Hebrew word · H5422
נָתַץ
natatz
to tear
To pull down, break down, demolish a built structure: altars (Judg 6:30–32; 2 Kgs 23:12), pillars and shrines, houses (Lev 14:45, a house with mold is torn down), towers and city walls (Judg 8:9, 17; 2 Kgs 25:10). Used figuratively for God overthrowing people or nations (Jer 1:10; 18:7; Job 19:10).
Appears 42 times in 41 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
1) to pull down, break down, cast down, throw down, beat down, destroy, overthrow, break out (teeth)
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to pull down
1a2) to break down, break off
1b) (Niphal) to be pulled or broken down
1c) (Piel) to tear down
1d) (Pual) to be torn down
1e) (Hophal) to be broken, be broken down
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
- Range of meaning
To pull down, break down, demolish a built structure: altars (Judg 6:30–32; 2 Kgs 23:12), pillars and shrines, houses (Lev 14:45, a house with mold is torn down), towers and city walls (Judg 8:9, 17; 2 Kgs 25:10). Used figuratively for God overthrowing people or nations (Jer 1:10; 18:7; Job 19:10).
- Against the English
KJV/WEB 'destroy' is accurate but generic and loses the picture. YLT 'break thee down' and ESV/NASB 'break you down' keep the demolition idea. BSB/NIV 'bring you down to… ruin' is closer in sense but still not the image of a building being knocked down.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Common in Deuteronomic and prophetic language for destroying cult sites (Deut 7:5; 12:3). Jeremiah's call vocabulary, 'to pluck up and to break down (nātaṣ), to destroy and overthrow, to build and to plant' (Jer 1:10), puts this verb next to uprooting, as Ps 52:5 does.
From the study of Jeremiah 18:7
- Range of meaning
To tear down or demolish a built structure: altars, pillars, walls, houses, towers (Judg 6:28–32; 2 Kgs 10:27; 25:10, where the Babylonians tear down Jerusalem's walls).
- Against the English
KJV 'pull down', WEB/YLT/ESV 'break down', BSB/NIV 'torn down'. All are accurate.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Used in Deuteronomy for tearing down Canaanite altars (Deut 7:5; 12:3). Its counterpart is 'build' (bānâ) in Jer 1:10; 24:6; 31:28.
From the study of Deuteronomy 7:5
- Range of meaning
There are four destructive verbs, each matched to an object:
- natats, 'tear down' a built structure (the altar)
- shibber, 'smash to pieces' (the standing stone)
- gidda', 'hew down' (the wooden Asherah)
- saraf, 'burn' (the carved images)
- Against the English
Most versions keep four distinct verbs. The KJV's 'destroy' for natats is vaguer than 'tear down'.
- Used elsewhere in the period
The same verbs recur in reform stories: Gideon (Judg 6:25–32), Jehu (2 Kgs 10:26–27), Hezekiah (2 Kgs 18:4) and Josiah (2 Kgs 23:6–15). These are written almost as if carrying out this command.
Where it appears
Exodus · 1
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Exodus 34:13 תִּתֹּצ֔וּן you will pull down !
Rather, you must tear down their altars, smash their sacred stones, and chop down their Asherah poles.
Here: 'You shall tear down.' This is the verb used for knocking down built structures such as houses, walls and towers. The extra -un ending is an older, weightier verb form that gives the command a solemn, emphatic ring.
Leviticus · 2
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Leviticus 11:35 יֻתָּ֖ץ it will be broken up
Anything upon which one of their carcasses falls will be unclean. If it is an oven or cooking pot, it must be smashed; it is unclean and will remain unclean for you.
Here: "Shall be torn down." This verb is normally used for pulling down built structures such as altars, walls and houses. The singular form makes each item the subject in turn: whichever one it is must be demolished.
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Leviticus 14:45 וְנָתַ֣ץ and he will pull down
It must be torn down with its stones, its timbers, and all its plaster, and taken outside the city to an unclean place.
Deuteronomy · 2
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Deuteronomy 7:5 תִּתֹּ֔צוּ you will break down
Instead, this is what you are to do to them: tear down their altars, smash their sacred pillars, cut down their Asherah poles, and burn their idols in the fire.
Here: 'You shall tear down.' The verb is used for pulling down built structures such as walls, houses and towers. The altar is to be taken apart so that it cannot be used.
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Deuteronomy 12:3 וְנִתַּצְתֶּ֣ם and you will break down
Tear down their altars, smash their sacred pillars, burn up their Asherah poles, cut down the idols of their gods, and wipe out their names from every place.
Here: Used for pulling down built things, such as walls, houses and stone altars. The form carries on the command begun in verse 2 ('you shall surely destroy'), so it means 'and you shall tear down', a command and not a forecast. The 'you' is plural: the whole community is addressed.
Judges · 8
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Judges 2:2 תִּתֹּצ֑וּן you will pull down !
and you are not to make a covenant with the people of this land, but you shall tear down their altars.’ Yet you have not obeyed My voice. What is this you have done?
Here: 'You shall pull down', a word for knocking down built structures. The extra final -n is an old, emphatic verb ending, and it matches the wording of Exodus 34:13 exactly, which marks this as a quotation.
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Judges 6:28 נֻתַּץ֙ it was torn down
When the men of the city got up in the morning, there was Baal’s altar torn down, with the Asherah pole cut down beside it and the second bull offered up on the newly built altar.
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Judges 6:30 נָתַץ֙ he has torn down
Then the men of the city said to Joash, “Bring out your son. He must die, because he has torn down Baal’s altar and cut down the Asherah pole beside it.”
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Judges 6:31 נָתַ֖ץ someone has torn down
But Joash said to all who stood against him, “Are you contending for Baal? Are you trying to save him? Whoever pleads his case will be put to death by morning! If Baal is a god, let him contend for himself with the one who has torn down his altar.”
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Judges 6:32 נָתַ֖ץ he has torn down
So on that day Gideon was called Jerubbaal, that is to say, “Let Baal contend with him,” because he had torn down Baal’s altar.
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Judges 8:9 אֶתֹּ֖ץ I will tear down
So Gideon told the men of Penuel, “When I return in triumph, I will tear down this tower!”
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Judges 8:17 נָתָ֑ץ he tore down
He also pulled down the tower of Penuel and killed the men of the city.
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Judges 9:45 וַיִּתֹּץ֙ and he pulled down
And all that day Abimelech fought against the city until he had captured it and killed its people. Then he demolished the city and sowed it with salt.
Here: To pull down or break apart structures such as walls, houses and altars. In Judges this verb is tied to Abimelech's father, who "tore down" Baal's altar (6:28–32) and got the name Jerubbaal from it. Now the son tears down a city that worshipped Baal-berith.
2 Kings · 8
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2 Kings 10:27 וַֽיִּתְּצ֔וּ וַֽיִּתְּצוּ֙ and they pulled down
They also demolished the sacred pillar of Baal. Then they tore down the temple of Baal and made it into a latrine, which it is to this day.
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2 Kings 11:18 וַֽיִּתְּצֻ֗הוּ and they pulled down it
So all the people of the land went to the temple of Baal and tore it down. They smashed the altars and idols to pieces, and they killed Mattan the priest of Baal in front of the altars. And Jehoiada the priest posted guards for the house of the LORD.
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2 Kings 23:7 וַיִּתֹּץ֙ and he broke down
He also tore down the quarters of the male shrine prostitutes that were in the house of the LORD, where the women had woven tapestries for Asherah.
Here: This is the verb for demolishing a building or an altar. It is the word Deuteronomy uses in its command to 'tear down their altars' (Deut 7:5; 12:3), so Josiah is shown carrying out that law to the letter. The verb form moves the story along: 'and then he demolished…'
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2 Kings 23:8 וְנָתַ֞ץ and he broke down
Then Josiah brought all the priests from the cities of Judah and desecrated the high places, from Geba to Beersheba, where the priests had burned incense. He tore down the high places of the gates at the entrance of the gate of Joshua the governor of the city, which was to the left of the city gate.
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2 Kings 23:12 נָתַ֣ץ he pulled down
He pulled down the altars that the kings of Judah had set up on the roof near the upper chamber of Ahaz, and the altars that Manasseh had set up in the two courtyards of the house of the LORD. The king pulverized them there and threw their dust into the Kidron Valley.
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2 Kings 23:15 נָתָ֑ץ he tore down
He even pulled down the altar at Bethel, the high place set up by Jeroboam son of Nebat, who had caused Israel to sin. Then he burned the high place, ground it to powder, and burned the Asherah pole.
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2 Kings 25:10 נָֽתְצוּ֙ they broke down
And the whole army of the Chaldeans under the captain of the guard broke down the walls around Jerusalem.
2 Chronicles · 6
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2 Chronicles 23:17 וַֽיִּתְּצֻ֔הוּ and they pulled down it
So all the people went to the temple of Baal and tore it down. They smashed the altars and idols to pieces and killed Mattan the priest of Baal in front of the altars.
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2 Chronicles 31:1 וַיְנַתְּצ֣וּ and they pulled down
When all this had ended, the Israelites in attendance went out to the cities of Judah and broke up the sacred pillars, chopped down the Asherah poles, and tore down the high places and altars throughout Judah and Benjamin, as well as in Ephraim and Manasseh, until they had utterly destroyed them all. Then all the Israelites returned to their cities, each to his own property.
Here: To tear down or demolish built structures. It is the verb for altars in Deut 7:5 and 12:3, and here it covers the shrines too.
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2 Chronicles 33:3 נִתַּ֖ץ he had pulled down
For he rebuilt the high places that his father Hezekiah had torn down, and he raised up altars for the Baals and made Asherah poles. And he worshiped and served all the host of heaven.
Here: A violent demolition verb, used for knocking down walls and altars. It repeats the word for Hezekiah's reform in 2 Chr 31:1, so readers are reminded of that exact event.
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2 Chronicles 34:4 וַיְנַתְּצ֣וּ and people pulled down
Then in his presence the altars of the Baals were torn down, and he cut to pieces the incense altars that were above them. He shattered the Asherah poles, the carved idols, and the cast images, crushed them to dust, and scattered them over the graves of those who had sacrificed to them.
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2 Chronicles 34:7 וַיְנַתֵּ֣ץ and he pulled down
He tore down the altars and Asherah poles, crushed the idols to powder, and cut to pieces all the incense altars throughout the land of Israel. Then he returned to Jerusalem.
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2 Chronicles 36:19 וַֽיְנַתְּצ֔וּ and they pulled down
Then the Chaldeans set fire to the house of God and broke down the wall of Jerusalem. They burned down all the palaces and destroyed every article of value.
Here: "And they smashed down." An intensive form of a verb for demolishing built structures. Elsewhere in Chronicles this exact form describes reformers smashing idol altars (2 Chr 31:1; 34:4). Now Jerusalem's own wall gets that treatment.
Job · 1
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Job 19:10 יִתְּצֵ֣נִי he has torn down me
He tears me down on every side until I am gone; He uproots my hope like a tree.
Psalms · 2
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Psalm 52:5 יִתָּצְךָ֪ he will tear down you
Surely God will bring you down to everlasting ruin; He will snatch you up and tear you away from your tent; He will uproot you from the land of the living. Selah
Here: A building word, used for knocking down altars, towers, walls and houses. The man is pictured as a structure God pulls down. The form is imperfect: 'will tear down', though it can also be heard as a wish, 'may he tear down'.
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Psalm 58:6 נְתֹ֣ץ׀ break off
O God, shatter their teeth in their mouths; O LORD, tear out the fangs of the lions.
Here: A second command and a second demolition verb, used of smashing altars, pillars and houses (Judges 6:30; Deuteronomy 7:5). It pairs with hāras, 'tear down', to say the same thing twice for emphasis: knock the whole biting apparatus to pieces.
Isaiah · 1
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Isaiah 22:10 וַתִּתְֿצוּ֙ and you pulled down
You counted the houses of Jerusalem and tore them down to strengthen the wall.
Jeremiah · 7
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Jeremiah 1:10 וְלִנְת֖וֹץ and to pull down
See, I have appointed you today over nations and kingdoms to uproot and tear down, to destroy and overthrow, to build and plant.”
Here: A building picture: demolishing walls, houses or altars. It sounds almost the same as lintôš, so the first two verbs ring together as a pair: uproot what was planted, demolish what was built.
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Jeremiah 4:26 נִתְּצוּ֙ they had been pulled down
I looked, and the fruitful land was a desert. All its cities were torn down before the LORD, before His fierce anger.
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Jeremiah 18:7 וְלִנְת֖וֹץ and to pull down
At any time I might announce that a nation or kingdom will be uprooted, torn down, and destroyed.
Here: 'And to tear down', a building picture: breaking down walls, houses or altars. The image moves from the field to the city.
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Jeremiah 31:28 וְלִנְת֛וֹץ and to pull down
Just as I watched over them to uproot and tear down, to demolish, destroy, and bring disaster, so I will watch over them to build and to plant,” declares the LORD.
Here: To smash or break down a built structure: walls, altars, houses. The picture shifts from a garden to a building.
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Jeremiah 33:4 הַנְּתֻצִ֕ים which have been pulled down
For this is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says about the houses of this city and the palaces of the kings of Judah that have been torn down for defense against the siege ramps and the sword:
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Jeremiah 39:8 נָתָֽצוּ׃ they broke down
The Chaldeans set fire to the palace of the king and to the houses of the people, and they broke down the walls of Jerusalem.
Here: To pull down or demolish a structure: altars, houses, towers, walls. It is the same verb as 'to break down' in Jeremiah's call (1:10), so the ending of the verse echoes the prophet's original commission.
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Jeremiah 52:14 נָֽתְצוּ֙ they broke down
And the whole army of the Chaldeans under the captain of the guard broke down all the walls around Jerusalem.
Ezekiel · 3
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Ezekiel 16:39 וְנִתְּצ֣וּ and they will be broken down
Then I will deliver you into the hands of your lovers, and they will level your mounds and tear down your lofty shrines. They will strip off your clothes, take your fine jewelry, and leave you naked and bare.
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Ezekiel 26:9 יִתֹּ֖ץ he will break down
He will direct the blows of his battering rams against your walls and tear down your towers with his axes.
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Ezekiel 26:12 יִתֹּ֑צוּ they will pull down
They will plunder your wealth and pillage your merchandise. They will demolish your walls, tear down your beautiful homes, and throw your stones and timber and soil into the water.
Nahum · 1
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Nahum 1:6 נִתְּצ֥וּ they are pulled down
Who can withstand His indignation? Who can endure His burning anger? His wrath is poured out like fire; even rocks are shattered before Him.
Here: A building-demolition verb, used for pulling down altars, walls and towers. The rocks are not just cracked but torn down like a building. It sounds very close to nittəkâ ('is poured out') earlier in the line.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.