Hebrew word · H6455
פִּסֵּחַ
fiseach
lame
Lame, crippled in the legs or feet. It comes from the root פסח, "to limp" (compare 1 Kgs 18:21, "how long will you limp between two opinions?").
Appears 14 times in 13 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
lame
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
- Range of meaning
Lame, crippled in the legs or feet. It comes from the root פסח, "to limp" (compare 1 Kgs 18:21, "how long will you limp between two opinions?").
- Against the English
KJV and WEB add "man" ("the lame man"). The Hebrew is just "lame," a general term that covers any person in this condition.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Lev 21:18: a lame descendant of Aaron could not offer sacrifices. 2 Sam 5:6–8: the saying about "the blind and the lame." 2 Sam 9:13: Mephibosheth. Inside Isaiah, 33:23 says "even the lame will carry off plunder." Elsewhere the lame are part of the returning remnant: Jer 31:8 ("among them the blind and the lame"), Mic 4:6–7 and Zeph 3:19 ("I will save the lame").
From the study of 2 Samuel 5:8
- Range of meaning
Pisseaḥ means lame or crippled in the legs. 'Ivver means blind. Together they are a standard pair for people with physical impairments (Lev 21:18; Deut 15:21; Mal 1:8; Job 29:15). They are also used figuratively for the helpless.
- Against the English
Most English versions print them as plain nouns. The NIV and NLT put quotation marks around them to show that David is quoting the Jebusite taunt. That helps the reader see the sarcasm.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Leviticus 21:18 bars a blind or lame priest from offering at the altar. The Dead Sea Scrolls take this further: the Temple Scroll (11QT 45:12–14) bars the blind from the temple city, and the Rule of the Congregation (1QSa 2:5–9) and War Scroll (1QM 7:4–5) exclude the lame and blind from the assembly and the war camp. Josephus (Antiquities 7.61) says the Jebusites put the blind and lame on the walls to mock David. A Hittite soldiers' oath ritual shows a blind woman and a deaf man to troops as a picture of the curse on oath-breakers. Some scholars connect this to the Jebusite boast.
From the study of Deuteronomy 15:21
- Range of meaning
Lame (limping, crippled in the legs) / blind. Both belong to a group of Hebrew words with a shared pattern used for bodily conditions (also deaf, mute, hunchbacked, bald).
- Against the English
Rendered straightforwardly as 'lame' and 'blind' in all versions. KJV adds italic words ('as if it be') to smooth the grammar; NIV/BSB turn them into 'is lame or blind.'
- Used elsewhere in the period
Paired in Lev 21:18 (priests), 2 Sam 5:6–8, Job 29:15, and especially Mal 1:8, 13, where priests are rebuked for offering 'the blind… the lame and the sick' — the very abuse this law forbids. Lev 22:22 lists blindness among animal defects.
Where it appears
Leviticus · 1
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Leviticus 21:18 פִסֵּ֔חַ lame
No man who has any defect may approach—no man who is blind, lame, disfigured, or deformed;
Deuteronomy · 1
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Deuteronomy 15:21 פִּסֵּ֙חַ֙ lame
But if an animal has a defect, is lame or blind, or has any serious flaw, you must not sacrifice it to the LORD your God.
Here: Lame, limping. The first of two parade examples of a defect. Hebrew uses a special word shape for bodily conditions (lame, blind, deaf, mute, hunchbacked), and this is one of them.
2 Samuel · 5
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2 Samuel 5:6 וְהַפִּסְחִים֙ and the lame [people]
Now the king and his men marched to Jerusalem against the Jebusites who inhabited the land. The Jebusites said to David: “You will never get in here. Even the blind and lame can repel you.” For they thought, “David cannot get in here.”
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2 Samuel 5:8 הַפִּסְחִים֙ וּפִסֵּ֔חַ the lame [people], and a lame [person]
On that day he said, “Whoever attacks the Jebusites must use the water shaft to reach the lame and blind who are despised by David.” That is why it is said, “The blind and the lame will never enter the palace.”
Here: 'The lame ones.' With the article it means 'those lame ones', pointing back to the Jebusite boast in verse 6 that even their lame could keep David out.
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2 Samuel 9:13 פִסֵּ֖חַ [was] lame
So Mephibosheth lived in Jerusalem, because he always ate at the king’s table, and he was lame in both feet.
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2 Samuel 19:26 פִסֵּ֖חַ [is] lame
“My lord the king,” he replied, “because I am lame, I said, ‘I will have my donkey saddled so that I may ride on it and go with the king.’ But my servant Ziba deceived me,
Job · 1
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Job 29:15 לַפִּסֵּ֣חַ to the lame
I served as eyes to the blind and as feet to the lame.
Proverbs · 1
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Proverbs 26:7 מִפִּסֵּ֑חַ from a lame [person]
Like lame legs hanging limp is a proverb in the mouth of a fool.
Isaiah · 2
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Isaiah 33:23 פִּסְחִ֖ים lame [people]
Your ropes are slack; they cannot secure the mast or spread the sail. Then an abundance of spoils will be divided, and even the lame will carry off plunder.
Here: 'Lame people': those least able to fight or to chase a fleeing enemy. They are the ones who carry off the loot, which shows the victory was not won by Jerusalem's strength.
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Isaiah 35:6 פִּסֵּ֔חַ a lame [person]
Then the lame will leap like a deer and the mute tongue will shout for joy. For waters will gush forth in the wilderness, and streams in the desert.
Here: A person disabled in the legs or feet, who limps or cannot walk. The subject is held back until after the deer simile, so the line runs: "will leap, like a deer, the lame man."
Jeremiah · 1
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Jeremiah 31:8 וּפִסֵּ֔חַ and [the] lame
Behold, I will bring them from the land of the north and gather them from the farthest parts of the earth, including the blind and the lame, expectant mothers and women in labor. They will return as a great assembly!
Here: "And lame." Someone who could not keep up. "Blind and lame" is a standard pair for the most helpless people, and for people kept out of certain sacred roles.
Malachi · 2
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Malachi 1:8 פִּסֵּ֥חַ a lame [animal]
When you offer blind animals for sacrifice, is it not wrong? And when you present the lame and sick ones, is it not wrong? Try offering them to your governor! Would he be pleased with you or show you favor?” asks the LORD of Hosts.
Here: A lame or limping animal. It is paired with 'blind' in Deut 15:21 as unfit for the altar.
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Malachi 1:13 הַפִּסֵּ֙חַ֙ the lame [animal]
You also say: ‘Oh, what a nuisance!’ And you turn up your nose at it,” says the LORD of Hosts. “You bring offerings that are stolen, lame, or sick! Should I accept these from your hands?” asks the LORD.
Here: A crippled or limping animal. The Law explicitly ruled such animals unfit for the altar (Lev 22:22; Deut 15:21). The same word appears in v. 8.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.