Hebrew word · H5273

נָעִים

na'im

pleasant

Pleasant, lovely, delightful, sweet. Used of things that delight the senses or the heart: music, beloved people, a good share of land.

Appears 13 times in 13 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

1) pleasant, delightful, sweet, lovely, agreeable

1a) delightful

1b) lovely, beautiful (physical)

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Psalm 133:1

Range of meaning

Pleasant, lovely, delightful, sweet. Used of things that delight the senses or the heart: music, beloved people, a good share of land.

Against the English

Modern English 'pleasant' is mild, like a nice afternoon. Na'im is warmer: lovely, delightful.

How it drifted

'Pleasant' has weakened in English since the KJV era.

Used elsewhere in the period

2 Sam 1:23: Saul and Jonathan 'beloved and lovely (ne'imim)'; 2 Sam 23:1: David 'the sweet (na'im) singer of Israel'; Ps 16:6: 'the boundary lines have fallen for me in pleasant (ne'imim) places,' which is inheritance-of-land language; Ps 147:1 pairs it with tov exactly as here: 'it is good... it is pleasant.'

From the study of Psalm 16:11

Range of meaning

Adjective: pleasant, lovely, sweet, delightful. It is used of music, words, friendship, good land, and of things that are simply good to have. As a plural noun it means 'lovely things, delights.'

Against the English

KJV, ESV, NASB, WEB and BSB render 'pleasures'. YLT renders 'pleasant things'. Today 'pleasures' often suggests sensual or self-indulgent enjoyment. The Hebrew word is closer to 'delights, lovely things, good gifts'.

How it drifted

In older English 'pleasures' simply meant delights. Its modern sense has narrowed toward gratification.

Used elsewhere in the period

Psalm 16:6: 'The boundary lines have fallen for me in pleasant places (bannəʿimîm); surely I have a delightful inheritance.' Psalm 133:1: 'how good and how pleasant (nāʿîm) when brothers dwell together.' Psalm 81:2 speaks of the 'sweet lyre'. In 2 Samuel 1:23 Saul and Jonathan are 'lovely'. In 2 Samuel 23:1 David is 'the sweet psalmist of Israel'. The Septuagint renders terpnotētes, 'delights.'

From the study of Proverbs 22:18

Range of meaning

Pleasant, delightful, lovely, sweet. It is used of things that please the senses and of beauty and harmony.

Against the English

'Pleasant' (KJV, WEB, YLT) and 'pleasing' (BSB) are accurate. They are perhaps a little mild for a word that can mean lovely or delightful.

Used elsewhere in the period

'How good and how pleasant' (Ps 133:1). Rooms filled with 'precious and pleasant riches' (Prov 24:4, from this same collection). Wasted 'pleasant words' (Prov 23:8).

Where it appears

2 Samuel · 2
  1. 2 Samuel 1:23 וְהַנְּעִימִם֙ and <the> pleasant

    Saul and Jonathan, beloved and delightful in life, were not divided in death. They were swifter than eagles; they were stronger than lions.

  2. 2 Samuel 23:1 וּנְעִ֖ים and [the] pleasant [one] of

    These are the last words of David: “The oracle of David son of Jesse, the oracle of the man raised on high, the one anointed by the God of Jacob, and the sweet psalmist of Israel:

    Here: "And the pleasant one of". The core sense is delightful or lovely. The supplied lexical data tags a second sense, "musical", and some connect it to a root meaning "to sing". What exactly it says about David is debated (see Debates).

Job · 1
  1. Job 36:11 בַּנְּעִימִֽים׃ in <the> pleasant [things]

    If they obey and serve Him, then they end their days in prosperity and their years in happiness.

    Here: 'In pleasant things', meaning delights and loveliness. It is the same root as in 'the lines have fallen for me in pleasant places' (Psalm 16:6) and carries sweetness and a pleasant life, not self-indulgence.

Psalms · 6
  1. Psalm 16:6 בַּנְּעִמִ֑ים in <the> pleasant [places]

    The lines of my boundary have fallen in pleasant places; surely my inheritance is delightful.

    Here: Literally "in the lovely ones." The adjective is used as a noun, and English supplies "places" or "ground." The cords came down across the delightful, desirable land: sweet, lovely, a pleasure to have. The same root comes back in verse 11 ("pleasures at your right hand").

  2. Psalm 16:11 נְעִמ֖וֹת pleasant [things]

    You have made known to me the path of life; You will fill me with joy in Your presence, with eternal pleasures at Your right hand.

    Here: 'Lovely things, delights.' It comes from the same root as the 'pleasant places' of verse 6, where the psalmist describes his allotted inheritance. Its sense is pleasant and good, not indulgence.

  3. Psalm 81:2 נָעִ֣ים pleasant

    Lift up a song, strike the tambourine, play the sweet-sounding harp and lyre.

    Here: 'Lovely' or 'delightful to the ear'. It describes the lyre's sound. It comes from the same root as the name Naomi ('my delight') and appears in David's title 'the sweet psalmist of Israel' (2 Samuel 23:1).

  4. Psalm 133:1 נָּעִ֑ים pleasant

    A song of ascents. Of David. Behold, how good and pleasant it is when brothers live together in harmony!

    Here: Lovely or delightful in a way you feel, used of music, of beloved friends, and of a good inheritance of land. It adds the delight of the thing to its goodness.

  5. Psalm 135:3 נָעִֽים׃ [it is] pleasant

    Hallelujah, for the LORD is good; sing praises to His name, for it is lovely.

    Here: Pleasant in a way the senses can feel: sweet, lovely, delightful. The Hebrew gives no subject, so 'it' could be his name, the act of making music, or Yahweh himself (see debates).

  6. Psalm 147:1 נָ֝עִים [is] pleasant

    Hallelujah! How good it is to sing praises to our God, how pleasant and lovely to praise Him!

    Here: Delightful and sweet to the senses, a word used for music and for close fellowship. It may describe the praise or, as in Psalm 135:3, God himself (see debates).

Proverbs · 3
  1. Proverbs 22:18 נָ֭עִים [will be] pleasant

    for it is pleasing when you keep them within you and they are constantly on your lips.

    Here: Used here as an impersonal statement, 'it is pleasant'. The teacher is selling the reward of learning: having wise sayings stored up is a delight, not only a duty.

  2. Proverbs 23:8 הַנְּעִימִֽים׃ <the> pleasant

    You will vomit up what little you have eaten and waste your pleasant words.

  3. Proverbs 24:4 וְנָעִֽים׃ and pleasant

    through knowledge its rooms are filled with every precious and beautiful treasure.

    Here: 'And pleasant'. The goods are a delight to have, not just valuable. The same word describes music, friendship and a good inheritance. The verse ends on enjoyment as well as worth.

Song of Songs · 1
  1. Song of Songs 1:16 נָעִ֔ים pleasant

    How handsome you are, my beloved! Oh, how delightful! The soft grass is our bed.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.