Hebrew word · H4962
מַת
metei
man
An old, poetic word for 'men, people', found in only about 20 places. It comes mainly in the idiom mətê mispār, 'men of number', meaning 'few men' (Gen 34:30; Deut 4:27; 26:5; 33:6; Ps 105:12), and in a few names such as Methuselah ('man of the dart'?).
Appears 22 times in 21 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
1) male, man
1a) males, men
1b) few men (in prose)
1b1) less emphasis on sex
1c) men (poetic)
1c1) less emphasis on sex
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of Isaiah 41:14
- Range of meaning
An old, poetic word for 'men, people', found in only about 20 places. It comes mainly in the idiom mətê mispār, 'men of number', meaning 'few men' (Gen 34:30; Deut 4:27; 26:5; 33:6; Ps 105:12), and in a few names such as Methuselah ('man of the dart'?).
- Against the English
KJV, WEB, ESV and NASB say 'men of Israel', which is literal but loses the 'few' overtone. BSB has 'few men' and NIV 'little Israel', which bring out that overtone. NRSV's 'insect Israel' follows a scholarly emendation of the Hebrew.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Deut 4:27: 'you will be left few in number (mətê mispār) among the nations', a prophecy of exile that this verse may echo. The Septuagint's 'fewest Israel' shows that early translators took the word to mean smallness of number.
- Range of meaning
məṯîm is an old poetic plural meaning 'men' (compare the name Methuselah, 'man of the dart'). It appears mostly in poetry, often in phrases like 'men few in number' (Genesis 34:30; Deuteronomy 4:27). Bound to rāʿāḇ, 'hunger', it means 'starving men'.
- Against the English
KJV and WEB 'famished', ESV 'go hungry', BSB 'starving'. Some modern versions give a stronger 'die of hunger', which follows the Septuagint's reading or a proposed correction of the text.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Deuteronomy 32:24 has mezê rāʿāḇ, 'wasted with hunger', in a list of covenant curses. Many scholars think Isaiah originally wrote that phrase and one letter was later miscopied. The Septuagint read the same consonants as mētê, 'dead': 'a multitude became dead through hunger and thirst for water'.
- Range of meaning
"Men, people". It is an old poetic word, always plural, and fairly rare (about 20 times). It is used for small numbers of people ("few men", Genesis 34:30; Deuteronomy 4:27) and in phrases like "men of" + a quality.
- Against the English
Translations simply say "men" or "people", or merge the phrase into one adjective ("the deceitful"). That is fine. The word adds an old, formal poetic tone rather than a different meaning.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Related words in other ancient languages: Ugaritic mt and Akkadian mutu, both "man, husband". Biblical parallels: metei-shawʾ (Job 11:11) and metei-ʾawen, "men of wickedness" (Job 22:15).
Where it appears
Genesis · 1
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Genesis 34:30 מְתֵ֣י [am] men of
Then Jacob said to Simeon and Levi, “You have brought trouble upon me by making me a stench to the Canaanites and Perizzites, the people of this land. We are few in number; if they unite against me and attack me, I and my household will be destroyed.”
Here: An old, rare word for 'men,' always plural. 'I' paired with a plural noun shows the father speaking for the whole clan: 'I [and mine] are men…'
Deuteronomy · 6
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Deuteronomy 2:34 מְתִ֔ם men
At that time we captured all his cities and devoted to destruction the people of every city, including women and children. We left no survivors.
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Deuteronomy 3:6 מְתִ֔ם men
We devoted them to destruction, as we had done to Sihon king of Heshbon, utterly destroying the men, women, and children of every city.
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Deuteronomy 4:27 מְתֵ֣י men of
Then the LORD will scatter you among the peoples, and only a few of you will survive among the nations to which the LORD will drive you.
Here: "Men of": an old poetic word for 'men', found only in the plural (compare the name Methuselah). It joins with the next word in a fixed idiom.
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Deuteronomy 26:5 בִּמְתֵ֣י <in> men of
and you are to declare before the LORD your God, “My father was a wandering Aramean, and he went down to Egypt few in number and lived there and became a great nation, mighty and numerous.
Here: An old word for 'men', found mostly in poetry and set phrases (compare the name Methuselah). With the preposition it means 'as men of', that is, a small band of people.
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Deuteronomy 28:62 בִּמְתֵ֣י <in> men of
You who were as numerous as the stars in the sky will be left few in number, because you would not obey the voice of the LORD your God.
Here: "With men of..." This is a rare, old word for "men" that is found only in the plural. Together with the next word it forms a fixed idiom for a group so small you could count it.
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Deuteronomy 33:6 מְתָ֖יו men his
Let Reuben live and not die, nor his men be few.”
1 Chronicles · 1
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1 Chronicles 16:19 מְתֵ֣י men of
When they were few in number, few indeed, and strangers in the land,
Job · 6
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Job 11:3 מְתִ֣ים men
Should your babbling put others to silence? Will you scoff without rebuke?
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Job 11:11 מְתֵי־ men of
Surely He knows the deceit of men. If He sees iniquity, does He not take note?
Here: An old, poetic word for 'men', found almost only in plural phrases like 'men of …'. It turns up in Job and the Psalms (Ps 26:4 has the same phrase, 'men of falsehood'), which gives the line an elevated, formal sound.
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Job 19:19 מְתֵ֣י [the] men of
All my best friends despise me, and those I love have turned against me.
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Job 22:15 מְתֵי־ men of
Will you stay on the ancient path that wicked men have trod?
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Job 24:12 מְתִ֨ים׀ men
From the city, men groan, and the souls of the wounded cry out, yet God charges no one with wrongdoing.
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Job 31:31 מְתֵ֣י [the] men of
if the men of my house have not said, ‘Who is there who has not had his fill?’—
Psalms · 4
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Psalm 17:14 מִֽמְתִ֥ים מִֽמְתִ֬ים from men
from such men, O LORD, by Your hand—from men of the world whose portion is in this life. May You fill the bellies of Your treasured ones and satisfy their sons, so they leave their abundance to their children.
Here: 'From (grown) men.' This picks up the 'deliver me' of verse 13: rescue me from these people. The word מַת means 'man, male' and is not the word for 'dead', though it looks similar.
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Psalm 26:4 מְתֵי־ men of
I do not sit with deceitful men, nor keep company with hypocrites.
Here: An old, poetic word for "men" that only occurs in the plural. It is related to Ugaritic *mt* and Akkadian *mutu* ("man, husband"). Here it is joined to the next word: "men of…". It has nothing to do with the Hebrew verb for "die".
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Psalm 105:12 מְתֵ֣י men of
When they were few in number, few indeed, and strangers in the land,
Here: 'Men of'. This is an old word for 'men, males' that occurs only in the plural. It is not the word for 'dead' (מֵת, met), even though the two look alike in English letters. Here it begins the fixed phrase 'men of number'.
Isaiah · 3
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Isaiah 3:25 מְתַ֖יִךְ men your
Your men will fall by the sword, and your warriors in battle.
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Isaiah 5:13 מְתֵ֣י [will be] men of
Therefore My people will go into exile for their lack of understanding; their dignitaries are starving and their masses are parched with thirst.
Here: An old poetic word for 'men', bound to the next word: 'men of hunger', meaning starving men. The same consonants can be read 'dead of' (so the Septuagint), which would make it 'dead from hunger'.
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Isaiah 41:14 מְתֵ֖י O men of
Do not fear, O Jacob, you worm, O few men of Israel. I will help you,” declares the LORD. “Your Redeemer is the Holy One of Israel.
Here: A rare, old word for 'men'. It appears mostly in the idiom 'men of number', meaning 'few men' (Gen 34:30; Deut 4:27), so 'men of Israel' here suggests a small handful of people. Its sound also echoes the word for 'dead' (mētîm).
Jeremiah · 1
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Jeremiah 44:28 מְתֵ֣י men of
Those who escape the sword will return from Egypt to Judah, few in number, and the whole remnant of Judah who went to dwell in the land of Egypt will know whose word will stand, Mine or theirs!
Here: A rare, old word for 'men'. It appears in the fixed phrase 'men of number', meaning so few you could count them.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.