קָדַר

1 Kings 18:45 הִֽתְקַדְּרוּ֙ they grew dark

Meanwhile, the sky grew dark with clouds and wind, and a heavy rain began to fall. So Ahab rode away and went to Jezreel.

Job 5:11 וְ֝קֹדְרִ֗ים and mourners

He sets the lowly on high, so that mourners are lifted to safety.

Here: Literally "the darkened ones": mourners, named after how they looked, unwashed, dressed in dark sackcloth, ash on the face, gloomy. The picture is of grief you can see.

Job 6:16 הַקֹּדְרִ֥ים that are dark

darkened because of the ice and the inflow of melting snow,

Job 30:28 קֹדֵ֣ר being dark

I go about blackened, but not by the sun. I stand up in the assembly and cry for help.

Here: An active participle: 'being dark,' 'in a darkened state.' It is the stock word for the visible look of a mourner: an unwashed, ash-smeared, dark-clothed, gloomy face and body. It puts the line's first stress on how Job looks.

Psalm 35:14 קֹדֵ֥ר mourning

I paced about as for my friend or brother; I was bowed down with grief, like one mourning for his mother.

Psalm 38:6 קֹדֵ֥ר mourning

I am bent and brought low; all day long I go about mourning.

Here: Participle: "darkened, dark-looking." The word for a sky gone black or a sun darkened. Used of a mourner, it pictures someone visibly dark: unwashed, dust on the head, in dark sackcloth, face gloomy. It describes how he looks as well as how he feels.

Psalm 42:9 קֹדֵ֥ר mourning

I say to God my Rock, “Why have You forgotten me? Why must I walk in sorrow because of the enemy’s oppression?”

Here: A participle, 'being dark'. It describes how a mourner looked: unwashed, dressed in dark or dirty clothes, with ashes or dust on the head, face darkened. The speaker is visibly a man in mourning, not only sad inside.

Psalm 43:2 קֹדֵ֥ר mourning

For You are the God of my refuge. Why have You rejected me? Why must I walk in sorrow because of the enemy’s oppression?

Here: "Darkened": a participle describing how the speaker looks while walking. Mourners went unwashed, in dark sackcloth, with dust on their heads and gloom on their faces. The word shows a visible state, not just a hidden sadness.

Jeremiah 4:28 וְקָדְר֥וּ and they will be dark

Therefore the earth will mourn and the heavens above will grow dark. I have spoken, I have planned, and I will not relent or turn back.”

Here: 'And will go dark.' This verb is used for mourners who go about dark and unwashed (Ps 35:14; 38:6). So the sky is pictured putting on mourning clothes.

Jeremiah 8:21 קָדַ֕רְתִּי I am in mourning

For the brokenness of the daughter of my people I am crushed. I mourn; horror has gripped me.

Jeremiah 14:2 קָדְר֣וּ they are in mourning

“Judah mourns and her gates languish. Her people wail for the land, and a cry goes up from Jerusalem.

Here: "They have gone dark." It describes a mourner who is dirty, unwashed, in dark sackcloth and with dust on the head, and it is also used of a sky going black. The plural subject is probably the gates (personified) or the people at them. The Hebrew leaves this open.

Ezekiel 31:15 וָאַקְדִּ֤ר and I made mourn

This is what the Lord GOD says: ‘On the day it was brought down to Sheol, I caused mourning. I covered the deep because of it; I held back its rivers; its abundant waters were restrained. I made Lebanon mourn for it, and all the trees of the field fainted because of it.

Ezekiel 32:7 וְהִקְדַּרְתִּ֖י and I will darken

When I extinguish you, I will cover the heavens and darken their stars. I will cover the sun with a cloud, and the moon will not give its light.

Here: 'I will make dark.' The root also covers going about dark, unwashed and in sackcloth, as mourners did. In a chapter that is formally a funeral lament, the stars are made to 'go dark' the way mourners do.

Ezekiel 32:8 אַקְדִּירֵ֖ם I will darken them

All the shining lights in the heavens I will darken over you, and I will bring darkness upon your land,’ declares the Lord GOD.

Joel 2:10 קָדָ֔רוּ they become dark

Before them the earth quakes; the heavens tremble. The sun and moon grow dark, and the stars lose their brightness.

Here: Sun and moon 'go dark'. The verb is also used of mourners who go about dark and unwashed (Ps 35:14; 38:6). So the lights of heaven look as if they have put on mourning, which fits a book full of lament (1:8–13).

Joel 3:15 קָדָ֑רוּ they have become dark

The sun and moon will grow dark, and the stars will no longer shine.

Here: "They have gone dark." The verb is in the perfect form, normally used for completed action, but here it describes a coming event as if it had already happened. Qadar also describes the darkened, unwashed look of someone in mourning, so the sky goes dark the way a mourner does.

Micah 3:6 וְקָדַ֥ר and it will be dark

Therefore night will come over you without visions, and darkness without divination. The sun will set on these prophets, and the daylight will turn black over them.

Here: "Turn black, go dim." The same root is used for mourners in dark, unwashed clothes (Ps 35:14; 38:6). So the picture is a day that darkens and goes into mourning over them.