נֵכָר

Genesis 17:12 נֵכָ֔ר foreignness

Generation after generation, every male must be circumcised when he is eight days old, including those born in your household and those purchased from a foreigner—even those who are not your offspring.

Here: Foreignness: what lies outside one's own people and kin. A ben-nekhar is an outsider by birth and people, not merely someone unfamiliar.

Genesis 17:27 נֵכָ֑ר foreignness

And all the men of Abraham’s household—both servants born in his household and those purchased from foreigners—were circumcised with him.

Genesis 35:2 הַנֵּכָר֙ <the> foreignness

So Jacob told his household and all who were with him, “Get rid of the foreign gods that are among you. Purify yourselves and change your garments.

Here: A noun, 'the foreign/foreignness': gods that belong to other peoples and other lands, not to Jacob's family and its God.

Genesis 35:4 הַנֵּכָר֙ <the> foreignness

So they gave Jacob all their foreign gods and all their earrings, and Jacob buried them under the oak near Shechem.

Exodus 12:43 נֵכָ֖ר foreignness

And the LORD said to Moses and Aaron, “This is the statute of the Passover: No foreigner is to eat of it.

Leviticus 22:25 נֵכָ֗ר foreignness

Neither you nor a foreigner shall present food to your God from any such animal. They will not be accepted on your behalf, because they are deformed and flawed.’”

Deuteronomy 31:16 נֵֽכַר־ <the> foreignness of

And the LORD said to Moses, “You will soon rest with your fathers, and these people will rise up and prostitute themselves with the foreign gods of the land they are entering. They will forsake Me and break the covenant I have made with them.

Here: Literally 'the foreignness of', so 'the gods of the foreign [people/places] of the land'. These gods are outsiders to Israel's covenant even though they are at home in the land.

Deuteronomy 32:12 נֵכָֽר׃ foreignness

The LORD alone led him, and no foreign god was with him.

Joshua 24:20 נֵכָ֑ר foreignness

If you forsake the LORD and serve foreign gods, He will turn and bring disaster on you and consume you, even after He has been good to you.”

Here: A noun, literally 'foreignness': gods that belong to other lands and peoples, outsiders to Israel's household. It is the same phrase Jacob used at this same place, Shechem, when he told his household to get rid of their gods (Gen 35:2, 4).

Joshua 24:23 הַנֵּכָ֖ר <the> foreignness

“Now, therefore,” he said, “get rid of the foreign gods among you and incline your hearts to the LORD, the God of Israel.”

Here: A noun, literally 'the foreignness'. These are gods that belong to other lands and peoples (beyond the River, Egypt, Canaan, 24:14–15) and are outsiders to Israel's bond with YHWH.

Judges 10:16 הַנֵּכָר֙ <the> foreignness

So they put away the foreign gods from among them and served the LORD, and He could no longer bear the misery of Israel.

Here: A noun, 'the foreignness': 'gods of foreignness' means gods that belong to outsiders and have no claim on Israel. This is the stock phrase for decisive covenant renewal (Gen 35:2, 4; Josh 24:23; 1 Sam 7:3).

1 Samuel 7:3 הַנֵּכָ֛ר <the> foreignness

Then Samuel said to all the house of Israel, “If you are returning to the LORD with all your hearts, then put away the foreign gods and Ashtoreths among you, prepare your hearts for the LORD, and serve Him only. And He will deliver you from the hand of the Philistines.”

Here: “The gods of the foreign”: gods that belong to other peoples and lands and have no claim on Israel. It is the same phrase as in Genesis 35:2 and Joshua 24:23.

2 Samuel 22:45 נֵכָ֖ר foreignness

Foreigners cower before me; when they hear me, they obey me.

2 Samuel 22:46 נֵכָ֖ר foreignness

Foreigners lose heart and come trembling from their strongholds.

2 Chronicles 14:3 הַנֵּכָ֖ר <the> foreignness

He removed the foreign altars and high places, shattered the sacred pillars, and chopped down the Asherah poles.

2 Chronicles 33:15 הַנֵּכָ֤ר <the> foreignness

He removed the foreign gods and the idol from the house of the LORD, along with all the altars he had built on the temple mount and in Jerusalem, and he dumped them outside the city.

Nehemiah 9:2 נֵכָ֑ר foreignness

Those of Israelite descent separated themselves from all the foreigners, and they stood and confessed their sins and the iniquities of their fathers.

Here: "Foreignness." An abstract noun: what belongs to another nation, people outside Israel's kinship and covenant. Not the same as the resident alien (gēr), who lived among Israel under its laws.

Nehemiah 13:30 נֵכָ֑ר foreignness

Thus I purified the priests and Levites from everything foreign, and I assigned specific duties to each of the priests and Levites.

Psalm 18:44 נֵ֝כָ֗ר foreignness

When they hear me, they obey me; foreigners cower before me.

Here: An abstract noun, "foreignness". With "sons of" it names people of other nations who sit outside Israel's kinship and covenant. Here that means foreign peoples and rulers beyond the king's own nation (compare v. 43: "a people I had not known").

Psalm 18:45 נֵכָ֥ר foreignness

Foreigners lose heart and come trembling from their strongholds.

Psalm 81:9 נֵכָֽר׃ foreignness

There must be no strange god among you, nor shall you bow to a foreign god.

Here: Literally 'a god of foreignness', a god that belongs to another nation and land. It is the stock phrase of covenant-renewal scenes where Israel is told to 'put away the foreign gods' (Gen 35:2; Josh 24:23; 1 Sam 7:3).

Psalm 137:4 נֵכָֽר׃ foreignness

How can we sing a song of the LORD in a foreign land?

Psalm 144:7 נֵכָֽר׃ foreignness

Reach down from on high; set me free and rescue me from the deep waters, from the grasp of foreigners,

Here: 'Foreignness'. 'Sons of foreignness' means foreigners: outsiders to Israel's covenant people. Here they are hostile foreign powers, and verse 8 says their oaths are false.

Psalm 144:11 נֵ֫כָ֥ר foreignness

Set me free and rescue me from the grasp of foreigners, whose mouths speak falsehood, whose right hands are deceitful.

Here: An abstract noun, 'foreignness'. 'Sons of foreignness' are outsiders who do not belong to Israel's covenant people. Here it means hostile foreign powers, not resident immigrants.

Isaiah 56:3 הַנֵּכָ֗ר <the> foreignness

Let no foreigner who has joined himself to the LORD say, “The LORD will utterly exclude me from His people.” And let the eunuch not say, “I am but a dry tree.”

Here: An abstract noun, "the foreign" or "the alien". Together with ben it names a person of non-Israelite origin and allegiance. This is the category the Torah kept out of the Passover (Exod 12:43).

Isaiah 56:6 הַנֵּכָ֗ר <the> foreignness

And the foreigners who join themselves to the LORD to minister to Him, to love the name of the LORD, and to be His servants—all who keep the Sabbath without profaning it and who hold fast to My covenant—

Here: An abstract noun, 'foreignness'. A 'son of foreignness' is someone of non-Israelite birth and stock. This is the exact group the Law kept out of Passover (Exodus 12:43) and whose offerings it refused (Leviticus 22:25).

Isaiah 60:10 נֵכָר֙ foreignness

Foreigners will rebuild your walls, and their kings will serve you. Although I struck you in anger, yet in favor I will show you mercy.

Here: An abstract noun, 'foreignness'. With 'sons of' it names people from outside Israel's kinship and covenant, the same phrase Isaiah 56:3, 6 uses for foreigners who attach themselves to the LORD.

Isaiah 61:5 נֵכָ֔ר foreignness

Strangers will stand and feed your flocks, and foreigners will be your plowmen and vinedressers.

Isaiah 62:8 נֵכָר֙ foreignness

The LORD has sworn by His right hand and by His mighty arm: “Never again will I give your grain to your enemies for food, nor will foreigners drink the new wine for which you have toiled.

Here: "Foreigners": outsiders who do not belong to the people or the land. Here they are pictured as people who take what they did not grow.

Jeremiah 5:19 נֵכָר֙ foreignness

And when the people ask, ‘For what offense has the LORD our God done all these things to us?’ You are to tell them, ‘Just as you have forsaken Me and served foreign gods in your land, so will you serve foreigners in a land that is not your own.’”

Here: 'Gods of foreignness': gods that belong to other peoples and other lands, imported into Yahweh's land.

Jeremiah 8:19 נֵכָֽר׃ foreignness

Listen to the cry of the daughter of my people from a land far away: “Is the LORD no longer in Zion? Is her King no longer there?” “Why have they provoked Me to anger with their carved images, with their worthless foreign idols?”

Here: “Of foreignness”: gods from outside Israel's covenant relationship. “Foreign breaths” mocks them twice over: they are nothing, and they are not even Israel's own.

Ezekiel 44:7 נֵכָ֗ר foreignness

In addition to all your other abominations, you brought in foreigners uncircumcised in both heart and flesh to occupy My sanctuary; you defiled My temple when you offered My food—the fat and the blood; you broke My covenant.

Here: Together with the previous word, "sons of foreignness" means foreigners: people outside Israel's covenant community, not the resident outsider (gēr) who had joined Israel's life.

Ezekiel 44:9 נֵכָ֗ר נֵכָ֔ר foreignness

This is what the Lord GOD says: No foreigner uncircumcised in heart and flesh may enter My sanctuary—not even a foreigner who lives among the Israelites.

Here: Foreignness: belonging to another people and, by implication, to other gods. Ben-nēkār is the outsider who has not joined Israel's covenant, distinct from the gēr, the resident alien who could attach himself to Israel.

Daniel 11:39 נֵכָ֔ר foreignness

He will attack the strongest fortresses with the help of a foreign god and will greatly honor those who acknowledge him, making them rulers over many and distributing the land for a price.

Here: 'Foreignness', so 'a foreign god': one alien to the land and the people. The phrase 'foreign god' is an old covenant phrase (Deut 32:12; Ps 81:9; Mal 2:11) that marks a god Israel must not serve.

Malachi 2:11 נֵכָֽר׃ foreignness

Judah has broken faith; an abomination has been committed in Israel and in Jerusalem. For Judah has profaned the LORD’s beloved sanctuary by marrying the daughter of a foreign god.

Here: "Of foreignness", that is, a foreign god. It is the standard phrase for gods outside Israel's covenant (Deuteronomy 32:12; Psalm 81:9).