Hebrew word · H4296

מִטָּה

mitah

bed

"Bed, couch, bier." It comes from natah, "stretch out, extend." It can be a sleeping bed (2 Kgs 4:10), a couch for reclining at meals (Esth 1:6; Amos 6:4), or a bier for the dead (2 Sam 3:31).

Appears 29 times in 29 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

couch, bed, bier

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Proverbs 26:14

Range of meaning

"Bed, couch, bier." It comes from natah, "stretch out, extend." It can be a sleeping bed (2 Kgs 4:10), a couch for reclining at meals (Esth 1:6; Amos 6:4), or a bier for the dead (2 Sam 3:31).

Against the English

"Bed" is accurate. Many ordinary Israelites slept on mats or simple bedding on a raised platform in the house. A mittah could be a fuller piece of furniture, but in a proverb like this the word simply means wherever he lies.

Used elsewhere in the period

Proverbs 6:9–10 and 24:33 place the sluggard "lying down" (shakav) and asking for "a little sleep."

From the study of Genesis 49:33

Range of meaning

A bed or couch for sleeping or reclining. It can also be a litter or bier for carrying the dead (2 Sam 3:31).

Against the English

Translated 'bed' everywhere. That is accurate.

Used elsewhere in the period

Gen 47:31 ('Israel bowed upon the head of the bed'); 48:2 ('Israel strengthened himself and sat up on the bed'). 1 Kgs 1:47 has David bowing on his bed.

Where it appears

Genesis · 3
  1. Genesis 47:31 הַמִּטָּֽה׃ פ the bed

    “Swear to me,” Jacob said. So Joseph swore to him, and Israel bowed in worship at the head of his bed.

  2. Genesis 48:2 הַמִּטָּֽה׃ the bed

    When Jacob was told, “Your son Joseph has come to you,” Israel rallied his strength and sat up in bed.

  3. Genesis 49:33 הַמִּטָּ֑ה the bed

    When Jacob had finished instructing his sons, he pulled his feet into the bed and breathed his last, and he was gathered to his people.

    Here: The same bed mentioned in 47:31 and 48:2. The definite article points back to it: the bed on which he had bowed and then sat up to bless his sons.

Exodus · 1
  1. Exodus 8:3 מִטָּתֶ֑ךָ bed your

    The Nile will teem with frogs, and they will come into your palace and up to your bedroom and onto your bed, into the houses of your officials and your people, and into your ovens and kneading bowls.

1 Samuel · 4
  1. 1 Samuel 19:13 הַמִּטָּ֔ה the bed

    Then Michal took a household idol and laid it in the bed, placed some goat hair on its head, and covered it with a garment.

    Here: 'The bed': a couch or raised bed, which a household of standing would own. Many ordinary people slept on mats. David is a royal son-in-law, so the bed fits his rank.

  2. 1 Samuel 19:15 בַמִּטָּ֛ה on the bed

    But Saul sent the messengers back to see David and told them, “Bring him up to me in his bed so I can kill him.”

  3. 1 Samuel 19:16 הַמִּטָּ֑ה the bed

    And when the messengers entered, there was the idol in the bed with the goat hair on its head.

  4. 1 Samuel 28:23 הַמִּטָּֽה׃ the bed

    Saul refused, saying, “I will not eat.” But his servants joined the woman in urging him, and he heeded their voice. He got up from the ground and sat on the bed.

2 Samuel · 2
  1. 2 Samuel 3:31 הַמִּטָּֽה׃ the bier

    Then David ordered Joab and all the people with him, “Tear your clothes, put on sackcloth, and mourn before Abner.” And King David himself walked behind the funeral bier.

  2. 2 Samuel 4:7 מִטָּתוֹ֙ bed his

    They had entered the house while Ish-bosheth was lying on his bed, and having stabbed and killed him, they beheaded him, took his head, and traveled all night by way of the Arabah.

1 Kings · 2
  1. 1 Kings 17:19 מִטָּתֽוֹ׃ bed his

    But Elijah said to her, “Give me your son.” So he took him from her arms, carried him to the upper room where he was staying, and laid him on his own bed.

  2. 1 Kings 21:4 מִטָּת֔וֹ bed his

    So Ahab went to his palace, sullen and angry because Naboth the Jezreelite had told him, “I will not give you the inheritance of my fathers.” He lay down on his bed, turned his face away, and refused to eat.

2 Kings · 7
  1. 2 Kings 1:4 הַמִּטָּ֞ה the bed

    Therefore this is what the LORD says: ‘You will not get up from the bed on which you are lying. You will surely die.’” So Elijah departed.

  2. 2 Kings 1:6 הַמִּטָּ֞ה the bed

    They replied, “A man came up to meet us and said, ‘Go back to the king who sent you and tell him that this is what the LORD says: Is it because there is no God in Israel that you are sending these men to inquire of Baal-zebub, the god of Ekron? Therefore you will not get up from the bed on which you are lying. You will surely die.’”

  3. 2 Kings 1:16 הַמִּטָּ֞ה the bed

    And Elijah said to King Ahaziah, “This is what the LORD says: Is there really no God in Israel for you to inquire of His word? Is that why you have sent messengers to inquire of Baal-zebub, the god of Ekron? Therefore you will not get up from the bed on which you are lying. You will surely die.”

  4. 2 Kings 4:10 מִטָּ֥ה a bed

    Please let us make a small room upstairs and put in it a bed, a table, a chair, and a lamp for him. Then when he comes to us, he can stay there.”

  5. 2 Kings 4:21 מִטַּ֖ת [the] bed of

    And she went up and laid him on the bed of the man of God. Then she shut the door and went out.

  6. 2 Kings 4:32 מִטָּתֽוֹ׃ bed his

    When Elisha reached the house, there was the boy lying dead on his bed.

  7. 2 Kings 11:2 הַמִּטּ֑וֹת the beds

    But Jehosheba daughter of King Joram, the sister of Ahaziah, took Joash son of Ahaziah and stole him away from among the sons of the king who were being murdered. She put him and his nurse in a bedroom to hide him from Athaliah, and he was not killed.

2 Chronicles · 2
  1. 2 Chronicles 22:11 הַמִּטּ֑וֹת the beds

    But Jehoshabeath daughter of King Jehoram took Joash son of Ahaziah and stole him away from among the sons of the king who were being murdered, and she put him and his nurse in a bedroom. Because Jehoshabeath, the daughter of King Jehoram and the wife of Jehoiada the priest, was Ahaziah’s sister, she hid Joash from Athaliah so that she could not kill him.

  2. 2 Chronicles 24:25 מִטָּת֖וֹ bed his

    And when the Arameans had withdrawn, they left Joash severely wounded. His own servants conspired against him for shedding the blood of the son of Jehoiada the priest, and they killed him on his bed. So he died and was buried in the City of David, but not in the tombs of the kings.

Esther · 2
  1. Esther 1:6 מִטּ֣וֹת׀ couches of

    Hangings of white and blue linen were fastened with cords of fine white and purple material to silver rings on the marble pillars. Gold and silver couches were arranged on a mosaic pavement of porphyry, marble, mother-of-pearl, and other costly stones.

  2. Esther 7:8 הַמִּטָּה֙ the couch

    Just as the king returned from the palace garden to the banquet hall, Haman was falling on the couch where Esther was reclining. The king exclaimed, “Would he actually assault the queen while I am in the palace?” As soon as the words had left the king’s mouth, they covered Haman’s face.

Psalms · 1
  1. Psalm 6:6 מִטָּתִ֑י bed my

    I am weary from groaning; all night I flood my bed with weeping and drench my couch with tears.

    Here: 'My bed.' The word comes from a root meaning 'stretch out', so it is the place you lie down. It is also the ordinary word for a sickbed (2 Kgs 1:4), which fits a psalm that asks for healing (v. 2).

Proverbs · 1
  1. Proverbs 26:14 מִטָּתֽוֹ׃ bed his

    As a door turns on its hinges, so the slacker turns on his bed.

    Here: "His bed." The word comes from a root meaning "stretch out," so it is a place for lying down. It is the one spot the sluggard is fastened to, the way the door is fastened to its pivot.

Song of Songs · 1
  1. Song of Songs 3:7 מִטָּתוֹ֙ bed his

    Behold, it is Solomon’s carriage, escorted by sixty of the mightiest men of Israel.

Ezekiel · 1
  1. Ezekiel 23:41 מִטָּ֣ה a couch

    You sat on a couch of luxury with a table spread before it, on which you had set My incense and My oil,

Amos · 2
  1. Amos 3:12 מִטָּ֖ה a bed

    This is what the LORD says: “As the shepherd snatches from the mouth of the lion two legs or a piece of an ear, so the Israelites dwelling in Samaria will be rescued having just the corner of a bed or the cushion of a couch.

  2. Amos 6:4 מִטּ֣וֹת beds of

    You lie on beds inlaid with ivory, and lounge upon your couches. You dine on lambs from the flock and calves from the stall.

    Here: Furniture for lying on, used for sleeping but also for resting and, as here, probably for reclining at a feast. Many Israelites slept on mats, so a raised frame was already a mark of comfort.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.