Hebrew word · H4268
מַחְסֶּה
machseh
refuge
Maḥseh is a refuge or shelter from storm, rain or enemies (Isa 4:6; 25:4). In the Psalms it is overwhelmingly a word for God ('the LORD is my refuge', Ps 91:2, 9; 46:1). Sātar in this form means 'to hide oneself, take cover'. The related sēter is God's protective 'secret place' (Ps 32:7; 91:1).
Appears 20 times in 20 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
1) refuge, shelter
1a) from rain or storm, from danger
1b) of falsehood
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of Isaiah 28:15
- Range of meaning
Maḥseh is a refuge or shelter from storm, rain or enemies (Isa 4:6; 25:4). In the Psalms it is overwhelmingly a word for God ('the LORD is my refuge', Ps 91:2, 9; 46:1). Sātar in this form means 'to hide oneself, take cover'. The related sēter is God's protective 'secret place' (Ps 32:7; 91:1).
- Against the English
'Refuge' and 'hiding place' are accurate. What English readers may miss is that both words belong to the vocabulary of Israel's worship and trust in the LORD.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Isaiah 30:2 describes the same leaders going down to Egypt 'to take refuge (ḥāsâ, the root of maḥseh) in Pharaoh's protection and hide in Egypt's shadow'. Isaiah 4:6 and 25:4 make the LORD the 'shelter from the storm'.
From the study of Proverbs 14:26
- Range of meaning
A shelter or refuge: a place to flee to for protection from storm, rain or enemies (Isa 4:6; 25:4; Job 24:8 the poor "embrace the rock for want of a shelter"). Overwhelmingly used of YHWH as refuge (Ps 14:6; 46:1; 61:3; 62:7–8; 71:7; 91:2, 9; 142:5).
- Against the English
"Refuge" is accurate. BSB's "a place of refuge" keeps the spatial sense. NLT's "he will be a refuge" turns it into a statement that God is the refuge. That is a defensible interpretation, but it is a choice.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Ps 14:6, "YHWH is his refuge (maḥseh)", about the poor. Ps 46:1. Ps 91:9, "you have made YHWH… your refuge." Ps 61:3 [Heb 4] pairs "refuge" with "strong tower" (migdal-ʿoz), the same imagery as this verse.
- Range of meaning
A shelter or place to take cover, from the verb ḥasah, "to seek refuge, take shelter". It is used of literal shelter from storm and rain (Isa 4:6; 25:4; Job 24:8, "for lack of shelter they hug the rock") and the rocks that shelter rock badgers (Ps 104:18). Above all it is used of God.
- Against the English
"Refuge" is accurate. The concrete picture to keep is a place you physically run into when exposed: an overhanging rock, a cleft, a covered place in a storm.
- Used elsewhere in the period
"God is our refuge and strength" (Ps 46:1 [Heb 46:2]), "my refuge and my fortress" (Ps 91:2, 9), "a refuge from the storm, a shade from the heat" (Isa 25:4). In the Septuagint the word is sometimes translated by abstract words such as boēthos, "helper", as here, or elpis, "hope".
Similar words
Where it appears
Job · 1
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Job 24:8 מַ֝חְסֶ֗ה shelter
Drenched by mountain rains, they huddle against the rocks for want of shelter.
Psalms · 12
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Psalm 14:6 מַחְסֵֽהוּ׃ [is] refuge his
You sinners frustrate the plans of the oppressed, yet the LORD is their shelter.
Here: 'His refuge': a place to run to for cover from storm, attack or pursuit. The suffix 'his' points back to the afflicted one. YHWH himself is the shelter the oppressor cannot get through.
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Psalm 46:1 מַחֲסֶ֣ה [is] a refuge
For the choirmaster. Of the sons of Korah. According to Alamoth. A song. God is our refuge and strength, an ever-present help in times of trouble.
Here: A place you run to for cover, such as a rock overhang, a shelter from a storm or a hiding place from enemies. It comes from the verb 'to take refuge', so it implies someone fleeing and trusting.
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Psalm 61:3 מַחְסֶ֣ה a refuge
For You have been my refuge, a tower of strength against the enemy.
Here: A concrete place you run into for cover, from storm, rain or danger. It comes from the verb ḥāsâ, "to take shelter," which reappears in the next verse ("let me take refuge in the shelter of your wings").
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Psalm 62:7 מַ֝חְסִ֗י refuge my
My salvation and my honor rest on God, my strong rock; my refuge is in God.
Here: "My refuge": the place you run to for cover from a storm or a pursuer. It comes from the verb "to take refuge". Verse 8 picks it up again and widens it to the whole people: "God is a refuge for us."
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Psalm 62:8 מַחֲסֶה־ [is] a refuge
Trust in Him at all times, O people; pour out your hearts before Him. God is our refuge. Selah
Here: A place you run to for cover from storm, heat or danger. It repeats "my refuge" from verse 7, now made communal.
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Psalm 71:7 מַֽחֲסִי־ [are] refuge of my
I have become a portent to many, but You are my strong refuge.
Here: A place you run to for cover, such as a shelter from storm and rain. The 'my' is grammatically attached to the first word, but it covers the whole phrase: 'my strong-refuge'.
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Psalm 73:28 מַחְסִ֑י refuge my
But as for me, it is good to draw near to God. I have made the Lord GOD my refuge, that I may proclaim all Your works.
Here: 'My shelter', from the verb chasah, 'to take cover'. It is a place you run into for protection, like a rock overhang from a storm or a stronghold from attack.
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Psalm 91:2 מַחְסִ֣י refuge my
I will say to the LORD, “You are my refuge and my fortress, my God, in whom I trust.”
Here: “My refuge”: a place you run to for cover from storm, rain or attack. It comes from the verb ḥāsâ, “to take refuge.” That verb returns in verse 4 (“under his wings you will take refuge”), and the noun returns in verse 9.
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Psalm 91:9 מַחְסִ֑י refuge my
Because you have made the LORD your dwelling—my refuge, the Most High—
Here: "My shelter": a place you run to for cover from storm, enemy or danger. The first-person "my" echoes the speaker's own confession in v. 2 ("my refuge and my fortress"). The main Hebrew pause marker falls on this word, closing the first half of the verse.
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Psalm 94:22 מַחְסִֽי׃ shelter my
But the LORD has been my stronghold, and my God is my rock of refuge.
Here: "My shelter." The word comes from the verb chasah, "to take shelter, seek refuge". It names the place a hunted or storm-beaten creature runs to. "Rock of my shelter" means the crag I flee to and hide under.
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Psalm 104:18 מַחְסֶ֥ה [are] a refuge
The high mountains are for the wild goats, the cliffs a refuge for the rock badgers.
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Psalm 142:5 מַחְסִ֑י [are] refuge my
I cry to You, O LORD: “You are my refuge, my portion in the land of the living.”
Here: “My shelter”: a place you run into for cover from storm, heat or attack, such as a cleft in the rock. In verse 4 he said the way of escape had “perished from me.” Now he names God as the cover he still has.
Proverbs · 1
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Proverbs 14:26 מַחְסֶֽה׃ a refuge
He who fears the LORD is secure in confidence, and his children shall have a place of refuge.
Here: A place you run to for cover, from ḥasah, "to take refuge". In the Psalms it is almost always a title for God himself (Ps 46:1; 62:7–8; 91:2, 9). The verse ends on this word: protection that outlasts the parent.
Isaiah · 4
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Isaiah 4:6 וּלְמַחְסֶה֙ and for refuge
a shelter to give shade from the heat by day, and a refuge and hiding place from the storm and the rain.
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Isaiah 25:4 מַחְסֶ֤ה a shelter
For You have been a refuge for the poor, a stronghold for the needy in distress, a refuge from the storm, a shade from the heat. For the breath of the ruthless is like rain against a wall,
Here: A place you flee to for cover. It comes from the verb chasah, "take refuge", which in the Psalms is a key word for trusting God.
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Isaiah 28:15 מַחְסֵ֖נוּ refuge our
For you said, “We have made a covenant with death; we have fashioned an agreement with Sheol. When the overwhelming scourge passes through it will not touch us, because we have made lies our refuge and falsehood our hiding place.”
Here: 'Our refuge'. In the Psalms this is a word for God himself ('God is our refuge', Ps 46:1). They have put a lie where the LORD should stand.
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Isaiah 28:17 מַחְסֵ֣ה [the] refuge of
I will make justice the measuring line and righteousness the level. Hail will sweep away your refuge of lies, and water will flood your hiding place.
Here: A place you run to for safety. In the Psalms God is Israel's maḥsēh (Ps 46:1; 91:2). The leaders have put something else in that place.
Jeremiah · 1
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Jeremiah 17:17 מַֽחֲסִי־ [are] refuge my
Do not become a terror to me; You are my refuge in the day of disaster.
Here: 'My refuge.' It is a place you run to for cover from storm or attack. It comes first in its clause for emphasis ('My shelter — that is you'), and it sounds like the word for 'terror' just before it (both begin m-ch-).
Joel · 1
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Joel 3:16 מַֽחֲסֶ֣ה [will be] a refuge
The LORD will roar from Zion and raise His voice from Jerusalem; heaven and earth will tremble. But the LORD will be a refuge for His people, a stronghold for the people of Israel.
Here: A place you run to for cover, such as a rock overhang in a storm (Isa 4:6; 25:4). Inside the storm Yahweh is himself causing, he is the shelter.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.