Hebrew word · H7580
שָׁאַג
sha'ag
to roar
To roar. It is used mainly of lions (Judg 14:5; Ps 104:21; Amos 3:4), sometimes of people groaning in distress (Ps 38:8), and several times of God's own voice in judgment or summons (Amos 1:2; Joel 3:16 [Heb 4:16]; Jer 25:30; Hos 11:10).
Appears 20 times in 17 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
1) (Qal) to roar
1a) of lion, conqueror, Jehovah, cry of distress
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
- Range of meaning
To roar. It is used mainly of lions (Judg 14:5; Ps 104:21; Amos 3:4), sometimes of people groaning in distress (Ps 38:8), and several times of God's own voice in judgment or summons (Amos 1:2; Joel 3:16 [Heb 4:16]; Jer 25:30; Hos 11:10).
- Against the English
'Roar' is accurate. What English readers may miss is how the word works as a set image: in the prophets, God 'roaring' is a stock picture of him coming to act, usually in judgment.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Amos 3:4 sets up the picture: 'Does a lion roar in the forest when it has no prey?' Ancient Near Eastern royal inscriptions and art often compare kings and gods to roaring lions as an image of terrifying power. Jer 25:30 and Joel 3:16 repeat the image of God as a lion.
- Range of meaning
To roar: used of lions, of a person groaning in distress (Ps 38:8), and of God's voice in theophany, a scene where God appears or makes himself heard.
- Against the English
'Roar' is accurate. The Hebrew repeats the verb twice in a row, and most English versions keep that.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Amos 1:2 and Joel 3:16 ('YHWH roars from Zion'); Jer 25:30 ('YHWH will roar from on high'). In those passages the roar usually announces judgment, and here it does not.
From the study of Jeremiah 2:15
- Range of meaning
To roar, used of lions and, by extension, of God thundering (Jeremiah 25:30; Amos 1:2), of enemies shouting in triumph (Psalm 74:4), and of a sufferer groaning (Psalm 38:8).
- Against the English
All the major versions have 'roar'. KJV's 'yelled' belongs to the next phrase ('gave their voice'). In 1611 'yell' simply meant a loud, fierce cry.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Amos 3:4 and 3:8 ('The lion has roared; who will not fear?'). Jeremiah 25:30 uses it of YHWH roaring from on high. Jeremiah 51:38 says Babylon's people 'roar together like lions'. Zephaniah 3:3 calls Jerusalem's officials 'roaring lions'.
Where it appears
Judges · 1
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Judges 14:5 שֹׁאֵ֖ג [was] roaring
Then Samson went down to Timnah with his father and mother and came to the vineyards of Timnah. Suddenly a young lion came roaring at him,
Job · 1
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Job 37:4 יִשְׁאַג־ it roars
Then there comes a roaring sound; He thunders with His majestic voice. He does not restrain the lightning when His voice resounds.
Psalms · 4
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Psalm 22:13 וְשֹׁאֵֽג׃ and roaring
They open their jaws against me like lions that roar and maul.
Here: And roaring. Another participle of ongoing action. The roar of a lion that has its prey or is about to take it (Amos 3:4). With 'tearing' it pairs the violence with the terrifying noise.
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Psalm 38:8 שָׁ֝אַ֗גְתִּי I roar
I am numb and badly crushed; I groan in anguish of heart.
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Psalm 74:4 שָׁאֲג֣וּ they roared
Your foes have roared within Your meeting place; they have unfurled their banners as signs,
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Psalm 104:21 שֹׁאֲגִ֣ים [are] roaring
The young lions roar for their prey and seek their food from God.
Here: The verb form shows an action still going on: 'are roaring'. It is the deep, carrying roar of a hunting lion, and it continues the night scene that verse 20 began.
Isaiah · 1
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Isaiah 5:29 יִשְׁאַ֨ג it will roar
Their roaring is like that of a lion; they roar like young lions. They growl and seize their prey; they carry it away, and no one can rescue it.
Here: The verb from the same root as the opening noun: 'it roars' (the Hebrew tense covers ongoing or coming action). Repeating the root drives the sound home.
Jeremiah · 5
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Jeremiah 2:15 יִשְׁאֲג֣וּ they have been roaring
The young lions have roared at him; they have sounded their voices. They have laid waste his land; his cities lie in ruins, without inhabitant.
Here: The deep roar of a lion. The verb form describes ongoing or repeated action: the lions 'kept roaring' or 'roar'. It sets a vivid, continuing scene rather than a single past moment.
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Jeremiah 25:30 יִשְׁאָג֙ שָׁאֹ֤ג יִשְׁאַג֙ he will roar, certainly <to roar>
So you are to prophesy all these words against them and say to them: ‘The LORD will roar from on high; He will raise His voice from His holy habitation. He will roar loudly over His pasture; like those who tread the grapes, He will call out with a shout against all the inhabitants of the earth.
Here: The roar of a lion closing in on its prey, also used of thunder. It is the sound of an attack about to land, not a show of feeling.
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Jeremiah 51:38 יִשְׁאָ֑גוּ they roar
They will roar together like young lions; they will growl like lion cubs.
Ezekiel · 1
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Ezekiel 22:25 שׁוֹאֵ֖ג roaring
The conspiracy of the princes in her midst is like a roaring lion tearing its prey. They devour the people, seize the treasures and precious things, and multiply the widows within her.
Here: A participle, so ongoing action. This is the roar of a lion over its catch: open, terrifying dominance, not a secret threat.
Hosea · 2
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Hosea 11:10 יִשְׁאָ֑ג יִשְׁאַ֔ג he will roar
They will walk after the LORD; He will roar like a lion. When He roars, His children will come trembling from the west.
Here: 'He will roar.' This is the deep, carrying roar of a lion, used for God's voice breaking in (Amos 1:2; 3:8; Joel 3:16). Here it is a voice that cannot be ignored and carries across great distances.
Joel · 1
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Joel 3:16 יִשְׁאָ֗ג he will roar
The LORD will roar from Zion and raise His voice from Jerusalem; heaven and earth will tremble. But the LORD will be a refuge for His people, a stronghold for the people of Israel.
Here: The word for a lion's roar. It pictures Yahweh as a lion making its claim and moving against the enemy nations gathered in the valley (3:2, 12–14).
Amos · 3
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Amos 1:2 יִשְׁאָ֔ג he will roar
He said: “The LORD roars from Zion and raises His voice from Jerusalem; the pastures of the shepherds mourn, and the summit of Carmel withers.”
Here: The lion's roar, and in poetry also the rumble of thunder. The verb form (Hebrew 'imperfect') can be read as present ('roars') or future ('will roar'). It pictures a predator about to strike.
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Amos 3:4 הֲיִשְׁאַ֤ג ¿ does it roar
Does a lion roar in the forest when he has no prey? Does a young lion growl in his den if he has caught nothing?
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Amos 3:8 שָׁאָ֖ג it has roared
The lion has roared—who will not fear? The Lord GOD has spoken—who will not prophesy?
Here: The verb form describes a completed act: the roar has already sounded. In 3:4 the lion roars when it has prey, so this is the sound of an attack about to happen or already under way, not background noise.
Zephaniah · 1
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Zephaniah 3:3 שֹֽׁאֲגִ֑ים roaring
Her princes are roaring lions; her judges are evening wolves, leaving nothing for the morning.
Here: 'Roaring': the continuous form shows an ongoing habit. A lion roars over prey it has caught or is about to seize (Amos 3:4), so the roar is a sound of attack and of claiming the kill.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.