Hebrew word · H5804

עַזָּה

'azah

Gaza

Gaza, an ancient city on the southern coast of Canaan. The name is related to the Hebrew root for 'strong' (azaz).

Appears 21 times in 20 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·

What it means

§ Azzah = "the strong"

another name for 'Gaza', a city of the Philistines located in the extreme southwest of Palestine close to the Mediterranean

Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).

In depth

From the study of Joshua 10:41

Range of meaning

Gaza, an ancient city on the southern coast of Canaan. The name is related to the Hebrew root for 'strong' (azaz).

Against the English

Every version has 'Gaza'.

Used elsewhere in the period

In the Late Bronze Age (c. 1550–1200 BC) Gaza was Egypt's main administrative base in Canaan, and it appears in Egyptian records and in the Amarna letters, written by local rulers of Canaan to Pharaoh. It later became one of the five Philistine cities (Josh 13:3; Judg 16). Within Joshua, 11:22 says Anakim remained in Gaza and 13:3 lists it as unconquered. Judg 1:18 in the Hebrew says Judah took it, while the Greek says Judah did not.

Where it appears

Genesis · 1
  1. Genesis 10:19 עַזָּ֑ה Gaza

    and the borders of Canaan extended from Sidon toward Gerar as far as Gaza, and then toward Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboiim, as far as Lasha.

Deuteronomy · 1
  1. Deuteronomy 2:23 עַזָּ֑ה Gaza

    And the Avvim, who lived in villages as far as Gaza, were destroyed by the Caphtorites, who came out of Caphtor and settled in their place.)

Joshua · 3
  1. Joshua 10:41 עַזָּ֑ה Gaza

    Joshua conquered the area from Kadesh-barnea to Gaza, and the whole region of Goshen as far as Gibeon.

    Here: The southwestern point on the Mediterranean coast. The pause mark here closes the first range, Kadesh-barnea to Gaza: the southern edge of the campaign, running from the desert to the sea.

  2. Joshua 11:22 בְּעַזָּ֛ה in Gaza

    No Anakim were left in the land of the Israelites; only in Gaza, Gath, and Ashdod did any survive.

    Here: Gaza, the southernmost of the coastal cities on the road to Egypt. Its name probably means 'strong (one)'. Later one of the five Philistine capitals.

  3. Joshua 15:47 עַזָּ֥ה Gaza

    Ashdod, with its towns and villages; Gaza, with its towns and villages, as far as the Brook of Egypt and the coastline of the Great Sea.

    Here: The southernmost Philistine city, on the trunk road to Egypt. Its name probably means 'strong'. It is the second mother city of the district.

Judges · 4
  1. Judges 1:18 עַזָּ֣ה Gaza

    And Judah also captured Gaza, Ashkelon, and Ekron—each with its territory.

  2. Judges 6:4 עַזָּ֑ה Gaza

    encamping against them as far as Gaza and destroying the produce of the land. They left Israel with no sustenance, neither sheep nor oxen nor donkeys.

  3. Judges 16:1 עַזָּ֑תָה Gaza towards

    One day Samson went to Gaza, where he saw a prostitute and went in to spend the night with her.

  4. Judges 16:21 עַזָּ֗תָה Gaza towards

    Then the Philistines seized him, gouged out his eyes, and brought him down to Gaza, where he was bound with bronze shackles and forced to grind grain in the prison.

    Here: 'To Gaza.' This is the southernmost Philistine city, where Samson once ripped the city gates from their posts and carried them off (16:1–3). He comes back to it as a blind captive.

1 Samuel · 1
  1. 1 Samuel 6:17 לְעַזָּ֤ה for Gaza

    As a guilt offering to the LORD, the Philistines had sent back one gold tumor for each city: Ashdod, Gaza, Ashkelon, Gath, and Ekron.

1 Kings · 1
  1. 1 Kings 4:24 עַזָּ֔ה Gaza

    For Solomon had dominion over everything west of the Euphrates—over all the kingdoms from Tiphsah to Gaza—and he had peace on all sides.

    Here: The south-western end point. Gaza was the Philistine city on the coast road to Egypt. The KJV spells it 'Azzah', closer to the Hebrew.

2 Kings · 1
  1. 2 Kings 18:8 עַזָּ֖ה Gaza

    He defeated the Philistines as far as Gaza and its borders, from watchtower to fortified city.

1 Chronicles · 1
  1. 1 Chronicles 7:28 עַיָּ֖ה Ayyah

    Their holdings and settlements included Bethel and its villages, Naaran to the east, Gezer and its villages to the west, and Shechem and its villages as far as Ayyah and its villages.

Jeremiah · 3
  1. Jeremiah 25:20 עַזָּה֙ Gaza

    all the mixed tribes; all the kings of Uz; all the kings of the Philistines: Ashkelon, Gaza, Ekron, and the remnant of Ashdod;

    Here: Gaza was the southernmost Philistine city and the gateway to Egypt. The KJV spells it 'Azzah', following the Hebrew sound.

  2. Jeremiah 47:1 עַזָּֽה׃ ס Gaza

    This is the word of the LORD that came to Jeremiah the prophet about the Philistines before Pharaoh struck down Gaza.

  3. Jeremiah 47:5 עַזָּ֔ה Gaza

    The people of Gaza will shave their heads in mourning; Ashkelon will be silenced. O remnant of their valley, how long will you gash yourself?

Amos · 2
  1. Amos 1:6 עַזָּ֔ה Gaza

    This is what the LORD says: “For three transgressions of Gaza, even four, I will not revoke My judgment, because they exiled a whole population, delivering them up to Edom.

    Here: The southernmost Philistine city and a major trading center. The name sounds like 'strong'. The city stands for the Philistine people as a whole (vv. 7–8 add Ashdod, Ashkelon, Ekron).

  2. Amos 1:7 עַזָּ֑ה Gaza

    So I will send fire upon the walls of Gaza, to consume its citadels.

Zephaniah · 1
  1. Zephaniah 2:4 עַזָּה֙ Gaza

    For Gaza will be abandoned, and Ashkelon left in ruins. Ashdod will be driven out at noon, and Ekron will be uprooted.

    Here: The southernmost Philistine city, on the coastal trade road to Egypt. The name sounds like "strong" (from ʿaz), and the next word echoes it.

Zechariah · 2
  1. Zechariah 9:5 וְעַזָּה֙ מֵֽעַזָּ֔ה and Gaza, from Gaza

    Ashkelon will see and fear; Gaza will writhe in agony, as will Ekron, for her hope will wither. There will cease to be a king in Gaza, and Ashkelon will be uninhabited.

Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.