Hebrew word · H7588
שָׁאוֹן
she'on
roar
Noun: roar, crash, din, tumult (of waters, of crowds, of battle). Verb (passive-reflexive form): to roar, crash. A separate, identical-looking root means 'to lie waste' (Isa 6:11).
Appears 18 times in 16 verses of the Hebrew Old Testament. ·
What it means
1) roar, din, crash, uproar
1a) roar (of water)
1b) uproar (of revellers)
Abridged from Brown, Driver and Briggs, A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament (1906), via STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0).
In depth
From the study of Isaiah 17:13
- Range of meaning
Noun: roar, crash, din, tumult (of waters, of crowds, of battle). Verb (passive-reflexive form): to roar, crash. A separate, identical-looking root means 'to lie waste' (Isa 6:11).
- Against the English
BSB 'rage... rush,' KJV/WEB 'rush... rushing'. YLT 'wasting... wasted' follows the other root, which does not fit the water image.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Psalm 65:7 'who stills the roaring (shaʾon) of the seas, the roaring of their waves, and the tumult of the peoples' — the same pairing of seas and nations. Isaiah 5:30 and 13:4 use related sound words for armies.
- Range of meaning
Roar, crash, din: the roar of the sea or of many waters (Isa 17:12–13; Ps 65:7), the noise of armies, and the uproar of a celebrating crowd.
- Against the English
KJV 'pomp,' YLT 'noise,' WEB 'pomp,' BSB folds it into 'revelers.' 'Pomp' suggests stately display. The Hebrew is about loud noise.
- How it drifted
'Pomp' likely follows the Latin tradition, which took the word as grandeur rather than sound. The Hebrew is about volume, not ceremony.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Isa 24:8: 'the noise (sheʾôn) of the jubilant (ʿallîzîm) has ceased.' The same pair of ideas, din and jubilation, is silenced there too.
- Range of meaning
A roar, crash or din: the roar of the seas and their waves (Ps 65:7), the uproar of nations and crowds (Isa 17:12–13), the noise of battle and tumult (Amos 2:2; Hos 10:14; Jer 25:31). Some lexicons connect it, or a homonym, with the root šāʾâ, "to crash into ruins / lie desolate", which gives a sense like "devastation".
- Against the English
Translations split three ways. Sound: (rarely) "pit of tumult". Ruin: ESV/NASB "destruction", YLT "desolation". Feeling: KJV/WEB "horrible", BSB/NLT "despair". NIV "slimy" really belongs to the next phrase.
- Used elsewhere in the period
Ps 65:7 (Heb. 65:8): "who stills the roaring of the seas, the roaring of their waves". Isa 17:12–13 compares the roar of nations to the roaring of mighty waters. The Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation) has lakkos talaipōrias, "pit of misery", and the Vulgate (Latin) follows with lacus miseriae, which shows that the ancient translators also found the word hard and translated by its effect.
Where it appears
Psalms · 4
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Psalm 40:2 שָׁאוֹן֮ roaring
He lifted me up from the pit of despair, out of the miry clay; He set my feet upon a rock, and made my footsteps firm.
Here: Describes the pit: a pit "of roaring", meaning crashing water or the noise of chaos. Some take it from a related root and read "of ruin/desolation". Either way it is a place of terror, not a quiet hole.
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Psalm 65:7 שְׁא֣וֹן שְׁא֥וֹן [the] uproar of
You stilled the roaring of the seas, the pounding of their waves, and the tumult of the nations.
Here: The crashing roar of water. Elsewhere the same word is used for the din of battle and of crowds. Here it is the thing God hushes.
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Psalm 74:23 שְׁא֥וֹן [the] uproar of
Do not disregard the clamor of Your adversaries, the uproar of Your enemies that ascends continually.
Isaiah · 8
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Isaiah 5:14 וּשְׁאוֹנָ֖הּ and uproar its
Therefore Sheol enlarges its throat and opens wide its enormous jaws, and down go Zion’s nobles and masses, her revelers and carousers!
Here: 'Her din,' the racket of the party crowd. It sounds almost like 'Sheol' (sheʾôl / sheʾôn), so the noise is swallowed by the thing its name echoes.
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Isaiah 13:4 שְׁא֞וֹן an uproar of
Listen, a tumult on the mountains, like that of a great multitude! Listen, an uproar among the kingdoms, like nations gathered together! The LORD of Hosts is mobilizing an army for war.
Here: A harder word than the first: the crash of surf or the din of battle. The rumble has become an uproar.
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Isaiah 17:12 וּשְׁא֣וֹן כִּשְׁא֛וֹן and [the] uproar of, like [the] uproar of
Alas, the tumult of many peoples; they rage like the roaring seas and clamoring nations; they rumble like the crashing of mighty waters.
Here: The second half starts a new noise word: the crashing din of surf or of battle. It matches hămôn in the first half.
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Isaiah 17:13 כִּשְׁא֞וֹן like [the] uproar of
The nations rage like the rush of many waters. He rebukes them, and they flee far away, driven before the wind like chaff on the hills, like tumbleweeds before a gale.
Here: 'Like the roar of' — the crashing noise of surf or floodwater, also the din of an army on the move. Sound is the point: the nations are heard before they are seen.
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Isaiah 24:8 שְׁא֣וֹן [the] uproar of
The joyful tambourines have ceased; the noise of revelers has stopped; the joyful harp is silent.
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Isaiah 25:5 שְׁא֥וֹן [the] uproar of
like heat in a dry land. You subdue the uproar of foreigners. As the shade of a cloud cools the heat, so the song of the ruthless is silenced.
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Isaiah 66:6 שָׁאוֹן֙ an uproar
Hear the uproar from the city; listen to the voice from the temple! It is the voice of the LORD, repaying His enemies what they deserve!
Jeremiah · 4
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Jeremiah 25:31 שָׁאוֹן֙ an uproar
The tumult will resound to the ends of the earth because the LORD brings a charge against the nations. He brings judgment on all mankind and puts the wicked to the sword,’” declares the LORD.
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Jeremiah 46:17 שָׁא֔וֹן [is] a noise
There they will cry out: ‘Pharaoh king of Egypt was all noise; he has let the appointed time pass him by.’
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Jeremiah 48:45 שָׁאֽוֹן׃ uproar
“Those who flee will stand helpless in Heshbon’s shadow, because fire has gone forth from Heshbon and a flame from within Sihon. It devours the foreheads of Moab and the skulls of the sons of tumult.
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Jeremiah 51:55 שְׁא֖וֹן [the] uproar of
For the LORD will destroy Babylon; He will silence her mighty voice. The waves will roar like great waters; the tumult of their voices will resound.
Here: The crashing din of seas and of marching armies. Isaiah 17:12 and Psalm 65:7 use it for both at once, and that double sense is meant here.
Hosea · 1
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Hosea 10:14 שָׁאוֹן֮ an uproar
the roar of battle will rise against your people, so that all your fortresses will be demolished as Shalman devastated Beth-arbel in the day of battle, when mothers were dashed to pieces along with their children.
Here: The crashing roar of an army attacking, like the noise of breaking waves. It is the first sound of disaster: a war-cry going up inside the country.
Amos · 1
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Amos 2:2 בְּשָׁאוֹן֙ in uproar
So I will send fire against Moab to consume the citadels of Kerioth. Moab will die in tumult, amid war cries and the sound of the ram’s horn.
Word data: STEPBible.org (CC BY 4.0), main text only.