jeremiah 31:39 הַמִּדָּה֙ <the> measurement

    The measuring line will once again stretch out straight to the hill of Gareb and then turn toward Goah.

Ezekiel · 25
  1. Ezekiel 40:3 הַמִּדָּ֑ה <the> measurement

    So He took me there, and I saw a man whose appearance was like bronze. He was standing in the gateway with a linen cord and a measuring rod in his hand.

    Here: "The measure": 'the reed of the measure' means the official measuring rod. The word middâ runs through chapters 40–48 ("by these measurements").

  2. Ezekiel 40:5 הַמִּדָּ֗ה the measurement

    And I saw a wall surrounding the temple area. Now the length of the measuring rod in the man’s hand was six long cubits (each measuring a cubit and a handbreadth), and he measured the wall to be one rod thick and one rod high.

  3. Ezekiel 40:10 מִדָּ֥ה וּמִדָּ֥ה a measurement, and a measurement

    There were three gate chambers on each side of the east gate, each with the same measurements, and the gateposts on either side also had the same measurements.

  4. Ezekiel 40:21 כְּמִדַּ֖ת like [the] measurement of

    Its three gate chambers on each side, its side pillars, and its portico all had the same measurements as the first gate: fifty cubits long and twenty-five cubits wide.

  5. Ezekiel 40:22 כְּמִדַּ֣ת [were] like [the] measurement of

    Its windows, portico, and palm trees had the same measurements as those of the gate facing east. Seven steps led up to it, with its portico opposite them.

  6. Ezekiel 40:24 כַּמִּדּ֖וֹת according to the measurements

    Then he led me to the south side, and I saw a gateway facing south. He measured its side pillars and portico, and they had the same measurements as the others.

  7. Ezekiel 40:28 כַּמִּדּ֖וֹת according to the measurements

    Next he brought me into the inner court through the south gate, and he measured the south gate; it had the same measurements as the others.

  8. Ezekiel 40:29 כַּמִּדּ֣וֹת [were] according to the measurements

    Its gate chambers, side pillars, and portico had the same measurements as the others. Both the gateway and its portico had windows all around; it was fifty cubits long and twenty-five cubits wide.

  9. Ezekiel 40:32 כַּמִּדּ֖וֹת according to the measurements

    And he brought me to the inner court on the east side, and he measured the gateway; it had the same measurements as the others.

  10. Ezekiel 40:33 כַּמִּדּ֣וֹת [were] according to the measurements

    Its gate chambers, side pillars, and portico had the same measurements as the others. Both the gateway and its portico had windows all around. It was fifty cubits long and twenty-five cubits wide.

  11. Ezekiel 40:35 כַּמִּדּ֥וֹת according to the measurements

    Then he brought me to the north gate and measured it. It had the same measurements as the others,

  12. Ezekiel 41:17 מִדּֽוֹת׃ measurements

    In the space above the outside of the entrance to the inner sanctuary on all the walls, spaced evenly around the inner and outer sanctuary,

  13. Ezekiel 42:15 מִדּוֹת֙ [the] measurements of

    Now when the man had finished measuring the interior of the temple area, he led me out by the gate that faced east, and he measured the area all around:

  14. Ezekiel 42:16 הַמִּדָּ֑ה הַמִּדָּ֖ה <the> measurement

    With a measuring rod he measured the east side to be five hundred cubits long.

  15. Ezekiel 42:17 הַמִּדָּ֖ה <the> measurement

    He measured the north side to be five hundred cubits long.

  16. Ezekiel 42:18 הַמִּדָּֽה׃ <the> measurement

    He measured the south side to be five hundred cubits long.

  17. Ezekiel 42:19 הַמִּדָּֽה׃ <the> measurement

    And he came around and measured the west side to be five hundred cubits long.

  18. Ezekiel 43:13 מִדּ֤וֹת [are] [the] measurements of

    These are the measurements of the altar in long cubits (a cubit and a handbreadth): Its gutter shall be a cubit deep and a cubit wide, with a rim of one span around its edge. And this is the height of the altar:

  19. Ezekiel 45:3 הַמִּדָּ֤ה the measured area

    From this holy portion, you are to measure off a length of 25,000 cubits and a width of 10,000 cubits, and in it will be the sanctuary, the Most Holy Place.

  20. Ezekiel 46:22 מִדָּ֣ה measurement

    In the four corners of the outer court there were enclosed courts, each forty cubits long and thirty cubits wide. Each of the four corner areas had the same dimensions.

  21. Ezekiel 48:16 מִדּוֹתֶיהָ֒ [will be] measurements its

    and will have these measurements: 4,500 cubits on the north side, 4,500 cubits on the south side, 4,500 cubits on the east side, and 4,500 cubits on the west side.

  22. Ezekiel 48:30 מִדָּֽה׃ [the] measurement

    “These will be the exits of the city: Beginning on the north side, which will be 4,500 cubits long,

  23. Ezekiel 48:33 מִדָּ֔ה [the] measurement

    On the south side, which will be 4,500 cubits long, there will be three gates: the gate of Simeon, the gate of Issachar, and the gate of Zebulun.

Zechariah · 1
  1. Zechariah 2:1 מִדָּֽה׃ measurement

    Then I lifted up my eyes and saw a man with a measuring line in his hand.

    Here: 'Of measurement'. It turns the rope into a surveying tool. The next verse explains its purpose: to find Jerusalem's width and length.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.