עָוָה

1 Samuel 20:30 נַעֲוַ֖ת <the> perverse [woman] of

Then Saul’s anger burned against Jonathan, and he said to him, “You son of a perverse and rebellious woman! Do I not know that you have chosen the son of Jesse to your own shame and to the shame of the mother who bore you?

2 Samuel 7:14 בְּהַ֣עֲוֹת֔וֹ when does wrong he

I will be his Father, and he will be My son. When he does wrong, I will discipline him with the rod of men and with the blows of the sons of men.

Here: Literally "in his doing-twistedly," meaning "when he goes crooked." The verb pictures bending something out of true. It assumes this royal son really can and will do wrong.

2 Samuel 19:19 הֶעֱוָ֣ה he did perversely

and said, “My lord, do not hold me guilty, and do not remember your servant’s wrongdoing on the day my lord the king left Jerusalem. May the king not take it to heart.

2 Samuel 24:17 הֶעֱוֵ֔יתִי I have done wrong

When David saw the angel striking down the people, he said to the LORD, “Surely I, the shepherd, have sinned and acted wickedly. But these sheep, what have they done? Please, let Your hand fall upon me and my father’s house.”

Here: From a root meaning "bend, twist." It means to act crookedly, to go wrong deliberately. It is stronger than the first verb and comes from the same root as 'awon, the guilt David asked God to remove in 24:10.

1 Kings 8:47 וְהֶעֱוִ֖ינוּ and we have done wrong

and when they come to their senses in the land to which they were taken, and they repent and plead with You in the land of their captors, saying, ‘We have sinned and done wrong; we have acted wickedly,’

Here: From a root meaning 'bend, twist'. 'We have acted crookedly, perversely.' It is related to avon, 'iniquity, guilt'. It adds the picture of a twisted path to the plain admission of failure.

2 Chronicles 6:37 הֶעֱוִ֖ינוּ we have done wrong

and when they come to their senses in the land to which they were taken, and they repent and plead with You in the land of their captors, saying, ‘We have sinned and done wrong; we have acted wickedly,’

Here: From a root meaning 'bend, twist'. 'We have acted crookedly' points to distorted, warped conduct. It is related to ʿawon, 'iniquity, guilt'.

Esther 1:16 עָוְתָ֖ה she did wrong

And in the presence of the king and his princes, Memucan replied, “Queen Vashti has wronged not only the king, but all the princes and the peoples in all the provinces of King Xerxes.

Job 33:27 הֶעֱוֵ֗יתִי I have perverted

Then he sings before men with these words: ‘I have sinned and perverted what was right; yet I did not get what I deserved.

Here: 'I made crooked.' It is the opposite picture to yāšār: he took something straight and bent it out of shape. The root is the same one behind ʿāwōn, 'iniquity'. The confession is concrete: I deformed what was right.

Psalm 38:6 נַעֲוֵ֣יתִי I am bent down

I am bent and brought low; all day long I go about mourning.

Here: Niphal (passive/reflexive) perfect: "I am bent, doubled over, twisted out of shape." The picture is a body that can no longer stand straight. The same root lies behind ʿāwōn, "iniquity," the word the psalmist used for his sins in v. 4, so his bentness echoes the 'bent' guilt he has confessed.

Psalm 106:6 הֶעֱוִ֥ינוּ we have done wrong

We have sinned like our fathers; we have done wrong and acted wickedly.

Here: "We have acted crookedly": we twisted what should have been straight. It comes from the same root as ʿāwōn, 'iniquity/guilt', so it also hints at the guilt that such twisting leaves behind.

Proverbs 12:8 וְנַעֲוֵה־ and a [person] perverted of

A man is praised according to his wisdom, but a twisted mind is despised.

Isaiah 21:3 נַעֲוֵ֣יתִי I am bent over

Therefore my body is filled with anguish. Pain grips me, like the pains of a woman in labor. I am bewildered to hear, I am dismayed to see.

Here: 'I am twisted/doubled over' (a passive or reflexive verb form). It is physical: his body bends and contorts, as in Psalm 38:6 [Heb. 38:7], 'I am bent, bowed down greatly.'

Isaiah 24:1 וְעִוָּ֣ה and he will twist

Behold, the LORD lays waste the earth and leaves it in ruins. He will twist its surface and scatter its inhabitants—

Here: 'And he will twist out of shape'. The verb bends something away from its proper form. Elsewhere it describes God making a person's paths crooked (Lamentations 3:9) and a body doubled over in pain (Isaiah 21:3). Here the face of the earth is warped.

Jeremiah 3:21 הֶעֱוּוּ֙ they have perverted

A voice is heard on the barren heights, the children of Israel weeping and begging for mercy, because they have perverted their ways and forgotten the LORD their God.

Here: 'They have made crooked' or 'twisted'. The picture is a road bent out of line. This root is the source of ʿawon, a standard Hebrew word for 'iniquity, guilt'.

Jeremiah 9:5 הַעֲוֵ֥ה to iniquire

Each one betrays his friend; no one tells the truth. They have taught their tongues to lie; they wear themselves out committing iniquity.

Here: Infinitive, 'acting perversely / doing wrong'. The root's picture is bending something out of true. It comes first for emphasis: 'in doing wrong they exhaust themselves'.

Lamentations 3:9 עִוָּֽה׃ ס he has made crooked

He has barred my ways with cut stones; He has made my paths crooked.

Here: "He has twisted." The verb form is an intensive one: the paths have been bent out of shape so that they wind and lead nowhere. It describes the speaker's lost bearings, not anything the speaker has done wrong.

Daniel 9:5 וְעָוִ֖ינוּ and we have committed iniquity

we have sinned and done wrong. We have acted wickedly and rebelled. We have turned away from Your commandments and ordinances.

Here: "And we have done what is twisted." The root pictures something bent out of its proper shape. The noun from the same root, ʿāwōn, means both the twisted act and the guilt it leaves behind.