Hebrew word · H5140
נָזַל
yizelu-
to flow
To flow, run, trickle, drip, stream. It is used of running water and streams (the participle nōzlîm means 'streams'), of rain and dew falling, and of words falling gently like dew (Deuteronomy 32:2).
Appears 16 times in 16 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
1) to flow, distil, flow forth or down, trickle, drop
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to flow
1a1a) streams, floods (participle)
1a2) to distil
1b) (Hiphil) to cause to flow
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of Isaiah 48:21
- Range of meaning
To flow, run, trickle, drip, stream. It is used of running water and streams (the participle nōzlîm means 'streams'), of rain and dew falling, and of words falling gently like dew (Deuteronomy 32:2).
- Against the English
'Made… flow' (BSB) and 'caused… to flow' (KJV, WEB) are accurate. The causative form of the verb is rare (found only here), and the English cannot show that.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Exodus 15:8 (the waters 'stood up like a heap' as 'flowing' streams); Psalm 78:16 ('he brought streams [nōzlîm] out of the crag'); Isaiah 44:3 ('streams on the dry ground'); Isaiah 45:8 ('let the clouds rain down righteousness').
From the study of Proverbs 5:15
- Range of meaning
To flow, trickle or stream. Often found as the participle nōzəlîm, 'flowing things', used as a poetic word for streams or running water. It can also mean to drip down, as rain from clouds (Job 36:28; Isa 45:8).
- Against the English
BSB, KJV and NIV have 'running water', ESV 'flowing water', NASB 'fresh water'. To a modern ear 'running water' means indoor plumbing. Here it means water in motion, fresh and abundant, the opposite of stale.
- How it drifted
'Running water' became a common English phrase for piped household supply, which brings in a modern picture that has nothing to do with the original.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Exod 15:8: the 'flowing waters' stood up like a heap. Ps 78:16: God brought 'streams' out of the rock. Isa 44:3: 'streams on the dry ground'. Song 4:15: 'flowing streams from Lebanon', said of the bride.
From the study of Jeremiah 18:14
- Range of meaning
Flowing, streaming, trickling, running down. The participle (a verb form describing ongoing action) is also used as a noun, 'streams'.
- Against the English
Most versions say 'flowing'. The Hebrew form adds the sense of continual motion: these are streams that keep running.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Song of Songs 4:15: 'a well of living water, and flowing streams (nōzəlîm) from Lebanon'. Exodus 15:8 and Psalm 78:16 use it for flowing water; Isaiah 44:3, 'streams on the dry ground'.
Where it appears
Exodus · 1
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Exodus 15:8 נֹזְלִ֑ים streams
At the blast of Your nostrils the waters piled up; like a wall the currents stood firm; the depths congealed in the heart of the sea.
Here: A participle, literally 'the things that flow'. It is a poetic name for running water. The irony is the point: the 'flowing ones' have stopped flowing and stand still.
Numbers · 1
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Numbers 24:7 יִֽזַּל־ it will flow
Water will flow from his buckets, and his seed will have abundant water. His king will be greater than Agag, and his kingdom will be exalted.
Here: Water runs or streams over. The verb is intransitive: the water is what flows, not 'he pours'. It is the same root as the 'streams' God brings from the rock (Psalm 78:16), so it hints at water given as a gift in dry country.
Deuteronomy · 1
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Deuteronomy 32:2 תִּזַּ֥ל may it distil
Let my teaching fall like rain and my speech settle like dew, like gentle rain on new grass, like showers on tender plants.
Here: Used of streams and running water (Exod 15:8; Ps 147:18) and of fragrance spreading (Song 4:16). Of dew it pictures moisture forming and running down quietly. It is feminine, agreeing with 'my word'.
Judges · 1
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Judges 5:5 נָזְל֖וּ they flowed
The mountains quaked before the LORD, the One of Sinai, before the LORD, the God of Israel.
Job · 1
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Job 36:28 יִזְּל֥וּ they flow
which the clouds pour out and shower abundantly on mankind.
Psalms · 3
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Psalm 78:16 נוֹזְלִ֣ים streams
He brought streams from the stone and made water flow down like rivers.
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Psalm 78:44 וְ֝נֹזְלֵיהֶ֗ם and streams their
He turned their rivers to blood, and from their streams they could not drink.
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Psalm 147:18 יִזְּלוּ־ they flow
He sends forth His word and melts them; He unleashes His winds, and the waters flow.
Here: 'They flow.' The word is used of liquid running or streaming downward, which suits meltwater coming off the hills. No 'and' joins it to the previous clause, so the flow follows the wind at once.
Proverbs · 1
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Proverbs 5:15 וְ֝נֹזְלִ֗ים and streams
Drink water from your own cistern, and running water from your own well.
Here: A verb form meaning 'things that flow', used here as a noun: streams, running water. 'Water' carries over from the first line. The word is poetic and has a feeling of freshness and abundance. The same word describes the bride as 'streams flowing from Lebanon' in Song 4:15.
Song of Songs · 2
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Song of Songs 4:15 וְנֹזְלִ֖ים and flowing
You are a garden spring, a well of fresh water flowing down from Lebanon.
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Song of Songs 4:16 יִזְּל֣וּ let them flow
Awake, O north wind, and come, O south wind. Breathe on my garden and spread the fragrance of its spices. Let my beloved come into his garden and taste its choicest fruits.
Here: 'Let them flow': a verb for running water, used one verse earlier for the streams 'flowing' from Lebanon (4:15). The scent is pictured as pouring out like water. Set side by side with the command, it expresses the purpose: blow, so that the spices flow.
Isaiah · 3
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Isaiah 44:3 וְנֹזְלִ֖ים and streams
For I will pour water on the thirsty land, and currents on the dry ground. I will pour out My Spirit on your descendants, and My blessing on your offspring.
Here: A participle, "things that flow." It means running water or torrents, not a trickle. The same word is used for the waters God made flow from the rock in the wilderness (Ps 78:16; Isa 48:21).
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Isaiah 45:8 יִזְּלוּ־ let them flow
Drip down, O heavens, from above, and let the skies pour down righteousness. Let the earth open up that salvation may sprout and righteousness spring up with it; I, the LORD, have created it.
Here: 'Let them stream down.' A stronger flow than 'trickle', used of running water and streams. The poem builds from drip to downpour.
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Isaiah 48:21 הִזִּ֣יל he caused to flow
They did not thirst when He led them through the deserts; He made water flow for them from the rock; He split the rock, and water gushed out.
Here: 'He made [it] flow.' The base verb describes streams running or dew and rain trickling down. This causative form occurs only here in the Hebrew Bible. God is the one who sets the water running.
Jeremiah · 2
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Jeremiah 9:18 יִזְּלוּ־ they may flow
Let them come quickly and take up a lament over us, that our eyes may overflow with tears, and our eyelids may gush with water.
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Jeremiah 18:14 נוֹזְלִֽים׃ flowing
Does the snow of Lebanon ever leave its rocky slopes? Or do its cool waters flowing from a distance ever run dry?
Here: The form describes water that keeps flowing. The same word appears in Song of Songs 4:15, 'flowing streams from Lebanon', so it was a stock picture of the snow-fed streams that never stop.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.