Hebrew word · H6218
עָשׂוֹר
asor
ten
A group of ten, or 'the tenth' day of a month (Exod 12:3; Lev 16:29). In music it appears in Ps 33:2, 92:3 (Heb. 92:4) and 144:9.
Appears 16 times in 16 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
1) ten, decade
1a) ten, tenth
1b) ten-stringed, harp
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
- Range of meaning
A group of ten, or 'the tenth' day of a month (Exod 12:3; Lev 16:29). In music it appears in Ps 33:2, 92:3 (Heb. 92:4) and 144:9.
- Against the English
Most versions supply 'strings' ('ten-stringed'). KJV reads it as a separate instrument: 'an instrument of ten strings.'
- Used elsewhere in the period
In Ps 144:9 the same phrase, nevel ʿasor, clearly means one instrument. Ps 92:3 has ʿalei-ʿasor waʿalei-navel, 'on ten and on harp,' which can be read as two instruments. That is the source of the KJV's three-instrument reading here. The Septuagint (psaltērion dekachordon) and Vulgate (psalterium decem chordarum) both read 'a ten-stringed psaltery.'
From the study of Ezekiel 40:1
- Range of meaning
ʿĀśôr means a group of ten, or "the tenth (day)." The whole phrase means "on the tenth of the month."
- Against the English
English versions all say "the tenth (day) of the month." That is accurate. The loss is the echo: in Hebrew these exact words recall festival law.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Exod 12:3, "on the tenth of this month": each household takes its Passover lamb. Lev 16:29 and 23:27, "on the tenth of the seventh month": the Day of Atonement. Lev 25:9, "on the tenth of the month, on the Day of Atonement": the trumpet announcing the jubilee. Josh 4:19: Israel crosses the Jordan into the land on the tenth of the first month.
- Range of meaning
"Ten" or "a group of ten"; also "the tenth day" of a month (Exod 12:3; Lev 16:29, the Day of Atonement; Lev 25:9). In music contexts it refers to ten strings (Ps 33:2; 92:3; 144:9).
- Against the English
Most modern versions read "ten-stringed harp/lyre," treating it as one instrument described by its strings. KJV reads "a psaltery and an instrument of ten strings," treating it as two instruments.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Psalm 92:3 lists ʿāśôr and nēbel side by side ("on the ten and on the harp"), which may be why the KJV took ʿāśôr as a separate instrument here and in Psalm 33:2. Psalm 144:9 copies Psalm 33:2–3 almost word for word ("new song… with a harp of ten"), so the two verses should be read together.
Where it appears
Genesis · 1
-
Genesis 24:55 עָשׂ֑וֹר ten
But her brother and mother said, “Let the girl remain with us ten days or so. After that, she may go.”
Exodus · 1
-
Exodus 12:3 בֶּעָשֹׂ֖ר on the ten
Tell the whole congregation of Israel that on the tenth day of this month each man must select a lamb for his family, one per household.
Here: "On the tenth," a calendar date. The Hebrew does not need the word "day", which English adds. The date is placed first for emphasis, so it opens the message.
Leviticus · 3
-
Leviticus 16:29 בֶּֽעָשׂ֨וֹר on the ten
This is to be a permanent statute for you: On the tenth day of the seventh month, you shall humble yourselves and not do any work—whether the native or the foreigner who resides among you—
Here: 'On the tenth', meaning the tenth day. Lev 23:32 has the observance begin the evening of the ninth and run 'from evening to evening'.
-
Leviticus 23:27 בֶּעָשׂ֣וֹר on the ten
“The tenth day of this seventh month is the Day of Atonement. You shall hold a sacred assembly and humble yourselves, and present a food offering to the LORD.
Here: 'On the tenth (day)'. The noun means 'a group of ten' and here serves as the date. The tenth day was already significant: the Passover lamb was chosen on the tenth of the first month (Exod 12:3).
-
Leviticus 25:9 בֶּעָשׂ֖וֹר on the ten
Then you are to sound the horn far and wide on the tenth day of the seventh month, the Day of Atonement. You shall sound it throughout your land.
Here: 'On the tenth.' In calendar phrases this word means the tenth day of a month, as in Exod 12:3 and Lev 16:29.
Numbers · 1
-
Numbers 29:7 וּבֶעָשׂוֹר֩ and on the ten
On the tenth day of this seventh month, you are to hold a sacred assembly, and you shall humble yourselves; you must not do any work.
Here: 'And on the tenth': the word is a counting noun ('a set of ten'), used in calendar texts for the tenth day of a month. The opening 'and' links this day to the list of feasts in the month that began in 29:1.
Joshua · 1
-
Joshua 4:19 בֶּעָשׂ֖וֹר on the ten
On the tenth day of the first month the people went up from the Jordan and camped at Gilgal on the eastern border of Jericho.
2 Kings · 1
-
2 Kings 25:1 בֶּעָשׂ֣וֹר on the ten
So in the ninth year of Zedekiah’s reign, on the tenth day of the tenth month, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon marched against Jerusalem with his entire army. They encamped outside the city and built a siege wall all around it.
Here: A noun meaning "a tenth / group of ten", used for the tenth day of a month, as in Exodus 12:3 and Leviticus 16:29. Tenth day of the tenth month: a date that sticks in the memory, and later a fast day.
Psalms · 3
-
Psalm 33:2 עָ֝שׂ֗וֹר ten
Praise the LORD with the harp; make music to Him with ten strings.
Here: 'Ten.' Joined to nevel it most naturally describes it: 'a harp of ten [strings].' The word 'strings' is not in the Hebrew. Elsewhere ʿasor also means 'the tenth day' of a month (Exod 12:3).
-
Psalm 92:3 עָ֭שׂוֹר a ten
with the ten-stringed harp and the melody of the lyre.
-
Psalm 144:9 עָ֝שׂ֗וֹר ten
I will sing to You a new song, O God; on a harp of ten strings I will make music to You—
Here: Literally "ten" or "a ten." The word "strings" is not in the Hebrew but is clearly understood: "a harp of ten (strings)." The same phrase appears in Psalm 33:2. Elsewhere the word can mean "the tenth day" of a month.
Jeremiah · 2
-
Jeremiah 52:4 בֶּעָשׂ֣וֹר on the ten
So in the ninth year of Zedekiah’s reign, on the tenth day of the tenth month, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon marched against Jerusalem with his entire army. They encamped outside the city and built a siege wall all around it.
Here: A form of 'ten' used for the tenth day of a month (as with the Day of Atonement, 'the tenth of the seventh month').
-
Jeremiah 52:12 בֶּעָשׂ֣וֹר on the ten
On the tenth day of the fifth month, in the nineteenth year of Nebuchadnezzar’s reign over Babylon, Nebuzaradan captain of the guard, a servant of the king of Babylon, entered Jerusalem.
Ezekiel · 3
-
Ezekiel 20:1 בֶּעָשׂ֣וֹר on the ten
In the seventh year, on the tenth day of the fifth month, some of the elders of Israel came to inquire of the LORD, and they sat down before me.
Here: 'On the tenth [day]'. This form, rather than the ordinary word for 'tenth', is used in formal dates, for example the Day of Atonement 'on the tenth of the month' (Leviticus 16:29). Ezekiel uses it again at 24:1 and 40:1.
-
Ezekiel 24:1 בֶּעָשׂ֥וֹר on the ten
In the ninth year, on the tenth day of the tenth month, the word of the LORD came to me, saying,
-
Ezekiel 40:1 בֶּעָשׂ֣וֹר on the ten
In the twenty-fifth year of our exile, at the beginning of the year, on the tenth day of the month—in the fourteenth year after Jerusalem had been struck down—on that very day the hand of the LORD was upon me, and He took me there.
Here: "On the tenth." This is the wording of the festival laws: the tenth of the first month for choosing the Passover lamb (Exod 12:3), and the tenth of the seventh month for the Day of Atonement and the jubilee trumpet (Lev 23:27; 25:9).
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.